éisteacht leó ar feadh tamaill agus insa an deireach sgairi sé amach cionn damhsa fosta comh luath agus bhí an focal ráidhte aige bhí sé ina shuidh ar dhruim beithidheach capaill. Tug an caiftín órdughadh de'n chuid eile de na sídeógaí a bheith ag imtheacht. D'imigh siad agus níor stad siadh gur shroich siad an Spáin. Nuair a bhí said annsin d'fiafruigh an fear cá h-áit a rabh said. Dubairt siad go rabh said ins an Spáinn. 'Maise' arsa an fear 'is truagh gan luach culaith éadaigh agam mar tá fear ar an bhaile s'againne ag cainnt i gcomhnuidhe ar chulait éadaigh a fhágail as an Spáinn'. 'Gheobhaidh tú luach culaith éadaigh arsa caiftín na sídheóg. Chuir sé an fear go dtí fuinneog siopa a bhí ann. Thug sé cloch do agus d'iarr air i a leigint

Bhí bean agus fear i na gcomhnaidhe thíos ins na Rosaibh aon uair amháin. Oidhche Shamhna amháin rinne siad pota brúitín. Nuair a bhí an brúitín déanta d'imthigh an fear amach agus nuair a bhí sé tamall maith amuigh chuaidh bean an toighe amach agus ní rabh sé le fághal aicí. Nuair a chuaidh an fear amach bhí calann mór le cloinnstin aige. Bhí páirc mhór taobh thiar den teach agus í lán buffthalán buith. Bhí sgaifte mór sídheógaí thiar ins an pháirc agus iad ag scairtigh amach "cionn damhsa cionn duitse". Bhí an fear ag

An Chailleach Beara It is hundreds and hundreds of years since the people of Coulagh heard of this so called bird which they think came down from the mountains and rested on a rock on Coulagh for one night and then went to Kilcatherine. The prijos9siswowi8sw8siw8iwnt of her foot is on the rock yet and will be for ever. The water that rests on the spot will cure warts and it will never dry. The bird is the shape of a woman in Kilcatherine and she has a basket on her back and the old people say that it is a basket of eggs.kssososoissosiiswo

THE EGLINTON was the first steamer that sailed on Lough Corrib. It was bought by three landlords - Messrs. Staunton, Lynch, and Guinness and brought to Lough Corrib in 1862. It seems that it did not pay its owners, and after about thirty years trading it was sold to a man from Killaloe. She traded on the Shannon but was drowned after a time. The St. Patrick Some years after the sale of the Eglinton the Lydons and Hessions who had been trading on the lake with sailing boats, united, bought timber and after having saved it they built it into a boat. This boat was called the St. Patrick. Patsy Hession was captain of the steamer, but on wild day, when delivering a load at Kilbeg his leg was caught between the boat and the quay and he was killed. The Fairy Queen. The Fairy Queen was

Horse-racing centre in Templetate made about 80 yrs to 100 yrs ago by local gentry (Templetate is close to Magherarney Chapel) in Co. Monaghan parish of Killeevan

There is about half an acre of potatoes grown on my farm every year. My father prepares the ground for the potatoes. The ground has to be manured at first. It makes the ground rich to grown the potatoes. The potatoes are sown both in ridges and drills. RIdges are made with a spade by the hand. The drills are made with a plough, and a pair of horses. Wooden ploughs were used in olden times, but not at the present time. Iron ploughs are used nowadays. Wooden ploughs are still in use in Germany and other foreign countries. The handles of spades are made locally, but hte spade's are bought in the shops. When potatoes are dug from something. LOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOL

There is about half an acre of potatoes grown on my farm every year. My father prepares the ground for the potatoes. The ground has to be manured at first. It makes the ground rich to grown the potatoes. The potatoes are sown both in ridges and drills. RIdges are made with a spade by the hand. The drills are made with a plough, and a pair of horses. Wooden ploughs were used in olden times, but not at the present time. Iron ploughs are used nowadays. Wooden ploughs are still in use in Germany and other foreign countries. The handles of spades are made locally, but hte spade's are bought in the shops. When potatoes are dug from I’m Stupid lololololololololololololol

In the month of January 1839 there came a terrible wind-storm. A man his wife, and a baby one year old were living in Lannanaria Top. When the storm started in the evening they thought nothing of it at first. It got worse coming on to night.

Fataí A Cur. Cuireann m’athair fatai gach bliadhian. Cuireann sé síos acra fatai gach bliadhian. Cuireann sé amach an aoleach ar an talamh i dtosach agus treabhann sé an talamh .Annsin deanainn sé na h-iomairí le céacht agus dha chapall. Uaireanta deanainn sé drilleanna le an ceacht freisin. Fado ó soin rinne siad na h-iomairí le ramháinne. Cuireann sé na sciollan sios agus fagann sé troigh idir gach sciollan agus cluduigheann sé iad le ceacht [admadh] adhmad no le rámhainne. Nuair a bhionn na fataí curtha ar feadh míosa no mar sin lántar iad. Nuair a bhionn siad leath troigh nó mar sin ós cionn na talmhan cuirtear cloch ghorm ortha.

Drumcondra district- Botanic Avenue. Midway between Tolka Bridge and the Wooden Church on this road was up to recent times a row of little slated cottages about seven or eight in number. In July 1935 the cottages were demolished to make room for the erection of new houses. During the course of demolition I noticed that the side-walls of the houses were built of 'Channel' in which the traces of the wheaten straw originally used in the process of mixing were clearly visible. The houses noted above may have been the remains of some forgotten village. J Walsh, 16, Crescent Villas, Iona Rd, Dublin N.B. The site of the above mud-walled cabins is now occupied by houses nos. 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, and 138 Botanic Avenue.

Just then they saw Donncadh coming along and thinking to have some fun they decided to ask him to divide the stag. They did not know who they were dealing with. At first he made them promise that they would abide by his decision. Then he spoke in the following words. Ceathramhash is leath ag Donncadh Mac Craith Ceathramhash eile ag Neans Ní Traoilig A croidhe is a aodha ag Fiacha Dubha an t-Sléibhe Is a croiceann agam fhéin igcóir briste. It can be seen from above that he and his wife had the stag between them giving the useless parts to the birds. Related by Patrick Shea to me in 1931. Aged 75 years. Now dead. Lived near Inch Youghal Co Cork

Potatoes are given to pigs, and are regarded as great fattening foods. Some people have the custom still of making Potato Cakes, for the tea, with the potatoes left over after the dinner but this treat - as it is now regarded is almost dead out. Collected by the chu from their parents'

St. Ruadhan's hand was preserved in Lorrha Abbey until its suppression by Henry VIII. This Saint Ruadhan was supposed to have cursed Tara of the Kings.

The brewing of ale was the principal industry in the district of Kilteel. There was a mill for the grinding of the corn. There were thirty- two ale houses. The stage coach passed through this village and was probably the means of transport to other places.

Dinny D'Alton of Ballinaclough was a powerfully built man & was challenged to weight throw with some Washe of Tipperary. Stone weights were very much in use at the time & stone weights were used for throwing. Nearly all the Parish went with D'Alton to witness the contest & they were not disappointed as D'Alton outhew his opponent. Big Dinny (McCarthy) was prevailed upon to throw & buttoning his coat he caught the stone & slung it several feet beyond either victor or vanquished. All the supporters of D'Alton were so overjoyed that they remained two days and two nights in Tipp drinking & celebrating. They danced all night

The following legend is related as to how Tory Hill came to be where it now stands (2 miles East of Croom) beside the ancient lake named Lough Nagirra. It is said that an old witch once lived beside the lake. She had an only son who was very fond of bathing in the lake. One day while bathing the boy got drowned in its waters and his body was never recovered. The old witch was so grief stricked at the loss of her son that she vowed she would fill in the lake. So she went to Knockfierna (6 miles west) and taking a piece of the hill she put it into her spoon and proceeded towards the lake. As she was nearing the lake the strings of her apron broke and down fell the hugh pile which she was unable to lift again so there it stands to the present day quite close to the lake. It is said the lost boy arises from the depths of the lake every seventh year and mounted on a snow white steed rides round the lake seven times and then disappearrs neath the waters again leaving the surface covered with foam.

Glacfadh sé a dtiucfadh agus a dtáinig Roilig. Leath beó agus leath marbh agus ruball ag crith Mada agus a ceann i bpota. Buail mé mart faoí cloc agus ní bris mé cnamh in a crop. Seilmite. Ceann ar nós mearacán agus i Céard a d'fágh Adhaimh i nGairdín Partás? A dhá chois Bean fada dubh agus í an-fada amuigh. Cruach Móineadh. Cé an déifriocht atá idtír bailséara agus a giolla. Mara chéile. Gé i dtír dá uisge. Muirín. Rud agus céad súil air agus nach feicheann fataí.

One night Eddie Courtney was going to Ballybrohan with a horse and car. There is a fort in this place which is haunted and lights were often seen there. When he was going towards the fort he saw two women dressed in white coming near him. When they were passing him he saluted them but they did not answer. At that minute his car was capsized and he barely escaped disaster. When he went on his cúaird he was told that the women were often seen there. He inquired afterwards and found out that they were not women from Ballybrohan.

There is a field near Shannonvale in which five pillars of stones stand. Each is approximately a ton weight. It is said that five giants were removing them to build a house. They met a woman on their journey and they didn't want her to know them. The woman was going to a well about a mile beyond. They flungs the stones a distance of eight miles. From that day to this they stand there. It is said a person wanted to remove them but he had a dream before hand he would die if he removed them.

If you get a yellow ragweed and cut it up real fine and get a bit of soap and fine sugar, mix them all together you will have the cure of a stone bruise.

an chuach san áit bheadh sin bheadh a aimsir thuas agus níor ghlaoidh an chuach san áit sin ariamh Maidin lá na baireach deirig sé agus sé an obair a fuair sé dul amach ar maidin leis an gcailleac. Nuair a tháinic sé abhaile dfiafruigh sé cá raibh a briocfasta. Dubairt an fear leis go raibh sé itte aig féin agus gur cuma leis futsa. Chuaidh sé amach san ngarraide ag obair go raibh sé i n-am dinnéir. Fuair sé a dinnéar annsin. Nuair a tháinic an an tráthnóna fuair sé a shuipéar agus is beag a fuair sé Cuaid se a codhladh annsin. Maidin lá na bháireac nuair a deirig sé béigin dó a dul amach leis an gcaileach aríst. Nuair a tháinic sé isteach dfiafruigh sé cá raibh briocfasta

A cure for a bad stomach is elder-berry wine. Mrs. Ginn of Castlelyons Co. Cork makes a plaster which is great for a burn. Nobody knows what she puts in the plaster. Mrs. Ginn has a great cure for a bad leg. It is a plaster that she makes herself. She takes about three days to make it. A cure for a bee-sting is to put a bit of copper up to it.

In a little tumble down house just at Curnacartha lake, in the County Roscommon, Ballinafad, lived a poor old man, His name was Tom MacSherry (?). He was greatly disfigured, and his head was nearly touching his knees, with a hump which was on his back. When he died he was a week dead in the house before any neighbours knew of it. When they went to lay him out he was so crippled that they had to put him on a table. They tied a rope around his chest to the bottom rails of the table, and another

When the married couple have the wedding the matchmaker will expect a glass of whiskey "with beaded bubbles winking at the brim" This is a superstitious belief of the bride to wear something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue at the marriage. An old custom is to throw an old shoe after the bride and groom when they are leaving the house to conduct the marriage. Another old observance of the people is to throw rice on the married couple when they are leaving the Church after their marriage. A hundred and thirty years ago marriages took place in the farmers' houses. It was mostly in the bride's houses that the nuptial ceremony was celebrated.

the feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin he slew 6 of his servants who were making hay on his property at Uppercourt. When the local people heard of it they gathered round his house with all sorts of weapons to wreak vengence, but he escaped and fled to Dublin and later to the continent and never returned to Ossory again. Richard Shee died at his in Bouneestown in 1608. His son Lucas married the Hon Ellan Butler 2nd daughter of the 2nd Viscount Montgarret, Robert, his son & heir forfeited his lands & property under Cromwell in 1653. Uppercourt was given to Sir George Askew. The remains of the ancient parish Church are still to be seen in Freshford, but so altered and renewed that none of the original features remain, except the beautiful porch in the west gable, which bears the name of the who built it. In the graveyard attached to the Freshford Church there are many monuments dating from about the 1730 onwards. There are two 17th century monuments. Freshford Cross This Cross was erected on the wayside to the memory of Lucas Shee of Uppercourt and the Hon. Ellan Butler, his wife, to remind passers by to pray for their souls. The cross was broke & only the base now remain. It stood beside the back entrance to

Fairies There was once an old lady who used to wait up late spinning thread. She used to wait up very late on Saturday night which is not a right thing to do. One Saturday night she was up very late spinning thread. It was after twelve o'clock and it was not long until a knock came to the door. She answered the knock and found an army of old hags. They came in and sat down and they ordered her to make tea for them. She had no water in the house so she had to go to the well. On her way to the well she met a friend of hers who was a clever woman. She told her about the hags who had come in to [?]. The woman thought of a plan and she told the old lady,

children. This day she went to milk the cow but the cow began to kick and run round the field. At last she got her to stand and she milked her but when she had her nearly milked the cow kicked the bucket and herself and her seven calves disappeared into the lake and was never seen again. Another time people were going to the fair of Rathkeale. When they were about a few miles back the road their cattle were driven back but the people saw no one for a while. At last they saw a witch and they tried to banish it but it was of no use. So a priest came and blessed the place and banished her and so the people were able to go to fair. Patrick O'Shaughnessy, Bolane, Kildimo, Co.Limerick, Obtained from father Aged 60

About 150 years ago a man called Gregory Costigan was foully murdered in the townsland of Gortnagcloch. The exact place of the murder is still pointed out by some of the inhabitants. The place curiously enough is still known as Gregory (Grigory according to the local people) A long flat flag about 2 or 2 1/2 ft. protuding from a wall is said to have blood stains on it still indelible. An old inhabitant of the place maintains that he himself saw the blood stains in his youth. The flag is noss mossgrown and owing to weathering much of the surface has disappeared. Shebeens were common in those days. An old woman Peg - conducted one at a place now known as Peg's stile (situated at the end of Drummond Hill in the direction of Camross) Factions and faction fights were a common occurence then, owing to political differences. Costigan, according to tradition appears to have been a member

Witches are people who were supposed to have power from the devil. They practised witch-craft such as taking butter and eggs and potatoes from one another. There was a woman in Tipperary living with her father and mother and husband. Her name was Bridget Cleary. Her people got the idea she was a witch and could do supernatural things so in others [order] to get her information from here they put on an iron gate over a fire and burned her. They were arrested and tried for terating [treating] her in this manner and they got 20 years in jail.

The people of the village make their living generally by rearing cattle and pigs and selling them. They keep a lot of hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys also, and sell their eggs to help them to buy food, and clothes for themselves. There is an old fort in our land, and I often heard old people around the place saying that when passing that place late at night some of them used to hear the bean-side crying there. Some also used to hear people beetling clothes there. There is a little stream running at the end of our land, which is joining on to the Addergoole river and I never heard any name on it. There are a lot of rabbits, hares and also a lot of game in our land. There is a peculiar sort of a place in our land, which some people around think must be a sort of place where people were buried one time. There are some large stones situated in it as you would see on the graves of unbaptised babies. People are not sure of this, but as the word

The Fiddler with the Stump Long ago there was a great fiddler living in Moyhill near Cratloe, and he used to be invited to every dance not alone in the neighbourhood, but far and near. One night there was a dance in a house in Ardkyle in the parish of Sixmilebridge. After the dance he was on his way he took a shortcut which led him past an old fort. When nearing it he heard music, and dancing and singing. He sat down, and repeated on his fiddle all that he heard. He was then called in to the fort by a voice, and

Old St. Pappins Church The old chapel or Church of St Pappin was situated just beside the pump on the west side of Ballymun cross-roads. It was propped up with sticks. Its roof and walls fell in and then the present church was built. There was no priests house and the priest used to come on horseback from Fairview to say Mass once a fortnight. The school teacher was responsible for getting the priest's breakfast, and it was cooked in the vestry. There were stations at Christmas and Easter and each farmer brought the priest breakfast in turn and my grand mother cooked and served it. When the present Church of St Pappin was to be built the Domville Estate gave the ground free on condition that it would not be broken for burial

Roland Wynn built a castle in Glenbeigh long ago. He was a landlord. He went to England to buy furniture for the castle. When he was coming home his wife died. Trouble rose between Roland Wynn and the priest. The police went to the castle to get the priest. The priest went between two police. They were going the high road when they came to the clerk's house. The priest asked the police to let him go in. They let him go. While he was he read his office. When he came out the two police were stuck to the road. Come with me now he said but they could not. Then they asked him in the nam of God to let them go. He let them go and they did not bother him again. The priest said to Roland Wynn that the castle would be a barracks for the soldiers, that the walls would never be dry and it would be a home for the rooks and he was right. One day

Once there were two brothers and every night they went hunting black-birds and this night a black-bird held flying before them all night. At last the black-bird perched on a furze bush and one of the men was going to strike it when it said "na buail mé" and one of the men caught it and carried it home. When they arrived home the cock began to crow and held crowing until they left the bird go and every night after that when the men would go out they would see the same black-bird.

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In Freemount between Na Mínte Oga and Rath-Mhor is the old cemetery of Sean-Seipeal meaning "Old Chapel" and is still so called. Darby Moynihan a very old man who died lately said that (as one would naturally suspect) that there were priests buried here. The cemetery wall was built by the guardians of the poor about 1910. Stones of the old Chapel were put into the wall. But there are two heaps still remaining. The two oldest graves are McCarthys of Minte Oga (died 1854) and Brosnans of Minte Oga (d 1833) There are no tombs. People are leaving here now and going to the New Ground in Rathmor. The most interesting thing in the cemetery are the unmarked graves side by side of the Donnelly's - the victims of the moving bog of 1896.

Old Schools In the early days people would go round teaching pupils in their own houses. There were no hedge-schools. My father told me that a man named Macardle taught pupils in an old house in the middle of a field. The field was owned by Mr Murphy of Muchlagh. This man who taught was a stranger. He was paid a penny or two by each pupil every week. They were taught reading and Writing Irish and ea English. Writing was done with slate-pencils and feathers. The children were seated on blacks and stones. They had blackboards in those days. In this house they would have jumping competions and whoever would jump the highest would get prizes of badges. Kathleen Hanratty Willville Carlingford Co Louth Age 13 Std VI

Army and was stationed in the Curragh of Kildare. One night as he was on guard he heard a banshee. Another man was to be on guard, the second part of the night and Patrick told him that he heard a banshee, but he would not believe him and when he went out he heard the "caoine" of the banshee. In the morning one of the men who lived in the house beside him came out and told Patrick that his father had fallen down the stairs at the same instant as the banshee was wailing, and was killed.

The wren, the wren,t he king of all birds." On Saint Stephen;s Day was caught in a fir. There is a story connected with the wren and the eagle. They wanted to see which of them could fly the higher. So the eagle started off and the wren hopped up on the eagle's back. When they went as high as they could the eagle got tired and fell down, but the wren flew higher. So the wren won the flight and was called "the King of the Birds."

The landlord for Asdee West was William Creagh Hickie of Kilelton. Some of them were good landlords and some of them were very hard on their tenants. The family were settled in the district for over a hundred years. They bought the land. The land was divided into farms under their guidance. Farms were sub-divided among members of families on marriage. Tithes were collected in money in former times. The Hickie family built a church in Asdee. Big ups maxwell v blacker Douglas

In 1690 when the Penal Laws were in force schools were not allowed in Ireland and the only place that children could be educated was at hedge schools. These schools were held in secret in some lonely glen and there was five pounds reward for a teachers head. In 1831 an education act was passed which permitted Schools to be built and several of them were built through the country. The Irish Language was forbidden at these schools and every pupil wore a block of wood around his neck and for every Irish word the pupil spoke in school a notch was cut in the block by the teacher and when the pupil went home his parents looked at the block and if there was any new notch in the block the pupil would be beaten and if he spoke an Irish word at home his parents would cut a notch in the block and the teacher would beat him next day. In this way they hope to exterminate the Irish language. In 1848 our school in Ballyhass was built by Elizabeth O'Neill who was a Shakespearean actress and she was the grandmother of Colonel Beecher who is the present manager of the school. There were three hedge schools in this parish one in Cecilstown village another in Lisduggan

83 bed on that night. There are many games played in this district on Halloween night. One of the sports is to tie an apple from the ceiling, and the first to take a bite of it without putting their hands to it gets the apple for himself. Another game which the grownups play is to put two chestnuts on the bars of the grate and if the two chestnuts jump up together they will be a marriage and if they jump one after the other they will not be married.

(age 45) I got this from my father, written by, Brendan Molloy Manley Dunle. 2. Here is a list of animals we have at home:- cows, horses, pigs, sheep, hens, calves, and five cats. We have five cows & the names of them are, the 'miley' the 'ihuley' the Dolar cow, the wild cow and the grey one. We have two horses & the names of them are, 'Dolly', & ‘Blanley'. We have seven pigs, and eight sheep and about one hundred hens, the bantams, & two guinea hens, & a turkey. We have eight calves, & when driving them I say “hey up” or “go on”. When I am calling the hens I say “cockald” “cockald”,and when I am calling the cats I say “posh wish”.

The wild birds that are found in our district are the thrush, robin, wren, blackbird, crow, jackdaw, pigeon, magpie, cuckoo hedge sparrow, house sparrow, corncrake, swallow, willie-wag-tail, the yellow tit, blue bonnet, jay, bulfinch, chaffinch, snipe, the yellow hammer, green linnet, siskin, goldfinch, wryneck, woodcock, grouse, pheasant, partridge, wild duck, teal widgeon, malard, big duck, black side, diver, swan, crane, king fisher, starling, hawk, owl, sky-lark, sand lark, dipper wood pecker, curlew, lapwing, and the martin Nearly all these birds migrate with the exception of the robin, crow, hedge-sparrow house sparrow, magpie, pigeon and a few others. The thrush builds its nest in bushes and in hedges with fog and lines it with mud. It lays four blue eggs. The robin builds its nest in old pots, in banks, and in out-houses with fog and moss and lines it with hair. It lays five white eggs with brown spots on them. The blackbird builds its nest in bushes with clay and fog and lines it with hair. It lays four greenish eggs.

The customs of weddings are lighting a bonfire in front of the door and putting tar on it to keep it lit. Sometimes men dress up in straw and come to the house. Their faces, legs, and body would be covered with straw so that nobody would know them. The people give them sweets and pieces of cake if they take them. When some people are away getting married, the neighbors put hay and straw in bags and stuff them down the chimney. Then when the bride and groom come home and light the fire, the smoke would fill the home till they got the straw out of the chimney. Collected from Mr. J. Smyth Newbliss

Nonie May bonnaughton,jasneykelly,bseggs.Roscommon ct. bonnaughton,jasneykelly,Greggs.Roscommen

St. Stephens day always comes on the 26th December commonly known in this district to be boxing day, On boxing day boys and girls dress up and go out to wren beg. They put on old clothes and an old hat on them and a false face the way people would not know them. When they do come to the neighbors doors they do dance, sing songs, and play music then people give them money. Also on St, Stephen day the men go out shooting, these last few years a whole lot of people gather up and go out hunting after the fox.

There are many games played in this district on Halloween night. One of the sports is to tie an apple from the ceiling, and the first first to take a bite of it without putting their hands to it gets the apple for himself Another game which the grownups play is to put two chestnuts on the bars of the grate and if the two chestnuts jump up together they will be a marriage and if they jump one after the other they will not be married.

On Halloween Night, here is a great Trick to do. Two basins are put on a table, and there is Holy water in one, and clean water in the other. Then you're blindfolded and brought over to the table, if you put your hands in the dirty water, it is said you will get a bad wife, and if you your hand in the clean water, you will get a (gde) good wife. I succeeded in putting my hand in the clean water.

On Halloween Night, here is a great Trick to do. Two basins are put on a table, and there is dirty water in one, and clean water in the other. Then you're blindfolded and brought over to the table, if you put your hands in the dirty water, it is said you will get a bad wife, and if you your hand in the clean water, you will get a (gde) good wife. I succeeded in putting my hand in the clean water.

of Togher and my father's father used play in the backs. A 7 amous local bontest.Although there is no local record of either hurling or football matches prior to, the coming of the f.a.a still this district was not without its athletes. Of these the most notable were Jimmy Sarsfield of mullens bross who was a famous “miles” in his day and whore great contests with Willie brawley had drawn thousands. In the shorter distances Dan Butterfly of Milltoun was a notable f performer ,who returned 10t scs for the 100 yds at the college sports at Armagh. Yom Butterfly was a famous weight thrower who carried three fannels of wheat tied in a

and in a feur days the wart will be gone.big rock with a small hole in the centre and there has to be water in the hole, and leave a safety pin in the hole and rub it on the wart(s), and in a few days the wart will be gone. A cure for a hiccough is to take a good breathe, and put your right hand to your mouth, and your left hand to your nose, and keep them there as long as you can. Another cure for a hiccough is to put a half a spoon-full of sugar into your mouth, and keep your right hand to your mouth and nose as long as you can. Another cure is to get a cup of water and hold it in your hand, and let the person that has the hiccough drink out of it, and when he or she is drinking, turn the cup of water over the person, or another cure is to give the person a fright. A cure for a burn is to put lamp-oil on it, and it is said that if you could get a black snail and rub the snail on your tongue, and rub your tongue on the burn and it will take away the burn.

Mountainstown Dunleen. Co. Louth. Told by her aunt (age 75)

There was a house beside our house and a sod roof on it and the fire was in the corner and a hole in the roof, the ruins of it are to be seen yet. Written by, many bample Hitchestown,Dunleen. Told by her mother ( age 40)

Halloween is not spent now like the way it was spent in olden times. In years gone by people used to be preparing for Halloween weeks before, cabbage stumps used to be thrown at the neighbours doors. Children used to hang up an apple to see who would get a bite off it. At Halloween the house wife makes different things for eating such as, cakes, pies and also some of them make boxty. They put a ring in the cake, a little thimble , and a horse shoe. Some be married before twelve months. If you get the horse shoe it is for good luck. If you get the thimble you will either be a tailor or a dressmaker.

45 -38 The rock on the Road beside Coliemore Harbour Here is the story of how the rock beside Coliemore Harbour came there. St Patrick was sitting on a rock on Dalkey Hill preaching to some people. The devil appeared to St Patrick and asked him to turn against God. St Patrick refused. He picked up a big rock and hurled it at the devil. It hit the devil and killed him. The rock did not stop until it reached the harbour. That is how the rock came to be there. John Cahill 5th Standard Convent Road Dalkey 79 years of age John Cahill 5 Barnhill Rd

Tuam of the two shoulders got its name from the hills which stand on each side of it K.C.C.H. around Tuam there are ruins or forts situated which according to History were istablished long ago by the tribes who were in Ireland. About five miles outside Tuam there is a place called Abbey-knockmoy where Rory ÓConnor was buried by the Trappistss monks who lived there. Cruic Meadh. West of Tuam stands the hill of where Lady Kaiser who came before the flood is buried there. A cairn of stones on the summit marks her burial place. K In the village of Killbannon are the ruins of a church and a round tower which were built at the time of St. Patrick. On Bishop Street or a part called Botar na Scrinte or the Rd.

33 Blackrock Watchtower There is an old tower on the railway near Blackrock overlooking the sea. It is said to be a watch-tower of 1916 and there is an iron bridge stretching from one part of the tower to the other. The tower was raided by the British during the 1916 Rebellion. NO(ne) further information can be found regarding this tower.

Cure for St.Anthony's Fire: Boil down chicken-weed and rub it to the sores, it will cure them. Chilblains: Heat an onion in the oven and then rub it to the chilblains. Haycoughs: If one had the haycoughs let him drink out of the wrong side of the cup.

this is done it is squitched by a large number of girls in one house in the district. It was a custom to have a large dance for the girls when their days work would be over. There were a few men in every parish called Hacklers. These men would arrive there when the flax would be prepared for hackling. When this would be completed it would be spun into thread. The machine which was used to spin it was called a Spinning Wheel. It was generally old women who would spin with this Wheel. After this it would be sent to the Weaver to be woven into linen by a Loom. [-] Old crafts--candle making 2th Dec 1937 Our older generations had to supply themselves with their own light. The way they did this was by making the rush candles, and this is the way they made them. First a bunch of thick green rushes were pulled, brought in and well dried by the fireside. They were then peeled and one stripe left on each rush to keep them together. Then the end of the

There were several drownings in the river Allow. Namely Michael Brennan of Freemount and John Walsh of Dromina and Bowles of Bawnmore. Matthew Noonan of Kilnockin and Thomas Morton attempted to rescue Michael Brennan but failed. Freemount School was burned in Spring 1907. It was supposed that a piece of timber projecting into the chimney caught fire during the day and it was found burned in the early hours of the morning. The boys school was in Barry's stalls and the girls school was in Sheahan's stables. There was a great thunder storm in 1927. It broke into a house near Kanturk. The father tried to save the children but he had to cross a stream near

St Cronon. A long time before the founding of this church St Canice and St Kieran used to go to the island for a retreat. one part of the ruin seems to be older then the rest. The top of the door is omamented with semi-circuler arches and the windows are much the same as the door. Many of the Birch family of Birch Grove are buried within the ruin. There is one grave in the little sacristy of the ruin which bears the name of Mary Hall. There is an underground passage leading from Mona Icha to the round tower in Church Street. When the monks were

"Local ruins." There are a lot of local ruins in and around Sligo. Most of those ruins are venerable with age. There was an Abbey erected in Ballisodare in the 13th. century. It was founded by St Fechin The four walls of this abbey are still standing People were buried in the abbey long ago and there are a lot of old tombs and crosses inside it. At the main entrance there are twelve hands carved. They represent the twelve apostles. In 1253 Sligo abbey was founded by Maurice Fitzgerald. The abbey is now in ruins. It measures about 130 ft. It was partly burned in 1414 by fire but it has been re-constructed. There are a lot of monuments in this abbey and people were buried in it. Some of the inscriptions on the tombs have been translated There is only one round tower in Sligo. It is situated in Drumcliffe. Most of it is knocked down. What remains standing is about 40 feet high. There is a castle in Sligo situated near the abbey. The castle was erected in 1245 but it was razed by O'Connor in 1295. It was rebuilt

1. Drumcliffee has two old ruins - a round tower whose remains are still to be seen and a monastery whose remains are gone. St.Colmcille built the monastery for himself and his monks when he resided there. He loved Drumcliffee because he says- "Dear to my heart also is Drumcliffee on Cuillen Strand. The Round Tower of which we are very proud, stands on the side of the Road to Sligo, above the village of Drumcliffee. The top has fallen off it and the stones were used to repair the Drumcliffee Bridge. Still a good bit of it still stands firm and strong as the first day with its little iron gate midway up and its long narrow windows. Old people tell me that the Irish people built close towers to hide themselves and the Sacred vessels from the Robber Danes. Others say they were sort of "outlooks" where the Irish people could see any invaders coming to their shore There is a tradition about our Tower - we are told that it is going to fall on a Red-haired woman. They say it was built in the Sixth Century.

The district around Ballymote is rich in ruins. The most important of these is Emlaghfad. Its name is derived from a boggy or marshy place and one has only to pay a visit there to realise how suitable is the name. The walls of the Abbey are now covered with ivy and lichen but these do not conceal the magnificent structure of a once great building. It has a high rectangular tower surmounted by smaller spires. Since the Abbey is on a height it is a very impressive building and adds to the old-world beauty of the town. A short distance from the town beside the graveyard of Carrananty [Carrownanty] is round tower. Tradition says that there is a king buried there and that the Round Tower is a monument erected to his memory.

stands was a place of some importance, as fairs and markets used to be held there, and moreover Assylinn was the ancient name of the parish of Boyle. It got its name from a man named O'Flynn, who was the first abbot of a monastery founded there by St. Colmcille, and from the "eas" or waterfall on the river Buaile near the place. There are the ruins of an old church, which was founded by St. Colmcille, in Assylinn graveyard. Some years ago the remains of a round tower were traced here. It is a very uneven graveyard and slopes towards the east. Many trees of different kinds grow in Assylinn graveyard, but Cloverhill is bare only for the trees that grow on the bank surrounding it. Many tomb-stones are to be seen in Assylinn, but in Cloverhill there is just one solitary stone-cross erected over the victims of the Great Famine. In Assylinn many people are buried within the ruins of the old church and beside its walls. Some of the trees growing in Assylinn are as

Lynally is about four miles from Tullamore. St Colman Elo was the St of Lynally. He built a monastery there and there was a round tower about one hundred yards from the monastery and there was a tunnel leading from the monastery to the round tower. When the enemy came the monks went over to the round tower through the tunnel. There is an old graveyard there and there is a moat there also. There is money and precious articles supposed to be at the moat and a black cat minding them and there is a life lost before the money can be got.

it called St. Patricks Well. There are a number of tombs and celtic crosses in it. There is a vault in the graveyard in which the Fitzgeralds were buried. The church is so old that nobody remembers mass to be said in it beaucse the roof was taken off it by the Cromwellians. There are a few beech trees in the graveyard.

There is only one graveyard in our parish. The name of it is Killmacamog graveyard. All the people of the district are still being buried in it. The shape of it is square. There is the ruins of an old church in it. There is also another graveyard in the parish of Parke and the name of it is Turlough graveyard. There is a round tower and the ruins of and old church in it. The church was built in the year of the ten hundred and twenty five. St. Patrick is supposed to have visited the graveyard because there is a well in

and put them together and the bull got up and went home, Then St Patrick went towards the Reek and the people after him and when he got to the top the devils were there. He got his bell and fired it at them and he put two into Cor na báidhre, two in to log na nDesmhan, and two into loc na Currac. They are there ever since. Loch na Coire. St Patrick brushed the dogs hair back for it was growing towards their head before and it is growing

There is a round tower in Meelick graveyard. It was built in olden times. This tower is situated one mile from Meelick church. It is circular in shape and it is the same width from bottom to top. It stands about fifty feet in height. There is a door about fifteen or twenty feet from the ground which

There is a graveyard in Aughagower. I is a very old graveyard. There are no people buried in it at all now. The ruins of an old church and round Tower are still to be seen. Long ago there was great thunder and lightning and it swept the top of the round tower and carried it half a mile away and turned it into a limekill on the top of Cluan da

which were sufficient for the making of it. He made four scibs each day and at the end of a week he tied all the scibs together, put them on his back and went round to all the houses selling them. He got one and sixpence for each one. Those he did not succeed in selling in the neighbouring villages he took to the fair next day and sold them there. He could also make baskets. He got one and tenpence for every basket. He made his living making these things. When he started getting the Pension he did not make any more. He is still living and is called "Tommie Thresher" as a nick-name. He sometimes got an ounce of tobacco for baskets. The above was obtained from the children's parents.

coil while another makes the rope. Lime is still burned in lime kilns. Most people have kilns in which they burn their lime. In the bottom of the kiln they put a layer of turf and then a layer of broken stones and every second layer until the kiln is filled. Then fire is set to these and turf and stones are added to the fire until the kiln is filled with lime. Some burn them with cock which is much like coal. There is a man living in Beaugh which is in the Polredmond district whose name is William Fleming. He burns many lime-kilns during the year. He supplies the best growers with lime. He burns about fifty barrels of lime each year and gets much money for them. In Lisheen in Glenamaddy parish there is a weaver whose name is Mr. Burke. He lives alone in a little thatched house. He is a man who never got married. He weaves thread into flannel and where he weaves it is called a loom. He makes quilts and blankets and he weaves much flannel in the day. He charges two or three pence a yard. The flannel he weaves wears much longer than what is bought in the shop. Weavers are very scarce nowadays. Tommie Comer who was also a weaver was there first. There lived in Buoyenagh a man named Thomas Collins who made scibs. Buyenagh is also in the Glenamaddy Parish. When a person wanted a scib they would give the maker a supply of rods

the thread and wove it on the bag. Long ago the people made their own dyes. Copperas of various colours could be bought cheaply in the shops and this the mixed with berries of the same kind. They boiled the mixture in an old sauce-pan they had for the purpose and which they called the "Dye Saucepan." It made very good dye but did not keep the colour so long as the dye now-a-days. Also they gathered blackberries and boiled them. Then when they were boiled they strained them and boiled the garment in the juice. Houses were thatched with wheaten-straw or oaten-straw. Most houses are now slated but yet there are many thatched ones. First rods were pulled in October and left to season for a week or two. Then they picked the small rods out. From the big ones scollops were made. Then they pulled straw and straightened it to make bobbons. They used the scollops for binding the straw on the roof of the house. The bobbons were to (use) finish the comb on the top of the house They made ropes from horse's hair, canvas bags, straw and hay. They are still made from most of these. A canvas bag is cut up with a sheares and the pieces are then rolled and twisted and made into totes. Those made from hay, straw and horse hair are made into a coil. Then somebody catches one end of the

Long ago there were many types of industry carried on locally but now not as much. Candles were made from wax and sheep's tallow, and soap was also made from sheep's tallow. The men made baskets, scibs, and cleeves. These they made from rods and also straw mixed with rods. For baskets they got seasoned rods and boiled them in a pot. Then they peeled them and were ready for use. Strong ones were then got and they worked the smaller ones on these and formed the basket. They also made the handle and lid from the same meterial. The scibs and cleeves were made in this way. First of all the hoop of a herring barrel was got. Then they got four thick rods and fastened them together, and then thin ones were woven in and out. Spades, gates, ploughs, and fire-cranes were made in forges but now very few are made. Spinning and weaving were (calle) carried on very much and yet in some places. When a person wanted a blanket they got the best wool from the sheep. This they teased and oil was put on it. Next it was carded into rolls. Then it was spun on a spinning wheel and afterwards twisted. It was then sent to the weaver to be woven into blankets. They also spun for stocking, jumpers and cardigans. Some people make rugs out of bags. They spun

while its being made. When its made they weave the churn-dash around the churn to bless the milk and the butter. Long ago when May Day came the people gathered all the dirt from between the cow's hooves. This they put under the straw which the cow was going to eat. When the morning came butter was found in place of the dirt. On May day also if the cow was lying down when she rose all the flowers that were growing under her were gathered and put under the churn while the churning was making. The old people say that this protected the butter from being stolen. If the butter went from the cows the people said it was the fairies who brought it. Either nobody gave away milk after the cow calved until they first made a churning. One day a man went into a house while a churning was being made and brought out a coal. He left the coal under a bush and when the woman went to gather the butter it was gone. Afterwards she got the butter under the bush where the coal was left. If your cow had no milk and if you went out in the neighbour's field where the cow would be lying. If you took a bit of grass from under her and put it under your own that would give her milk. Bread is made with buttermilk and is also drank. The above imformation was got from the children's parents.

The Moneen fort is also a circular one. It was never interfered with and bushes grow thick in it. One night, about twenty years ago, Mick Roche of Pollredmond was coming home from the mill between one and two o'clock. He saw something flying out of the fort and away the air. It was like a large bag being carried with the wind but it grunted like a pig. When he came as far as Williamstown, he found that Father Fallon, the Parish priest had been knocked off his horse and killed on the same road as he had come about an hour earlier that night. The horse had been frightened by something strange, like what Mick Roche saw later on, crossing the road in front of him.

About forty years ago, Judy Kearns was visiting in Croaghill. As she was accustomed to pay a visit to each house in turn before leaving, she did not feel midnight falling on her. She was to go home with man named Thomas Kelly, however; who was staying in Leatra at the time. When they were passing by the fort, they saw a man, dressed in white, standing by the old whitethorn on the grave. They began to gallop and did not stop till they reached Leatra. Judy did not stay so late in Croaghill again for many a year. From this fort, three others can be seen, one in Brierfort on Beirne's land, another in Croaghill on Rabbit's land and one in the village of Moneen. The one on Rabbit's land is a circular one with four or five ditches and deep dykes between them. Both ditches and dikes are overgrown with moss and briers. Music was often heard out of this fort. One night my father was coming past the fort late. He thought he heard a sound of music out of the depth of the fort. He listened for a while but was disappointed when he heard no more.

One evening last November right well I do remember. We had frost and snow together and the weather it was cold And I being young and airy I sped just like a fairy Across icy dykes and ditches till I went to Brackloon more. Where a dance was lately published and there came a first rate piper And the colleens being so pretty they induced me there to go. So in the best of form I went into the barn And I saw some pretty girls from Brackloon and Knockroe. I stood in contemplation as to where I could get seated.

Sure the light is fading fast and I'm thinking of the past: As I'm sitting with my darling by my side. She's and old and wrinkled dame, but I love her just the same As the sunny day she came to be my bride. I think I see her now with a smile upon her brow As she vowed she would be mine for every more. I had no lands or pastures wide but I took her home with pride To the Cabin with the roses round the door. That is the dear old Cabin, 'tis my own old Cabin It is my home around my native shore I can yield my native sigh, I have lived and I will die In the Cabin with the roses round the door.

if it is examined closely, red hair can be seen on it. When St. Caimin saw what the workmen had done he would not let them finish the tower. There is a holy wel on the island which is called "Our Lady's Well". The shape of this well is round, and there is a hole in the side of it into which people put offerings when they come to visit the well. When the Danes came to plunder the island they took the bell of St. Caimin's Church. When they were putting the bell into the boat the tongue of the bell fell out and dropped in the water. The water was very deep, so the Danes could not get out the tongue. It is said that the bell rings every seven years on the 25th March. The Danes brought the bell to Killaloe where it is to be seen yet in the Protestant Cathredal in Killaloe. Inniscealtra was a pagan sanctuary before Christianity came to Ireland. MacCreiche who

be the first to erect one. The grandest music you ever heard used to be heard Kilcross graveyard until a protestant was buried there. Then the music stopped and it was never heard again. There are a lot of people buried outside the parish such as in Rath, Barefield, Cill na Móna and in a lot of other places.

Cloughoughter is another round tower in the middle of the water. Devenish Island is another old building in Fermanagh.

A Round-Tower Outside Clones, there is the crumpled ruin of a round-tower. Near the top is a small window. It is said that when the people of Clones saw the Danes coming., thy ran and hid valuables - books ang gold Chalices here, and as these savage barbarians had no ammunition they could not enter the Tower. Near the Tower stand the ruins of a monastery and Church. The foundation of the monastery is still to be seen. It is said to have been founded by St. Tighernach, and it is commonly believed that when the last stone of this monastery falls, the end of the world will be near.

One night about forty years ago my Grandfather, John Gallagher of Rathneeny Barr, was coming from a place called Screen. It was about eleven o’clock. Coming up to a place called Doghertys all the heard voices and music. He stood to listen but could not hear what was being said. Suddenly the whole place lit up and he could plainly see a host of little people running and racing back and forth. They didn’t stay long enough in one position for him to see their features. He stood on the road watching into the field too astonished to move. They seemed to be dancing. he watched for about haft an hour. He was afraid to move lest he would go astray as often heard it said that faries would would lead you astray. In the middle of the dancing the lights went out and all was as it was before. My Grandfather always said there were faries in Ireland but no ghosts.

The Round Tower of Kells is situated at the western part of the town. It is (belived) believed to be one hundred feet high and is a perfect specimen of workmanship as it is well preserved, although it was built many hundred years ago. There is only one entrance, a doorway which is placed about four feet from the ground. There are five windows at the top, the reason given for that number is that they looked out on the five roads by which the town is approached. In the inside there are several stone ledges which enabled a watchman to ascend by means of a ladder which he placed on a platform, this ladder he carried up from one ledge to another till he reached the top. Some writers say the Tower was used as a belfry others say it was used as a fortress, but the general belief is that it was erected and used as a Watch Tower.

The Round Tower stands in Canon Street in Kells. It is in Kells Parish and in the barony of Upper Kells. We read in books that it was built in the tenth century when the Danes came to rob Ireland, but old people say it was built by the Druids. It is said that the Gobán Saor and his wife built it in three days and three nights. There is also another story told about it. That a fairy built it with an apron full of stones on one night. It is also said whoever rubs her skirt to the wall of the Round Tower will never leave Kells. There is also a well underneath the Tower and it is said that some day it will spring up and drown all Kells. In 1798 when the croppies came up from Wexford to help the Meathmen one of them ran up Canon Street and he was caught and without trial he was hanged from a cart near the Round Tower. Murtagh O'Melaghlin, an Irish Prince hid in the Tower for three days and three nights and after the thrid night he as caught and killed.

The landlord of Prospect was John Cardan of Barnane. When the rent was to be paid he wrote to Woodward's and the told them the day he would be at Prospect to collect the rent. The Woodward's informed the people of the district. On that certain day the tenants would meet Bardan at Woodward's and hand him their money. Headach was the landlord of Knockmacartan

Fifty years ago the first train came through Barnesmore gap. Long before the train was due to arrive at Loughesk Station old and young had gathered from all parts to witness what was to them a great event. They were all excited as they heard her approach the bend and as the engine came in sight some of them took fright and ran away, but the more corageous men and women to get a better view got up on a fence. Before the engine stopped she blew a shrill blast. This was too much for the excited crowd and at the sound of the whistle most of them fell backwards. Others took to their heels and ran off as fast as they could and some of them I are running yet.

She is to be seen when two people in one village are dead. She usually has a light in her hand, and is seen coming on the road from the dead person's house, and always crying. She is dressed in white and comes to the house where the person is dead. She makes a great noise and sometimes knocks at the door making a great rattle. When she is heard the people put their backs to the doors till the noise is gone away. When a person is dead if there is a light seen the people say that the person is going to Heaven. If there is a "Bean Sidhe" seen, it is said that the person is going to Purgatory. If there is a light seen the people say that the person is going to Heaven. They say that a light is the best, to see when a person is dying .

to leave the funeral pass, but no-body else could see it. So after a time he got sick and apparently died and he was dead for I think about twelve hours when he rose up on the table again to the great surprise of everybody, and he went about his work as usual, but not so healthy as he was before. He could see a man or a beast at the far off side of Shehy mountain or he could see into the homes of Tipperary or Waterford and tell you what the people were doing there, and he used see lots of people that were dead and buried and he was also gifted in many ways. The Parish Priest of Dunmanway heard all about him and I suppose he thought it was all fiction. So when He held His station in one of the local farm houses around here, and when all was over he asked was Pádraig na bPucaí here, and Pádraig answered yes, and He asked him was he in[?] the other side, and he said yes, and then he asked him what did he see there, or did he see heaven or hell, and he said yes. Then the Priest asked him what was heaven like, and he said he could not give him much of an idea of what heaven was like, it was such a beautiful place all like shining gold.

James Stack an N.T. Brosna, that it has the same shape and dimensions as St Patrick's. The French Priests found that the mound of green cultivated land (the moats) corresponded with their map but the surrounding district had been cultivated Their map was shaded around the mound & did not correspond with district as it is now and was then. However, we know that the land about was a bog & that it has been cut away, as the name Brown Bog still survives. Mr. Stack remembers to see turf or peat cut in the field south of the 'Moats'. The priests were not sure, but they said it was either at Knocknagoshel or Brosna which at the time combined to make the Brosna parish. Cnocán na mBuacaillí: This is situated in Tadg Downey's land, Laughvalla: it got its name from the fact that it was the scene of a great faction fight between the Lanes and the Curtins. The opposing parties met here & indulged in some rough "black thorn play". The battle raged hot and furious but the Lanes gained the day & the Curtins retreated. As the Curtins were retreating to Guiney's Bridge they met a party of 50 men coming to their aid but they advised them to return and wait for another day. Reidys came from Cove to help the Lanes. Told by John Reidy 70 years to Tade Lane Brosna over 25 years ago

Long ago a man was coming from Inch and a ball was thrown out over the ditch and the man kicked it in. It came out three times and he kicked it in and all the fairies jumped out and told him that he should play with them every night or else die. He played with them and he knew all their plans. He asked a friend of his where would she be buried and she told him in Clonpriest. He answered "You will not because you will get 2

And yet there's nothing fighting for Like the gallant Irish race It will burst like sunshine to the rest And joys to they will bring. And Irish boys on that night recalled Poor exiled Irish men. The following song was composed by Pat Stynes an exile in Australia who sent it to his sister is St. Patrick's Street, Boyle: The Plains of Boyle. I Farewell to Boyle, to lakes and all

Stories

William Condon, the hero of the foregoing, was born in Anglesboro' in the year 1840. He was a shoemaker by trade. In 1867 he joined the Fenian movement. For many years after '67 he annually on 31st March headed a pilgrimage of the Mountain Foot Boys to Kilclooney Wood (the scene of ONeill Crowley's death) and he erected a wooden cross on the spot where Crowley stood and returned the fare of the soldiery. Condon was the life and soul of the Land League Movement in Anglesboro' district and, quite early in the agitation, he was arrested and sent to Kilmainham gaol where he spent a considerable period. The late Charles Stewart

Hallow Eve. Hallow Eve which takes place on the thirty-first of October fell on a Monday night this year. This is a great night for the children and of course there is no word about a lesson on this night as the next day is always a holiday the first of November and they can learn their lessons on this day. This is a great night for the children playing games the following are some of them They tie a string around an apple and hang it out of the roof or out of a clothes line if it is in the house then they swing the apples ans who ever catches the apple first wth their mpuths without putting their hands near it can keep it to eat. Another game they play on this night is they get four saucers and put them on a table they put water in one of the saucers, clay in naother, beads in another and a ring in another. The Children then put a cloth on their eyes and tie them in the

Hallow Eve. Hallow Eve fell on a Monday ngt this year. On Sunday my mother bought three dozen of two penny apples and two pounds of nuts. When Monday night came there were divided each of us got from apples and a half and a quater pound of nuts. These are the games we played. We got a basin of water and let an apple into it. Then each of us got a trial for see which wuld catch it our mouth without using our teeth. Another game was to hang up an apple and catch it your mouth and take a bit out of it. This is the game I enjoyed the best four saucers is got. clay is put in one , a ring in another beads in another, and water in another. Next four peoples eyes are blinded and they go to the place where the saucers are, which ever of them put their hands in the water will go across the sea first which ever of them put their hands in the ring will get married first, which ever of them puts ther hand in the clay will die first, which ever ever of them put tehir hands in the beads will be a nun first

and if it is a boy he will be priest. Another game is dallog it is played in this manner; some persons eyes are blinded and left in the middle of the floor all the rest of the children run about and the blind person tries to catch them who ever is caught first is fool. On that night there is always bozty, pancakes and pratybread for the supper which is thought to be a great treat. By Kathleen A McPartlin Meeneymore N.S.

There are not many streams only the two dividing Clonshanny from the others townsland.

My Home District is Clonshanny and Rahan. There are sixteen families in Clonshanny. There aer sixty seven people living in Clonshanny. Minnock is the most common name in Clonshanny. There are more thatched houses in Clonshanny than slated. Clonshanny got its name because there was foxes living in it. There are five people over seventy living in clonshanny. Non of them can talk Irish, but they can tell stories in English. The names of the five people aer Mike Minnock, Peter Egan, Jack Connor, Mrs Connor, and Jimmy Fletcher live in Clonshanny, Clara Offaly is thieir address. A great many of them emigrated to America. Clonshanny is not mentioned in any song or saying. The land is mixed of every kind. There is no wood growing in Clonshanny. There is one river, the Brosna and no lakes.

Ballyhalwick The land of the O Chelvey's. The O Chelvey's must be the landlords of it. Nead-an-Fhiadh This means the nest of the deer. Because it was a great place for deer long ago. The people used be in court very often from this ploughland long ago and the Justice called it Nead-an-Díol which meant the neat of the devil This is . situated two miles from Dunmanway. Gort-na-Muclach This means the field of the piggeries, Fanlobus This is the slope of St. Lobbus. Gearán-Bán This means a white old nag. This is a rock. Drom-Eirc This means the ridge of Circ. Gurteensowney Is the little field of the heavy sleepers. Droicead-an-[?] This means the bridge of the wilds because there are wilds above and below the bridge. Diríns It means the land of the black thorns. Caoc-a-Gabha. This is called to a number of fields in the

Long ago there lived a man during the famine of 1846. They were very poor poeple who lived in a cottage about a quarter of a mile to the east of my house. It was situated on the top of a hill. His father died of sickness, and he had no means of carrying his corpse to the graveyard, which was about three or four miles distant from his house, but on his back. He had not gone far when he had to cross an old stony fence which was covered with briars. When he was

Ni truimide an luch an lachain Ní truimide an cath ar éinne Ní truimide an caoire colainn Agus ní truimide an colainn ciall.

About fifty years ago, a man whose name I am unable to find lived in Buncrana where he committed many murders. At that time the doctors in Glasgow gave five pounds for a dead body for experimental purposes, to try new cures for illnesses. This man used to ask children to come in for apples and they would never be seen again. He would kill each child and put it in a box as if it were eggs. He put a row of eggs on the top of the child's body and say, "Here goes a free passage to Glasgow". One day he took in a little girl for apples. He took her up stairs to see the apples, and was about to murder her when his wife came and said that the child's mother was coming. The man was found out and the judge said, Here goes a free passage to Van Damien's Land

The first school on this site was erected in 1836 by the La Touche family who had considerable properly in the neighbourhood. It was opened as a N.S. (Roll No 1409) on 1st August 1836. John Alexander La Touche was manager from 1836 to 1892. Very Rev Dominick M Breen P.P.V.F. Manager 1892-1908 Very Rev Patrick Finegan P.P.V.G. Manager 1908-1910, Bishop of Kimore 1910-1951. Very Rev Charles Flynn P.P.V.G. Manager 1910-1915 Very Rev Francis McKiernan P.P.V.F. Manager 1915-1936 (26/11/36) Present School erected (1914-1916) Roll number 16,244 Opened 3rd January 1916 Very Rev John OReilly P.P.V.F Manager 1936- Ross Mahon 1st Principal 1836-1873 Daniel Meehan Principal 1873-1900 Philip McTeigue Principal 1900- In 1873, on the resignation of Ross Mahon a dispute arose between the Parish Priest, V Rev T Brady and the manager Mr J.A. La Touche regarding the appointment of a successor. Mr La Touche appointed Mr Moran Leitrim. Father Brady objected to the appointment as Mr Moran had been trained in Marlborough Street Training College. The dispute lasted some months the children were withdrawn from the school by order of P.P. In the end an agreement was come to. Mr Moran left and Dan Meehan who had been teaching in Mayo N.S. for some time was appointed Principal.

The 23rd of October both simple and sober, I went down to Newport, to sell an old cow, To that fair of renown, which is held in the town Called the Bullock fair day, which the whole of you know 2 verse The morning being shrill, I felt rather ill, Myself and my comrade, went down to John Ryan's Who kept a nice shop, and a beautiful drop. Like the dew in the morning, that sparkles and shines 3 verse We had two pints of stout, 'twas then we walked out, We said 'twas too early to take any more, For fear we'd get tight, and blind drunk before night, As it happened to many in Newport before. 4 verse 'Twas than half past eight, when I thought 'twould come wet, Such numbers of people, I ne'er saw before, They were there from Murroe, Ballina, Killaloe, Castleconnell, Birdhill and likewise Cappamore. From Tour and Fidane, Ballinahinch and Gurtshane, The Mines , Killoscully, Chrishana and Glown, Foilduff and Curreeney and Barnadomeeny, The Milestone, Kilcommon, Coolmore and Loughisle. 5 verse They all came in flocks, with their new Sunday frocks

I Ye feeling hearted Christians, I hope you will draw near And listen to those mournful lines I am going to let you hear Concerning nine fine fisherman Whose loss we all deplore Who sank beneath the wave in Lacken Bay We will never see them more II On the 28th of October the evening it was fine They left their homes in Lacken For to fish upon the Brine To fish upon the Brinie sea Those men so tried and brave And its little was their notion They'd be slumbering in the wave III But the night got dark and stormy

When St. Munn and St. Mannon lived at Kilmannon, one day St. Munn was going to celebrate Mass and St. Mannon was his Server. There was no water on the Altar and St. Munn was of a hasty temper and he gave a very determined look at St. Mannon, who rushed out to find a well where there is only a big stone at present and in his hurry he forgot to bring anything to carry the water. He dropped on his knees and said "God help me, what shall I do" At that moment a bell dropped on the stone, unknown to anyone where it came from. Its mark is there for anyone to see. St. Munn came to see what was keeping St. Mannon and the bell rang on the stone. The two Saints carried it full of water into the church. The land-lord of the land was Harvey of Bargy Castle, and he claimed the bell and took it home. It is said this bell is still in Bargy Castle. Some time after a woman brought clothes to was in the well and before her eyes the well moved to the next field with a circle of candles lighting round it, and left no mark of its former position. No well

There was a landlord living near Letterfrack and his tennants liked him because he did not want much rent from them and he would not evict anyone. A man named MacDonal was an agent for another landlord and he tried to keep some land from Graham for his own employer. The cannon of Ballinakill parish asked him to settle the dispute without going to law but a Graham said he would not. That night his house went on fire and himself and his family left in the middle of the night. There was another

Three giants lived in Rockfield hundreds of years ago. One giant got killed d at the top of bnock na rar as he was cycling on a penny half penny bicycle towards Letterfrack. He tried to stop the bicycle but he could not stop it. When a man was cutting turf at cnock na rar he got the bones of that giant in his bog and he left them there, the bog is 400 yards from the road. Another giant threw a big stone from Letter hill to Diamond hill. There is a field owned by Peter Coyne where there is a stone and the shape of a giants foot is on that stone. It is in the field where the blessed well is and it is three hundred yds. beyond it. There is another (giant) stone in Gannons land that a giant threw from Letter hill I got this from my mother who lives in Moyard Sarah King

Once upon a time there was a wake near my mother's home in the Co Waterford. At Midnight there was a cry head outside the wake house. Two members of the household went out to see what it was and they saw the bean-sidhe standing near the window combing her hair. They came on her so quickly that she laid her comb on the window and went away without it. So they took it in. Next night when all was over and the people had gone to bed, the bean sidhe came to the window crying at about twelve looking for it. Next day they went to the Priest and he told them they never had a right to interfere with her. He told them to get a new spade and to put the comb on it and to leave it out on the window. They did so and in the morning they saw that nothing remained but the handle of the spade.

92 A woman was one day going through the fields with a child on her back. After a time she noticed the child chewing something She took it and saw that it was an elve stone which the fairies had thrown at the child

91 A Cure for a cow in the Fairies When a cow gets sick it often happens that the fairies are taking her. If such is the case the owner must get 9 elve stones. These stones are to be found in the ground but is pretty hard to get them. They are small and round like marbles with the tracks of fairy fingers on them. These elves stones should be put into a jug, with three half-pence and some chicken weed and the jug should be then filled with soft water. It should be left aside for a few hours and the liquid should be given to the cow. It has been known to cure many cows. The old people say that the fairies fire these little stones at each other in the night time when they are out playing and if they desire to bring any animal with them they hit it with one of the elve stones. One day a man was out mowing his hay and there was another man along with him. They sat down to rest and suddenly the man heard a dart or an elve stone buzzing by him. They searched round everywhere but they could not find the stone. Suddenly another one whizzed by them but they could not find it either. In times gone by there was a bag of these elves stones in every house to use as necessary.

Long long ago gold was found in the Wicklow hills and the people dug for it and made it into ornaments. Many of these ornaments were found throughout the country. In this neighbourhood a great find of gold ornaments was found by the men who were working on the Railway at Mooghane and are now to be seen in the Museum Dublin. Many of the pieces unearthed, however, are said to have been thrown into the Mooghane Lake and there they remain awaiting the day when someone will fish them out. I heard my father telling of a lady in North Clare. who said she was descended from one of the son's of Trad, and that her father had told her of a gold wand that was thrown into the Mooghane Lake, and that she heard also that two gold collars were taken to

The operator raises the bones or the "Cliathín" with his fingers using as much force as is required and giving the patient considerable pain. This seems now to be the chief modus operandi. But formerly he would press the "mouth" of an empty tumbler on the affected spot, heat the tumbler round about with a candle; and then jerk the tumbler sharply and suddenly away: The cleithín would spring into its right place and the patient would be cured. The Doctors pooh-pooh the whole thing but I know at least half-a dozen people who solemnly aver that they were cured by O'Hora.

bráthair páipéar agus peann lúaidhe dho agus d'iarr sé air dá meádhfhadh an páipéar an tarbh an mbheadh sé aca agus do cheaduig Crom Dubh do san. Thug Crom Dubh an tarbh isteach ins an gáirdín in áit na raibh an scála. Chuir sé an páipéar agus an tarbh isteach ins an scála. Do mheádhaig an páipéar an tarbh. Annsan do mhairbh na bráithre an tarbh agus díol siad fheóil an tairbh agus bhí an t-airgead aca chun an Sáipéal do thógaint. Núair a chonnaic 'Crom Dubh' é sin d'iompaigh sé na Caitilicidhe an Domhnach dearnach se mhí Iúil agus sin é an cúis is go bhfuil an pátrún ann ó shoin.

One night about twenty years ago a man named Ned Murphy was coming from the Crossmolina fair. The evening was very wet and he went into a house on the side of the road. The woman of the house was a Protestant and they both began arguing over religion. The man was a very good Catholic and he fought very hard against the Protestant religion. He did not leave till about one o'clock in the morning. When he opened the door to go home he saw the Devil standing on the threshold. Then he knew he had said too much against the Protestant religion. He did not get a bit frightened at this but went on his way home. He did not go very far till he felt a very heavy load on his shoulder. It was so heavy that he was hardly able to walk. He had so much belief in God that he said the Devil could not kill him. He was a very brave old man and he said he would not be deceived. He looked back and there he saw the Devil sitting on his left shoulder.

First of all a tub is placed in the middle of a floor and it is half filled with water. A few apples are then thrown into it and a person's hands are tied behind his back and he dives into the tub. If he succeeds in catching the apple he is allowed to eat it. An apple is hung from the ceiling and a chair is placed beside the apple and the person goes around the chair twenty times with a stick and he should strike a certain corner of the chair and when he has gone around the chair twenty times he tries to strike the apple and if he does he may eat it.

Then the others come in and search everywhere to get the thimble. The person who finds the thimble will have the pleasure of hiding it next. We put two nuts in the fire with the name of a boy on one and the name of a girl on the other. If the nuts jump out the two will be married before next Hallowe'en. On Hallowe'en night the young fellows go about with false faces and old hats on them asking for boxty. If they get any they divide it among them. If they are refused they take the boxty. The fairies are supposed to be out on Hallowe'en night.

In olden times people ate two meals only and they consisted of potatoes. Potatoes were boiled early in the morning, piled on the table and were eaten with sour milk for breakfast and the same menu for the dinner and gruel for the supper. An old man named Paddy O'Sullivan who lives near me told me that he worked in Clounties cutting turf and a keeler of potatoes were taken out to the bog on a woman's head each day and eaten there. Late on he got better diet he had bacon twice a week and flour sauce as a substitute for meal.

They who shall be first shall be last, and the last shall be first. The help of God is nearer than the door. For the want of a nail a shoe was lost, for the shoe the horse was lost, for the want of a horse the rider was lost; all for teh want of a horse-shoe nail. Keep an article for seven years and its use will come. Whatever brawls disturb the street let there be peace at home. Where sisters dwell and brothers meet quarrels should never come. A bird in the hand is worth two in a bush. Catch a ball in the first hop. Youth must die and old must. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Never put of till to morrow what you can do to day. An earnest word is as good as a speech. Make the hay while the sun

Local Place Names. Mullane's field because the Mullanes owner it at one time. The ten acres, because the area of it is ten acres. A field in front of my house is called Mullanes because a man named Mullane owned it at one time. The cowhouse field:- because a cowhouse was in the field at one time, and the ruin is all that's left now in the field. The Hill field:- A big hill is in the field and it is sloped all around. The Ray:- Because a ray is a swampy muddy place with water running over it. Boirin na geartad:h- The muddy little road. Denis Lane got this account from his father. John Lane, Cloonties, Shanagolden, Age 45 years.

draw her head out. Old people say that if when milking cows, a person keeps singing, they will give more milk. After a cow calves, people scorch her udder with a blessed candle, and then they make the sign of the cross on her back with the candle. When a person wants a cow to move to one side, he says "Ceartaig". When calling farm animals, calls are used for each set of animals. The following are some of them:- For cattle :- Tueep, fueep, fueep. For pigs:- Doc, doc, doc. For sheep:- Shuin, shuin, shuin. For geese:- Baddey, baddey, baddey. For hens:- Chuck, chuck, chuck. Michael Mulvihill got the above from. Con Greaney, Mount David, Shanagolden, Age - 50 years.

bag was spread on the floor and the boiled potatoes placed on it. The household sat round the bag and consumed the potatoes. No forks or knives were used, but the fingers were brought into use. sometimes what is known locally as a sciath (or wickerwork skiff) was used instead of a bag. The potatoes were put into this, and then it was placed on top of a pot, in the middle of the kitchen floor. Tea was unheard of ninety years ago. Before the famine the population of Ireland was almost double what it is now, because they depended chiefly on potatoes for food. When the blight came and the potato crop failed, great numbers of people died of starvation. After the famine tea was brought into the country and bread became more common as a food.

opportunity of eating a square meal before the hard fast of Lent would commence. At one time this custom was in the nature of a feast and the meal consisted of meat, potatoes, followed by eggs, pancakes and milk. Old and young partook of it. A long time ago there was another custom practiced in the locality on this night also. Young men and girls, gathered together, and went round in procession playing music. They called at all the houses where there were bachelors and spinsters of marriageable age and ordered them mockingly to get ready and come to the sceilig. The members of the procession pretended that they themselves were on their way there. This custom has not been carried out in the district within living memory. Snap-apple Night. Snap-apple night is the night proceeding the 1st of November. It is so called because the children of each family play a game called snap-

I There was once a very old man who was living in the middle of a fort in Greenmount. He saw a little man with a red cat. He was always digging at the wall looking for gold. One bright night the old man saw the little man with the red cap taking bits of earth out of the hole and he went down to the river and washed the earth and turned into gold. He put it into a little bad and he went off to the fort at the top of the hill. He stuck his spade in the ground and left the gold in a safe corner. The old man was behind a tree and he watched the little man for a long time. Then the little man with the red cap went up on a tree and stayed there for the whole night. The old man was there for about two hours. The little man never came down till the morning and the old man went home and never came back again.

the poor, saved many from starvation, in this locality.

Halloween January 45 Each year Prepare a dish of mashed potatoes Among them hide little charms Such as six and three penny bits. The light must be put out, and young men and girls set to work with spoons to make discoveries. The finding of a ring means a marriage to the finder. The money means wealth, a heart death, a shell travel, a key means success, and a button a clear sign that the finder will never be married. Set two lighted candles over the fireplace and if they burn clear it means good luck. But if they smoke and splatter it means bad luck. If they burn in the ordinary way it means a share of good and bad luck.

Cromwell started from the Black Castle on his march to Castle Kelly where he hoped to kill Captain Kelly. His soldiers journeyed in two parties on each side of the Barrow. Those who journeyed on the west side followed the "Coach road to the Royal Oak. Here they branched for wells Ballytarsna, Chnocán na gcros, Bothan na stucán, Cilliubhir, to Castle Kelly.
Captain Kelly was gone when they reached his home. Then they journeyed to Gowran through Common Bog, Flagstone along the pike to Carrigin over by Carthy's across the river by Quinlens and they found Captain Kelly asleep under an ash tree in White field where they killed him.

The first stone house that was ever built in the Meentiaghs was built on a farm in Meenaduff.
The farm is in the possession of Hugh Barr, who is a local farmer residing in Meenaduff. Meenaduff is situated near the main road on the way to Clonmany. This house is called "Toigh Cloichaibh" or the "Stone House". It was built three hundred years ago. The ruins are there yet. It was built by a man called Micky Barr, who came from near Derry.

On November night long ago the xpeople used to have great fun. They used to go into a very dark room just on the stroke of midnight and try to peel an apple without breaking the skin. Their future husband or wife would appear in a mirror that was placed before them. Another of their tricks was to go around from door to door and the first man or woman's name they heard mentioned would be the person that were to marry.
They used to gather the best turnip, carrot or head of cabbage and throw them at the neighbours doors the reason for that trick was that the Irish people were generous to the poor and used leave the vegetables on the road for them. They used to go round a well three times each time picking up a stone and if there was a drop of water in the first stone he or she would be married within the space of one year, if the drop was in the second stone it would be two years before they got married, or if it was in the third stone it would be three years before they got married. If it was not in any of the stones they had to wait until the next November night. They used to fill a but or a bath with water and put apples and nuts into it. Every person that was present tried to take them out of the bath with their mouths.

The Famine affected this district greatly. The following account has been got from Mrs Michael Gowran, Knockaville, Parish of Kinnegad, who lives near the school.This district was very thickly populated before the famine times. Judging from all the sites of houses that I have been shown it must have been like a village in those days.
Mrs Gowran remembers hearing her father say that Jimmy Smythe lived across the road opposite her house and the only remains of his house now is a small bit of wall at a gap in a field now owned by Mrs Wm. Newman. There were in fact two houses under one roof and a a family named King lived in the other. There are no descendants of either family living now in the district. Very near these houses there was a huchster's shop owned by a man named Reddy, and between that and the present school there were several other houses.

Jack o'the Lantern
It is a light that appears in gallows or marshy land. In appearance it looks like a lantern in a distance. But when you try to follow it it keeps on moving so that you can never overtake it or solve what it really is. It is a phosperous light others say. There is also a story told about it. There was once a man and he was a blacksmith. But one day a man came into him

The holy or blessed well is situated on the right side of the road leading from Kill to Boatstrand. It is about a mile from Kill. It was there that the monks of Kilbeg used to get water and many people living near get it there still. The well is round and nicely built of stone. There are three steps leading down to it. It never runs dry and the water in it is always nice and cool to drink. There is a whitethorn bush overhanging it. It is thought that this bush is very old. You would often see pieces of cloth hanging from this bush. The reason for this is that sick people used to come in the early morning and used to go round the well reciting the rosary and used to be cured. They used to leave something after such as a string or a pin or something else. It is a very strange well because when you stand on the brink and say "boil, boil, blessed well" it bubbles up immediately. It is said that there was once a trout in it and that if you tried to boil water with him in it that you could not. Once someone brought him home in a bucket of water and put the water into the kettle without noticing the trout. They tried to boil the water but in vain so they poured they poured the water from the kettle into a bucket.Then they noticed the trout. Some people say that if you throw three flags of stone into the well

Raftery's Burial
Raftery died in Cloonans in Laught a village about two miles north of Craughwell. It was on Christmas he died. He died in a barn belong[ing] to the Cloonans where they used to keep lodgers who were going from house to house. When the people brought him to Killeeneen the grave was dug before them and old man from Killeeneen named Terry Turey held the candles while the people buried him. It was in the evening when he was buried and it was dark and that is the reason were lighted when he was buried. The evening was very cold but the candles did not quench because there are ivy trees in the graveyard and they sheltered the candles. The people were poorer that time than they are now and that is the reason there's not such a good head-stone over Raftery's grave. Told by Patrick Kelly, Caherdine, Craughwell, age 58 yrs.

In 1725? Diarmud Stutha Mc Carthy robbed the Bank in Kinsale. He turned the shoes on the horses hooves, and came to Castlelack via Innishannon, Brinny and Kilmore, He is said to have lived in a house that stood where the wide dyke is on the North side of the road from Kilmore to upper Castlelack - He went into his house in Kilmore, and while inside he heard the horses hooves, and saw the red rounding the bend at Hills. He then fled back through the fields and broke out on the road again at Briar Hill Cross - There was a cottage standing then where the gate of Matt Good's field is near the Creamery is now - And Diarmud got shelter from the old woman there who threw a bundle of furze down on him - when the soldiers came to the house, they never saw him under the furze, and went away. The old woman watched them go, and then, turned in, and said "They'r gone-" The soldiers saw her gesture, and came back and caught him. He was hanged in Kilpatrick He said in Irish when he was dying where the gold is buried "Idir Srutainín na Leamhneacta agus Crois an Leanaibh". "Enough to make five parishes rich" - also "There is gold buried in Gurteen Ronán (Matt Good's fort) "Nil Líos an Farainn follamh" (McDonnell's fort) The gold in Líos an Farrainn was dug for by several people.

of His hands and feet. When the robin tried to pull the nails he made his beak crooked and also he touched his breast against Our Lords hand and the mark of the blood was on his breast ever since. That is the reason people do not like to kill or hurt the robin.

In olden times the Bean Side was supposed to be heard wailing near the homes of certain families when any member of the family had died. Old people in the country say the Bean Side usually follows families whose names start with the letter Ó. There is an old saying that years long ago certain families paid old women to caoin over their dead relatives and that is the reason why the Bean Side is supposed to follow those particular families. The Bean Side is usually out at night when the place is quiete. She is supposed to be very small, dressed in white and long white hair. The Bean Side is not much spoken of by the present generation as they do not believe that such ever existed, as they are more enlightened now than they were in olden days. When O Neill was with his companions in the North he heard a Bean Side and he said his hour had come. His companions never thought that Roun[?] O Neill believed in the Bean Side. When his companions went home Owen Roun[?] went home also. He died some hours after. It is said that she is seen also in St. Stephen's graveyard and other places. Once upon a time there was a wealthy family living in a castle near Kilmanahan named Dunmore. It was deserted for a long time and no people lived there. One night

about the middle of Autumn there was a party of men passing by the castle. They heard a fearful groan near the castle. The groan seemed to come nearer and nearer but the men took no notice of it. The party of men were coming from the fair, of Fethard and at last the groan came louder and louder but the men could see no one. Suddenly the voice went over towards the castle and went around the back. One of the men went over to the back of the castle and he found a tiny woman combing her hair. Immediately the figure disappeared into the castle the groan stopped and was never heard no more for a long time. If anybody finds a piece of a comb and keeps it the bean Side will come to him at night and stay caoining outside the window. When dogs hear the bean Side at night they start to bark. One day a man saw the bean Side in the daytime and she was combing her hair. Her cry is believed to be a far warning of death. The bean Side would come four time before the person is dead.

you no harm. I'm very grateful to you and you have helped me greatly.
"How"? said Flynn. Tonight said the stranger there will be one of the greatest battles ever fought in Ireland. The war is on between the hosts of Lah Wow and Lah Chuinn and on the result of tonight the fate of Ireland depends. If the northern half wins, Ireland will gain her freedom and be independent for ever, but if the southern half wins Ireland will be in slavery for centuries to come. Before sunrise her fate will be decided. "How am I to know said Flynn You won't come back to tell me. "No I won't come back" said the stranger but come out here outside the door. Then Flynn saw before him in the light of the harvest moon one of the tallest men he ever saw. He had a sweet smiling face over his great beard and his wrists seemed as stout as the smiths [thighs?] The Smiths wife had a spread of white linnen on the [after] grass of the

4. There was a school in Sillaheen about 170 years ago. The teachers name was John Crawford. He was a native of Modeligo and he lived with his cousin there. The children had school in the daytime and he had classes for the working men and women at night.

Bhí fear ag imtheacht thart fadó oidhche amháin. Bhuail sé isteach a dteach. D'iarr sé deoch ar bhean an tighe. Dubhairt sí nach raibh aon uisge istigh. "Bíodh uisge istigh chuile oidhche eile agat ar mhaithe leat féin," adeir sé. Nuair a d'éirig an bhean ar maidin chonnaic sí pláta fola leaghtha ar an mbord agus nóta beag go pháipéar leagtha lé n-a thaobh. Bhí sé ráidhte san bpáipéar gur as an mbean a bhain sé an fhuil.

Nuair a báineas an coirce, caitfidh tu súiste a fághail agus an choirce a bhualadh. Caithfidh tu an tuighe a charrainge annsin le clúdach a chur ar a gcruaich.
Caitfidh siad an chruach a déanamh agus agus an clúdach a chur air Caithfidh tú córran a fághail agus na sugáin a casad annsin. Béadh duine ag casadh na sugan is ceann eile ag leigint. Caitfidh tú cailleach mór sugán a casadh le chur thart ar a gcruaich.

Will you come to my old habitation
Adjacent to Lough Allen's shore In the midst of a pleasant plantation Where song birds their melodies pour. Where Summer is pleasant and cheery Where Winter is terristrial bliss In vain would you seek through Free Erin A scene more endearing than thisI will show you the Shannon's expansion Lough allen with islands so bright And Doctor Mc Gauran's fine mansion An Eden of sylvan delight Tis the land of the proudest achievement Adorning the page[?] of the post Tis the land of the saddest bereavements Where beaten and broken at last Where the wail and the weak and the holy Where wafted afar on the gale And every hill has a story And every hollow its tale

with him. Lynch was killed in Kildare four or five years after Ballinamuck. How he met his death we do not know.
How he came to be in Kildare we do not know. Some say he went to be in the Emmet Rising. Others say he went to the Curragh Races, with his famous grey mare to compete with another racer named "Miss Grizzle". I know that there was a pony song about Lynch's famous grey mare that lost all her thousands on the plains of Kildare, and before I'm through with this book I hope to get scraps of it if not it all. As Horse Racing is in my mind just now there was also a song about "Carrols Mare at Ballenamuck". Whether it was one of the Carolls of this area or one of the branch at Lurga Bridge beyond Mahill I am not able to tell. I am leaving the next page for further information about the White Captain.

In spite of years, again he wears
The tinge of rosy youth That heart of man can neer grow cold That loves the simple truth.(11) Pat Moore was getting eloquent His stories growing long. Jack Soggart fell across the fire The booze was mighty strong. They took him up and off to bed They bore him poor honest Shawn As Denis Lane was singing, Long and loud, the Luiskeen Lawn. (12) Jim Nolan and Tom Terry danced Old Irish jigs and reels A maze of graceful motions Beating time with toe and heels What fun it is to follow With our eyes, their flying feet In shuffle, treble, trips and thrill And hornpipe complete. (13) Old Affey wants some temperate drink Dick Nash that gives it out And Affey smacks his lips and says "Tis strong, oh, 'tis, no doubt."

what a joyful heart she had. She filled it in her old apron, brought it home and put it into a big chest in the room. And she covered it with a stone. How and ever the husband came in and they had the supper and went to bed. In the morning they got up "John," says Mary, "we are rich for ever." "How is that?" says John. and she told him all about the night before. She brought him up and told him to look in the chest and see all they had. Right enough he lifted it and what was in it but gold leaves off an oak tree, Well that finishes my night's stories to you so good night and God Bless ye all for lending me ye'r ears.

what a joyful heart she had. She filled it in her old apron, brought it home and put it into a big chest in the room. And she covered it with a stone. How and ever the husband came in and they had the supper and went to bed. In the morning they got up "John," says Mary, "we are rich for ever." "How is that?" says John. and she told him all about the night before. She brought him up and told him to look in the chest and see all they had. Right enough he lifted it and what was in it but gold leaves off an oak tree, Well that finishes my night's stories to you so good night and God Bless ye all for lending me ye'r ears.

About two miles from Dunmore East there is a spot known as the Fairy Bush. Long ago a pilot named John Glody piloted a ship from Dunmore East to Passage East. On his way back by road he had to pass the Fairy Bush. This night at about twelve o'clock when he was passing it, he saw a priest. Glody said, "Good night Father", but got no answer. The next night he saw the priest again, and again saluted him, but again received no answer. He went and told the Parish Priest of Dunmore, and asked him to go with him on the third night to the Fairy Bush. They went and they saw the(y) priest, and the Parish Priest spoke to him and asked him what his trouble was. He told him that he had left one Mass unsaid while he was on ea()th, and that he could not get anyone to answer it. The Parish Priest then told him that Glody

The Pipe of Clay
In the village of Corgave there were many houses long ago + also in the village of Porthmorris a ruthless landlord named Pollock gothessession + immediately afterwards excited those tenants who had to go to the bogs + mountains and the greater number is the immigrant shift. Their houses were tumbled down the fences ere leveled to the ground also this converting those hobby villages of youth + beauty into ranches where the loving of cattle + heading of sheep took the place of the merry laughter of the people. Most of those lands were often qualify very wet. Four large houses fell of water are on the Corgave side. Pollock in draining the land could not get enough of stones for the shoes this engines found out that the clay in the lowe end of Corgave was oftencellant quality for higher he got an engine out to ke place + the clay was dug on and afterward being throughly missed by the houses of the engine it became very

The lived a man named Pat Walsh in Treenabountry. One day he was in a house in Polranaghan where there was a girl ill. This girl was getting no better nor wors. The man said that she was a fairy and that the right girl had been taken away. The man told them to get a bottle from the blacksmith and to give it to the girl to drink and that if she was a right girl she would be better then next day and that if she was a fairy she would be dead. The people got the bottle of water and gave it to the girl and the next day she was dead. The neighbours went to the corpse-house and

About the year 1895 a regiment of soldiers of "The tenth Hussars" were stationed in Ballincollig. One evening a party of them visited Inniscarra graveyard. Seeing a very well kept vault they guessed that somebody of importance was interred there.
They opened the vault & discovered the coffin of a lady. They wrenched the coffin open. They found a quantity of valuable jewellery upon the corpse. They cut off a finger to obtain a valuable ring. They did not trouble to re-inter the coffin or the remains. They placed the former against an adjoining wall & fled from the churchyard. A few days later they were traced & punished . Some got terms of imprisonment, varying from five to seven years.The majority of the officers left the regiment, unable to stand local ridicule, for from that day onward's they were nicknamed the Bodysnatchers. The entire regiment was penalised. For years after they were compelled to do extra duty for an hour each evening.

my Lord you'll excuse me, but he said "Who's that old woman with the red bed curtain round her sitting up there". The court roared. "And what did you say" asked the judge looking a little uncomfortable. "I said, whisht ye spalpeen thats the ould boy that's going to hang ye.Michael Coyle
Hill of Slane

Mo shlán thar lear cun mná is fear
San áitreabh le chéile ó fhágaim se an Gaortha go Laoi Mo shlán cun mo cháirde ná feicim se in aon bhall 'Gus mo shlán chun an méid úd sa ChillMo shlán cun na h-abhann gan fonn gan file Mo shlán chun na Banndan go bhfuil an reamhar beac innti Mo chéad slán cun an teampuill ó árd a cloig-thig Agus mo slán cun gach staid bruinneall óg Is árd a bhíonn Venus nuair a téigheann sí cun síor rith Bíonn luaith readh na soillse 'na cló Saothar na naomh geal do deármadh san oidhche Gan stáitse, gan bíomna gan bórd.

At one time there was a great disaster in Bruckless. There were up to thirteen heads of families lost. One man only escaped with his boat. They were fishing herring for days before the disaster and on several occasions they were visited by a poor beggar woman. At times she wanted both fish and money. On this morning she was refused by all the parties but one fisherman. She left the shore displeased and went to that fisherman's house. It was a two roomed house. She called on the woman of the house to get her a tub of water and a dish. She got it set in the upperroom and went herself to the other room and started her spells. She called on the woman of the house to go and see how the dish was doing. The woman said to the old witch that the water was raging in the tub. She went on to the room again and later on she called the woman to visit the tub. The raging water of the tub was sending

About two years ago a Mermaid was seen on Lough Allen near Ballinaglera by two men. The priest in Ballinaglera preached about it and warned the people not to touch the lake as it was expected that someone would be drowned.

house. About two or three years ago there was a big rainstorm. At Termonfeckin the floods ran into the house. Animals were lost in the floods. The rain went through the roof and destroyed the furniture.

Bhí sean bhean i mBeannchor Iorruis agus nuair a bhíodh a cosa nigthe aici, thóigfeadh sí sméarthóid dearg as a teine agus chuireadh sí isteach san uisce salach e roimh é chaitheamh amach. D'abrodh sí paidir éicint le linn di sin a dhéanamh.67676767676767676767677676766767676767676767767676677676767676767676767676767676767676767676767776767676676677667667767676767776767767676767676677767766776776776776767676667767676767676767676676766767767677676767677677677667676767677667767676676767676776767667767677676767676767676767676767667676767667676767676721
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67ar an dtalamh agus tá an sconnsa sin agus a teach ann go fóil.
Chaitheadh gach duine ceithre lá déag oibre a thabhairt do'n mBinghamach gach bliain, agus pe' bith oibre bheadh ar siubhal agat h-éin a fhágaint. Ní gheobhfá tada ar a shon agus ní mór an cothú a gheóbhfá - sgadán nó braon bainne géar agus lumpers [cineál fataí], agus ní bheadh cead agat a dhul isteach sa teach cor a bith. Thiocfadh sé un a tighe agat agus Carolín agus fuip leis agus níor mhór duit dul leis. In a cheann sin chaitheá muiniú maith a bheith ort - Máighistir nó Tighearna a thabhairt air agus dul ar leath-ghlúin nuair a bheadh tú a beannú dhó. Níl fios fairnéis ar aon Binghamach in Iorrus indiu ach fear amháin atá i nDubhloch - Donnchadh Bingham agus tá sé sin in aoíst anois.

Forty Five years ago there was a dancing school in an old house in the side of Corron hill, The name of the dancing master was Dan Lordan and the fiddler was Joe Mitchel. His terms were for three months teaching two nights a week, entrance fee 1d, 2/6 ball night, and 6d at the end of the term and 1d per night to the fiddler. There was another dancing master named Leary. He had a school in the same house a few years later. Leary was both dancing master and fiddler. Leary was lame. He carried a crutch and stick. He used to teach steps with one leg and the stick and his payment was the same as the others.
There was a Protestant school at Corron cross. The name of the teacher was Domery. Some of his descendants are still in Keelmeen. The children of this school got soup from Derry Castle. Beside the school at the cross road there is a green plot called Coisín (Crossín ?) na Leanbh. There they used to bury babies that were not Baptised.

All the stories were much the same as the above. None of the men had talked with the fairy nor had any of them waited to get a close view of her. This seems a pity, but it can't be helped.
The belief in the bean Sí still persists. Just two more accounts of her: One of them is from my brother Rev. J.J. Maguire C.S.S.p. Pittsburgh. He did his studies in America-Ferndale. There was another Irish student there and the student's mother was ill away at home in Ireland. They were walking round the grounds one Winter's evening and the student suddenly asked my brother '' Did you hear it? '' But my brother had heard nothing. '' It was the bean Sí said the student and that means my mother has just died. When the news came from Ireland it was just so. The second story is only of yesterday. Around Christmas 1936. John Francis heard the bean Sí in Derryvella. It was

Srounles is a herb that grows in a field or by the side of the road. When people had a bleeding finger they used to rub it to the cut and it would stop bleeding.

14ú Mí na Samhna 1938
Oíche Shamhna Bíonn úlla ag gach duine ‘Oíche Shamhna’. Agus bíonn féasta ag an aois óg i dteach áirithe an oíche sin leis. Ceannaíonn siad cácaí milis, úlla agus milseáin. Bíonn siad ag tumadh i dtobán agus faigheann chuile dhuine trí sheans agus munar féidir leis an duine sin an t-úll a thógáil, téann duine eile isteach ina dhiaidh, bíonn siad ag tumadh ar airgead leis. Bíonn na sean-ndaoine ag rá nach ceart aon sméar ná ónóra a ithe ón oíche sin amach mar go mbíonn na sióg ar leo, bíonn siad a rá freisin gur ceart uisce bheith istigh roimh dul faoi na ngréine do na h-oíche sin leis. Is ceart luaidhe á leagadh i mbosca agus nuair bhíos sé leagtha dórtar síos i n-eochair é agus treigheann sé síos

Ni chaitheann daoine salachar an urláir amach ar lá Samhna nó oidhche Shamhna. Oidhche Shamhna gheibheann daoine trí fó chupán cuireann siad cré ar cheann aca gainimh ar cheann eile agus páidrín páirteach ar an cheann eile. Annsin cuireann siad puicín ar súilibh duine éigin. Má cuireann sé a lamh sa cré geobhfaidh sé bás go luath agus má chuireann sé a lámh sa ngainimh rachaidh sé thar sáile roimh bliadhain. Más í cailín a gcuireann a lámh sa fó chupan 'na bhfuil an páidrín páirteach beidh sí na mnaoi riaghalta agus má's fear a dheanann é beidh sé 'na shagart.

-ped at Owen’s the next farmer’s house in Coultry and put up his horse there for the night. The poor horse was teeming sweat with the weight of the ghost when Mr Owen went to unyoke him.
This story was told by my mother Elizabeth Fields Coultry Cloghran Co Dublin.

“On the Tawny Hill road there is a hill or mound which is overgrown with bushes and grass.
We always knew it as the moal when we were children. Here it was said some of Colm Cille's soldiers came after the war and that they still lie there in their war armour awaiting Anti Christ when they will arise to make a last stand for the faith. Anti Christ will be known to have come when a Black Pig will run from Clogherhead through the village of Termonfeckin.

"Local Place Names"
There is a piece of a road called the Bullring. People used to fight Bulls there. There is a crossroads near here and its name is Devines cross because people lived called Devines. They had a public house. There is a village called the Leap because Finn Mac Cool jumped from the Hill of Allen down to the village and his footprints are there still. The Hill of the Rock is near Allen Hill. There was a big rock on it make roads. There is a little red tin house on it still where the men used to get shelter.Bunty Gray

o

allymountain is a name given to a townland in the parish of Knockavilla. It is situated about four miles to the north of Upton railway station.
There was a hedge school at Ballymountain about one hundred years ago. It was in an out house in a barn that this hedge school was. A schoolmaster named Mr. Dwyer was teacher there. He was a stranger. Schools were carried on in the farmer's houses and some of the teachers lodge in the houses. --------------------------------------------- Long ago there was a hedge school at Gurrane. School was held in a private house. The teachers who taught in these schools were

Ballymountain is a name given to a townland in the parish of Knockavilla. It is situated about four miles to the north of Upton railway station.
There was a hedge school at Ballymountain about one hundred years ago. It was in an out house in a barn that this hedge school was. A schoolmaster named Mr. Dwyer was teacher there. He was a stranger. Schools were carried on in the farmer's houses and some of the teachers lodge in the houses. --------------------------------------------- Long ago there was a hedge school at Gurrane. School was held in a private house. The teachers who taught in these schools were hi

that time, the smiths used to make em ard they were a load to carry and there was no four grain forks only all three grain". The scythes were the very same as now but they used to work better stuff nor they do now. A great many men used to make their own rifles, ould Paddy Darcy he made his own rifles always with sand. He used to get say sand and pick holes in a bit os wood and spread grace and sand on it and it used to ut up a darlint edge. It usen't stand as long as th'emery ores now- a great many worked sand rifles them times"
"All was done with the raping hooks them fines, the smiths used to make the raping hooks too. They used to be better, the edge used to be cut better on em. They'd cut the head off a horse bead they would. Any oats was sowed was cut with a hook. I remember Pat Smith of Jakardstown, there was some fellow livinng in it and he begin to mow oats with the scythe and he made Bulmer the smith to make a bow at the

Last night as we assembled
in Kilmore romantic glen We assembled for to drilling boys We had but nine or ten But as the moon shone brightly We made up some 44 We were drilled by Captain Nolan In the sand-hills of Kilmor.We had some men from Milford Glen Some more from Addergown We had men from the Cashen Shore And the sea coasts all around We had one ONeill from Boher. bar Who is now in an Australia Shore He drilled the ranks of our Fenian lads In the sand hills of Kilmore We had Ballyduff and Causeway boys Around by the Castle Green

161
9th January 1939 The Games We Play. Taken from:- Bridie Carroll, Kildangan, Co Kildare. We play "tig" in the way. The players stand in a row and one girl counts up to ten; and whatever girl on which ten falls is out and so on until one girl is left in the den. Then that girl follows the others and who ever is caught last has the tig. We play hide-and-seek this way:- All the girls except one go away and hide, then the one who left goes to look for them; and the girl whom she catches last has to go to the den and take her turn at looking for the hidden ones. Sometimes we play "house". We select a nice shel-try place in the field or garden and we sweep it, and decorate it with flowers and broken delph. Then our "house" is ready for playing in. "Mother" is our favorite game and it is played in this way: one girl is chosen as the mother and the other girls her children. Then another girl is a tramp and when the children go to the shop he meets them and kills them. Another favourite game especially with the smaller children is "Wallflowers". It is played in this manner: all the children assemble in a ring

153
Taken from:- Mary Callan Cloneygath Co Kildare. There is a rath in Mr. Boland's field. This field is situated in Kildangan and long ago it is said there were fairies living there. Near the same fort or rath there dwelled a very poor family long ago. They had hardly any food and neither the father nor the sons could get any work. One morning however, a fairy appeared at the door with a basket of food and gave it to the woman of the house. She told her to come over to the rath when all the food was eaten and that she would give her more. She also told her that her husband and sons would soon get work. When all the food was eaten the woman set off to the rath with her empty basket and the fairy met her outside and put a bowl of porridge and a jar of milk and told her that if her husband went to look for work that day he would get it. The woman returned home and her husband and sons got work that day. They were never poor again and there is nothing left now of their house except ruins. Another story tells of a man who had a hump on his back. One night he was returning home past the rath and hearing music within he

152
3rd January 1939 Fairy Forts Taken from Philomena Behan, Kildangan Co. Kildare. There are not many fairy-forts around here except one in Boland's field in Kildangan and another in Fitzpatrick's field in Richardstown. It is said there was a man living in Leix who wanted to cut down a rath so he sent his workmen to cut it down. The workman refused, so the farmer took the slashers himself and commenced to cut it down himself. He cut away until all of a sudden a briar struck him in the face and the result of it was he had to lose his eye. Another story tells us that people lived in those forts. It happened one time that a certain man had to drive his cows by a rath which was in one of his fields. For several mornings one of the cows when passing it used to go inside. The man was afraid to follow her and when he was milking the cows in the house she would come in. When he would milk her she had none to give him. So one morning when he was passing the math he heard someone saying :- "you may never want for milk or butter"; and the man was called by his name.

142
day of the week except Wednesday or Friday. When people were getting married they would not wear green, they said it was an unlucky colour. The principal colours worn was blue and white. After the wedding the couple went to Dublin or some other big city for their honey-moon. Taken from Bridie Carroll, Kildangan, Co Kildare.

141
7th October 1938 Taken from Philomena Behan, Kildangan, Co. Kildare Marriage Customs in Ireland Long Ago. When two people were about to get married there was to be heard for some nights fore the marriage took place the sound of a horn, and that continued until after the marriage. On the morning of the wedding, the couple rose very early and prepared for the great event. The hackney-car in which they were travelling was decorated, and for luck they tied an old shoe to the front or back of the car. That night a dance was held either in the bride's or bridegroom's house. The musicians were paid with the money collected from the people that were present at the dance. Straw men just like wren-boys also visited the house. Taken from Mary Callan Cloneygath Co Kildare

143
7th October 1938 Weather Lore Taken from Philomena Behan, Kildangan, Co Kildare We often hear old people saying that if you see a dog eating grass, that it is a sign of rain. Or if you see a cat sitting with her back to the fire, rain is surely to follow shortly afterwards. We know also when rain is near. the soot falling from the chimney; or when the smoke is falling to the ground we can expect some rain also. The birds also foretell the weather. If a robin is also seen picking for food at the bottom of a hedge, it is a sign of snow; and if the curlews or seagulls are seen flying about, we can know that rain is near. When the squirrels begin to gather their nuts early it is a sign of a very bad Winter. Taken from - Anna Kelly, Killeen, Kildan Co Kildare

Mulroy Bay.
1 When the golden sun was setting far behind the ocean blue, The silvery moon was rising O'er the hills of glistening hue, I often dream of Erin, And my friends now far away. And the bonny purple heather Near the banks of Mulroy Bay. 11 Oh that little old thatched cottage, With its door so neat and small, As it nestled in the valley, Mids't the hills of Donegal, Of the day he sailed from Erin And that morning dark and grey, When I bade farewell to Mary, On the banks of Mulroy Bay. 111 I will oftimes dream of mother, Sitting near the cottage door, My sisters and my brothers As they wander round the shore, On a bonny Summer's evening In that dear land far away, And the fishing boats that anchor, Near the banks of Mulroy Bay.

Poopy school in my townland in an old barn which now belongs to James Devine. Over one hundred scholars used to attend that school. The subjects taught in the school were, English reading and writing, Arithmetic and Geography. The school was only held at night and grown-up people used to attend the night-school also. There was also an old school in Cloonagheer. School was carried on in this school in the day-time. About eighty scholars attended this school.

(1) Four cornered fool: The four players take their places in different corners, and the fool is put standing in the middle. Each two take (the) hands, and cross places, and while at this the fool endeavors to get in someones place. If he succeeds, the one who is put out becomes the fool and the game proceeds as before.(2) Rules of contrary. Two people hold a rod by each end, and while it is swung round, the leader says "here we go round the rules of contrary, when i say hold fast, let go, when i say let go, hold fast it usually happens that "When let go"

Bhí buachaill díomhaoin 'na chómnuidhe i ngaorta an tSléibhín. An breiceallach a thugtí ar. Thug duine uasal a bhí 'na chómhnuidhe i n-aice na h-áite cuireadh dó dul ar dinnéar. Is amhlaidh d'oir do breith ar. Bhí cailín aimsire ag freastal ar agus thug sí rabhadh dhó mar seo. "Más maith leat bheith buan caith fuar agus te (teich)." Níor thuig sé an rabhadh agus dubhairt sé leis:- "M ás maith leat beith buan caith uait agus teich." Do rith sé agus do lean na saighdúirí é.
Bhí máthair an duine uasail na suidhe lasmuigh de'n doras ghá grianadh féin. Do thóg an buachaill díomhaoin leis ar a dhroim í. Ní fheadfadh na saighdúirí caitheamh leis ar eagla gur bhí an tsean-bhean a bhuailfidís. Do lean na saighdúirí é chómh leis an abhainn mhóir. Do léim sé an abha. Do bhí

It was the first of August; the truth to you I'll tell
About a little sailing vessel of course you all know well It crossed the wide Atlantic through many a stormy route And its known in other countries as the old Knocksouna Boat II Our captains name was Conway, a sailor bold and grand And twas many the time my boys he steered us into a foreign land. We are anchored now at present near the old Kilbreedy moat And we're waiting for the final trip in our old Knocksouna Boat. III We anchored down in Camas, the day being wild and rough. We hoisted up our sails my boys and straightened on for Bruff As around by brawford's corner our little yacht did float, We drank a health to Ireland boys in out old Knocksouna Boat

see the devil.
If you get twenty pieces of paper and wirte the alphabet on them, and put them into a bucket of water, when you arise in the morning, the girl you will marry, her name will be on the top of the water. If you go to the well at twelve o’clock November’s Night, for water, it is said that it is wine you will get instead of water. If you put an ivy leaf under the pillow of your bed, it is said you will dream of the person you will marry.Written by:- William A. Costello, Barnagurry, Hiltimagh, Co. Mayo (P.T.O)

There is only one graveyard in the parish of Cortoon that is Cortoon graveyard which is situated near Cortoon church. All the people
living in Cortoon parish are buried here. Cortoon parish extends from Killgarrif to Killeen and from Hillswood to Carrea. Cortoon graveyard is composed of about two acres of uneven hilly land which slopes from north to south. There are a good many "thumbs" of bushes growing through out the graveyard and also a few poplar trees on McHugh's side of the graveyard. There is only one tomb in Cortoon graveyard that is where some children of the Lenards are buried. It is like a large stone box about six feet long and two-and- ahalf feet wide. On the top of it there is cut deep into the stone the words "In loving memory of Barbara Lenard beloved child of Luke and Alice Lenard, Queensfort Lodge, Tuam who died on the 15th of June 1901 aged seven years". Young children are usually buried in a lios or fort in Mike McWalter's land in Lisavalley. It is usual for children under seven years to be buried there. The place is never called anything but the lios. The graves are made in the middle of the fort itself and some flowers sown over them. This graveyard is well kept. Cortoon graveyard was enlarged about twenty-five years ago. **The title should be Cortoon Graveyard, not Cartoon

in it will be married first. This causes much laughter and perhaps jealousy. There are yet other plans adopted to foretell marriage. A boy fills his mouth with meal and goes outside the house, and the first girl's name he heard is the girl to whom he shall be married.
The comes the cup-tossing. Tea is made not in a teapot but in an open vessel such as cups. When the tea is poured out from the cups the tea-leaves get fashioned to the sides of them, the cup-tosser will be able to read the meaning of the tea-leaves and

Spinning and Weaving were carried out in this district around fifty years ago. There was not a homuse in the parish that had not its spinning wheel and then there was a weaver or two in the district also.
John Quigley, Monamolin was the weaver in this district about sixty years ago. He lived in a little hut in Coolbawn, and earned his living by weaving. His descendants have a farm in Monamolin. When he gave up weaving he bought this farm with the money he had saved, from the landlord Mr Bruen who lived in Coolbawn also. The weaving was done in the homes

very fast for about two minutes, and he looked back but there was not any trace of the hunters coming. He turned back on the same track again and went in his den. When the hunters came they went on past the den and as far as the fox had gone but they could not feel the scent any longer.
A man had a thorn in his finger and he tied many things to take it out and he went to the doctor but he could not take it out. He got a fox's tongue and put it at as a poltice to the finger and the next day the thorn was out. It is a good poltice for a cut.**Collector and nformant addresses are incorrect in transcript

Cainnt a chualas ó mo shean-athair, Domhnall Pléamonn - ceithre scór bliadhain
AN PAIRCÍN páirc m'athair atá suidhte in aice mo tighe. Páirc bheag iseadh é CROC a SGÁTH cnoc ar talamh m'athar. Tá sé suidhte ar an taobh thuaidh de'n mbothar atá ag dul tré Chortún CLAISÍN na bPÍOBAIRÍ poll bheag ar thaoibh theas Cnoc a Sgáth. Bhíodh ceól phíobairí le cloisteál ann nuair a bhí mo shean-athair óg. CLOCH MHÓR cros bhothar in aice le 'Cnoc a Sgáth'. Baistigheadh é ó chloich mhór atá ar an thaobh an bhothair le h-ághaidh daoine ag dul ag marcuidheacht ar chapaill. Níl acht píosa beag de'n chloich le feiceál anois mar tá an cuid clúduighthe le créfóig. AN GUIRTÍN GLEANNACH páirc m'athar. Tá sé íseal in a lár agus tá trí acra ann POLL a' SAILIGH poll uisce ar thalamh Uí Aodha i mbrocac. Thugadh an t-ainm sin air mar tá sailtheóga ag fás thart air. TURLOCH páirc m'athair. Páirc íseal in a luigheann uisce sa nGeimhreadh 'seadh é. CNOCAINÍN REAMHAR píosa de thalamh árd ar fheilm m'athar. Sórt cnocán atá ann acht tá sé cothrom ar a bhárr. Acra talmhan atá ann. CLAIS MHÓR poll ar thalamh m'athar. Bíonn uisce ann tar éis fearthainn trom Address - Cortoon, Carrarea, Tuam

from the west to the east. The land on the west side is very good for cattle and sheep rearing. There is about two acres of land under woods. the Monacow river flows to the east of my village. There is one big hill in my village and we call it the Esker Hill.

About one mile west of the picturesque village of Innishannon, overlooking the River Bandon, stand the remains of the ancient fortress of "Downdaniel" - or the fort of two rivers. Standing as it does, on a slightly raised patch of land near the junction of the Rivers Bandon and Brinny, its dark frowning battlements and delicately moulded turrets immediately attract the attention of the traveller and create in him a curosity to visit the ruins.
The traveller intending to visit the fortress is immediately awe-struck when he first enters the locality and beholds the massive old walls in the distance. It would be indeed difficult to find a scene more typically Irish; built into a cliff overlooking the castle a tall graceful watchtower, giving an impression of romance and ancient gloom stands our

Jack of the LantrenOnce upon a time there was a man who was a black-smith and he had a forge. Three men were coming along the road with an ass, and they brought the ass to the forge to get shoes on him. The back-smith didn't charge the travellers for putting on the shoes, and one of the men said to the black-smith, I will give you one wish now for not charging me, ask what-ever you like". One of the other two men said "ask for heaven when you die", but the black-smith didn't heed them. He asked that who-ever would sit in his armchair would not be able to rise until he'd give him leave. Some time

Ballygarvan got its name from an Irish word Bailegarbháin the home of St. Garvan. St. Garvan lived in a monastery near Bowen's Cross. The ruins of it are still to be seen, and the masonry is quite firm. In olden times the land adjoining the monastery was cultivated by the monks to produce food for the community and their guests. Persons who visited got food and drink free of charge. There are six raths in the district, one at Liss Cross, one at Ballea, one at Adamstown, one at Ballinphellic and one at Fivemilebridge. It is said that often lights were seen around some of these, and if anyone entered one of them at night, they would not escape until morning.
Long ago there were four flour mills in the district, all built on the Abha-na-Buidhe as the mills were then worked by water power. There is now no trace of them. The old Brickworks at Ballinphellic were started by an Englishman named Ormond, about 60 years ago. He worked there for many years but got bankrupt, when the works were taken over by the Hibernian Bank. The Bank then worked it for some time, at a profit. They used no

There is a field near Joseph Herbert's in Grangeclare West. and there is a corner in the field called "The spirit's corner". A woman is seen there.

My countrymen, awake; arise;
Our work begins anew; Your mingled voices rend the skies, Your hearts are firm and true; You've bravely marched, and nobly met, Our little Green Isle through; But, oh, my friends, there's something yet For Irishmen to do: 2 As long as Erin hears the clink Of base, ignoble chains. As long as one detested link Of foreign rule remains As long as of our rightful debt. One smallest fraction's due So long my friends, there's something yet For Irishmen to do. 3 Too long we've borne the servile yoke Too long the slavish chain Too long in feeble accents spoke And ever spoke in vain. Our wealth has filled the spoilers yet

Foods -- "Colcannon"
When colcannon is to be made a number of good boiled potatoes is placed in an iron pot and bruised into pulp by means of a beetle kept for the purpose. The beetle is nicely shaped, generally like the figure at side of page. The small end was held in the hand or hands, and with the large end the potatoes were bruised or pounded up. Sometimes a little warm milk and "chives" were added. The chives were like very small leeks and used to be grown in every garden long ago. They were also used in soups. When the boys and girls came home from school each took a turn at the beetle and it was work they all enjoyed. The colcannon was placed on plates and a round hole was made with a spoon in the centre of each heap. Into this hole a good lump of butter was placed, and sometimes it melted of its own accord, and sometimes, when the lump was rather big, the melting process was hastened by covering it over with some hot colcannon which was removed when the butter had melted. The children sat around with spoons. As each lifted a small quantity of the colcannon he dipped it into the butter in the centre of the heap and then ate his fill. The circle of colcannon around the butter-hole became thinner and thinner until in the end all was gone and generally the last bits were nicest of all for they were well soaked in butter. Narrator: Same as for "Boxty" "Potato Cake"

him to get the Priest pardon, but that it was no good for him to go, but to send his wife.
The wife went and when the Priest saw her coming he knew what she wanted and she asked his pardon. He said that if himself came he would not give it to him, and her to go home, that he would be alright before her. So he was. She met him cioming down to meet her and told her she got his pardon. It is said he got all right as soon as the wife went to the Priest.Written by; Kathleen Mc Hale Tooreen, Carrowmore, Ballina, Co Mayo. Got from: Michael Forde, Tooreen, Carrowmore, Ballina, Co Mayo.

Cailín fearúil fionn
I Dá mbeadh bó na dhó ag mo stoirín is deas mar seolfainn iad. Níor b'fhearr liom áit dá seolfainn iad na amach go Loch an Buidhe. Mar is ann a dhearc mé an óg bhean go deó deó bhris mo croí Is mar a bhfiudh mé í le pósadh ní mairfeadh mé beo mí.II A stóirín, ná bíodh buaireamh ort brón ná briseadh croí

the gold and asked the man what good would that do him and the man said "It does the same amount of good to me as it does to you". Then Damer told the man to fill his pockets with gold and that he need not work for many a year to come and that anytime he wanted money to go to him and he would give it to him because he (Damer) said that he (the man) was the only decent man he had ever met since he was known to be rich.

There was once a man named Michael Durkan who lived in the village of Carragarra, Knockmore.
One day a cow came into his farm out of Lough Conn and he left her there when he could not get any owner for her. He was a small farmer and she used to give him a certain quantity of milk. she likes huge cock She stayed with him for seven years but one day she heard a calf lowing in the lake and off she ran towards it and into it with her and they never saw a sight of her afterwards.

Potatoes are grown on our farm. We sow an acre every year. The drills are always open before the ground is manured. The potatoes are sown in drills and these are made by means of a plough. The potatoes are prepared for sowing in the following way, the fair sized potatoes are picked out and cut between the buds so as to leave about three buds on each seed. The potatoes which are not too small are sown the way they are. The local people help one another to sow the potatoes. When the buds begin to come up the tops are beaten off with a fork or a chain-harrow. In about a month after this the potato drills are grubbed and wed, they are then left for a couple of days to wither, and then they are moulded. When the potatoes are taken out in the Autumn they are sorted and stored in pits. They are afterwards brought in out of the potato field and put in a house or a pit which is covered with sods.

There is a fair held monthly in the local town which is called Tinahely. There were also held monthly in olden times. Sometimes buyers transacted business at farmers' houses and this is still done. The fair is held in a special place called the Fair Green. When an animal is sold, luck money is given. This is calculated as a shilling to every three pounds. When a bargain is made the parties concerned show agreement by striking hands. Animals are marked when sold with a stroke of raddle. When a horse is sold the halter is always given away. There are four special fairs held every year for the sale of horses namely the 7th of Feb, 8th of May, 7th August and 7th November. Sheep, cattle and pigs are sold at these fairs.

The arrest of Rev. Fr Feehan CC. Rathdowney
During the Land League strife Lord Castledown's agent raised the rents on every improvement the farmers made. Their patience was exhausted and about the year 1882 Fr. Feehan was the fearless curate, who at a public meeting urged the people to fight it out and refuse to pay. The story goes that as yhe priest was walking down the street to the church for Mass, he was handed a letter from the Bishop (Dr Moran, afterwards Cardinal Moran of Sydney) suspending him. The priest was arrested, and his trial fixed for a certain day in Rathdowney Courthouse. The day appointed all the tenants and sympathisers came in from all parts of Co. Kilkenny and tipperary. The multitude were seething with discontent and grumbling, vowing vengeance on the Police and Magistrates. But a Fr. Maher from Clonmore assembled the people, and appealed to them for self-restraint and said that no good would be got by violence. He averted what would have turned out ugly work. Shortly after when the Bishop came for Confirmation, the people boycotted it and would not attend.

Long ago, this village was more populous than what it is now. Lines of mud-walled, and thatched cabins ran from Tim Moynihans present residence to William Daly's. Often nine and ten children dwelt in them. The young men worked for the farmers of the locality, and so earned their living. Many families besides these were the Cronins, Walshs, Briens, Dennehys and Donoghues, who at one time dwelt here. During the famine years several of them starved, and any of them that could go, fled to America.There were six farmers, three shop-keepers, one shoe-maker, and one nurse living here. James Connor, and John Moynihan each had a public house. Peter Cronin had a shop, and his wife was a nurse, and Pat Kerin was a shoemaker. Moynihan is the most common surname in it.
The name is Gneeveguilla or

1. Long legs, crooked thighs, small head, and no eyes?
(A Tongs) 2. I have a field of white heifers,- and a red one in the middle. (The two rows of teeth and tongue) 3.It is black, it is white, and it loops on the road like hailstone. (A Magpie) 4. It is red, it is yellow, it is sparable green, the king cannot reach it, or neither the Queen. (A Rainbow) 5.It is here, it is there, it is everywhere ... (air) 6.It is round as an apple. as plump as a ball, can climb over ditches, hedges and all. (The Sun) 7. What weight is the moon. (It is 1 cwt because it has four quarters) 8. What part of a cow goes first over the ditch. (The breath) 9. As I went to London I saw a great wonder - two pots boiling and no fire under. (Two pots of lime) 10. A man from Westminister sent home to his sister a bottomless vessel to hold raw meat (A ring) 11. Black + white and read all over. A newspaper.

It is said that long ago a great race of giants lived in Ireland. Many of these giants had their dwelling on the hill of Ouite Ouide (These hills are near the school). At last there came a time when only three giants dwelt there. One evening as one of them slept under the shade of some trees a young man rode up to him and said to him that a giant from Scotland had challenged him to fight. The giant grew angry at this and told the man to send word for the giant. In a short time the giant arrived. Then the field where they were to fight was chosen. In a short time the two giants had begun to fight. They fought until the Scottish giant fled. The irish giant followed him but not able to catch him he became very angry taking up six huge Scottish stones and threw them after the

Some Local Place Names
Aghatarn this town-land is on the southern shore of Orlar Lake. In Olden times people say on a certain Saturday a woman washing clothes on the lake shore saw a beautiful steed come out of the lake and gallop through the smooth field. She saw this steed several times but always on a Saturdayand in this way the place came to be called "Eac a tSathairn". Tooreen flax was grown widely in mayo. Old people in this district point out places where the flax was washed or dried or bleached. Tooreen meaning a bleaching green was called that name from the work done there with the flax. In some of the old houses bundles of flax are still kept.

it in hot water. Put a thin piece and apply it to the cut and leave it on until the cut is healed.
Another cure for a cut is to wrap it with cobwebs. Cobwebs are sometimes called "Irish curtains". For sprain or tired feeling in the wrist wrap home spun wool around it. Another cure for sore wrist is to get and eel and dry it. Then wrap it tight around the wrist. for a burn without speaking go immediately to some grass, rub soap on the grass and apply to burn. Another cure for a burn is is to beat up an egg and then rub it over the burn. Another cure of r a burn is to rub bread soda or flour on it. Donkey milk is supposed to be a good cure for chincouph. Another cure for chincough is to ask a cure off a man riding a white horse. Whatever he tells you to do you must do it. For boils people apply a linseed foultice but some people say that is is best to bathe the boils in water hat separates two counties.

Despite the oppression of England over Irish people kept bravely their faith. Their patriotism and their love of learning. Men struggled to get a little learning and when they got at they tried to teach those about them. These teachers often gave instruction by the roadside sheltered by a tall hedge or in some old barn lent by one of the neighbors. There were four of these old schools in this district. One of these was in Barton and was taught by a man named James O'mallay", another in Raith where a man named John Fitgmaurce worked. There was a school in Shamuralla taught by Andrew Caulfield and one near Aphamore tought by a man named Jennings. We know more about the Barton school than the others.

Derry Castle."Cnoc lair" so called because there were many mares there long ago.
Cnoch Mór. supposed to have got its name because it is a very high hill. "Cnoc Tarbh" got its name because there were many bulls grazing on it long ago. Cnoch na Gcapaill." so called because the water horses used to come out of the lake Eascey every morning. The people used to see the white horses gallop in the lake every morning. "Cnoch Rabhach" supposed to have got its name because it is a very wide hill. "The three angled" supposed to have got its name because there are three angles. "Tabar a cleavy" so called because there were good crops there long ago. "The aska" supposed to have got its name because it is very wet. "The Red weed garden" supposed to have got its name because there are red weeds in it.

The following is a song composed by Berny Grey, who lived in the townland of Ohill, (?) about three miles from Mohill He was gong to School with a boy by the name of Bruen, and was a great pal of his. This young boy Bruen went to Nebraska (?) when he was very young, and died there after a few years. Berny Grey was very fond of him and was indeed very lonely for him.
Berny Gray often composed many other songs, and is now living in New York. He puts a bit of a poem in the Almanac every year, and often gets good praise for them. This is the song he composed about Young Bruen who was in the same class as himself.

is still visible. The Church was thatched. It was replaced in later years by a Protestant Church. Both have now disappeared, the only visible relic remaining being a foundation stone of one of the early century crosses. St. Finbarr went into retreat at Desertmore & met St. Creagh. A hill overlooking Desertmore is named "Knockanemaelgulla" (The hill of the tonsured man). Desertmore means great retreat & Clashanafrin - the hollow of the mass. A brass plate on the Ovens station box which is very ancient reads "Ovens & Desertmore". During the Penal Days Mass was celebrated in Clashanafrin, but there is no indication of the exact place. People say the Mass was celebrated on a table upon which was placed a sacred stone carried with the vestments etc.

after the train) in America.Told by Patrick Kelly the Hill
Kilmallock his age is 78 years. Plus you are gay

there was no fear of him escaping from them. (He told them that) Once he was out and he went into a house and he told the man of the house to leave some potatoes and water for him. Then he would come every night and eat enough and he would not need to eat any from the fairies and they had to let him go.

2. Oidhche Shamhna
Bhí fear na comhnuidhe annseo i n-Éirinn fád-ó a’s tugadh an Dia bréige air. Bá ghnath leis féasta a bhéith aige i gcomhnuidhe ar an chead lá dé mhí Shamhna a’s mar sin bíonn féasta againne ar an lá chéadhna gach bliadhain i gcuirim do’n lá sin. Ar an oidhche seo bíonn féasta mór ag na daoine a’s ní breag a radh go mbíonn féasta mór againne. Bheadh sé doilighe a chunntas an méid cleasa a bhíos againne an oidhche sin. Is iomdha cleas a thig linnna dheanamh le h-ubhlaí. Thig linn ubhlaí a chur isteach i dt-uban uisge a’s an cead duine a gheobhadh an t-ubhall is leis féin é. Chuaidh mé fhéin go dtí an tuban cúpla uair ach nuair a bheadh sé thuas ag mó bheul shleamhnadh sé ar shiubhal uam aráis.

There are about three forts in the school district. They are situated in the townland of Liscosker, Raith and Doo'gary, and are commonly called Liss, or fort.
Each one is in view of the other, and there is also an underground passage from each one. They are all circular in shape. There is a fence of earth surrounding them. According to the old people many of them have gone down in these forts. They saw many beautiful sights including some beautiful rooms. There is an entrancehole in the side of each one. It is of a small round shape, but as you move in it becomes larger. There is a story told about a man who went to cut trees, which surrounded the fort, to make a fence in his own land. Next morning all those same trees were packed at the man's door. There was also a story told where a cow died. Some of the people in the district ate some of her flesh. It so happened that her calf was tied at the ring of the fort. There was a man working nearby, who saw the cow coming each day and giving the calf milk. This man told the owner of the cow, and he said that if

139
Story Not far from my home in the townland of Cloonmagunane there is a large tree in a garden bel longing to Mr James Lavin. This tree is said to be the dwelling place of a host of fairies or those "good people" as they are sometimes called. It is a very old tree and the old people say it is an ash tree, but for many years it has not produced either buds or leaves. It has a whitish appearance during all the year round and at midnight lights can be seen in it. One day last Summer as my father was saving hay a great gust of wind came straight from ^ the direction of this (field) tree and it rose a lot of the hay off the field and carried it off to a neighbouring field. Sometime afterwards the man who owns the tree was walking under it and and he heard some noise in the tree and on looking up he saw a little and (and he) dressed in red sitting on a bramble of the tree and when he spyied the man watching him he vanished and he was never ^ been seen since. Lily Croghan Story told by Tim Dowd. Coonmagunane Parish of Kilnamanagh & Estersnow Barony of Frenchpark Co Roscommon.

Pigs Pudding
When we kill a pig my mother always make pigs puddings out of the blood. When killing the pig my mother holds a basin for the blood which is the principal ingredient for making the puddings. This she stirs and stirs with a stick and often times bruises the lumps of blood which thicken owing to frost or so. While stirring it she puts an odd 'fist' of salt into it, in order to preserve the blood from thickening too much. Next she cleans the puddings by rinsing them first. Then she turns them inside out and cleans the dirt off them. Finally she washes them again, and then she leaves them aside in a basin of salted water until the following day. Early next day she sets to work. First of all she cuts some lard off the pig. This she cuts into very small pieces. These she puts into the basin of blood as well as other ingredients, such as, pepper, all spice, cinnamon, cloves,

In the townland of Dromin there are many stories told about hidden treasure. The people of the townland believe that many years ago a rumour went around that underneath a flat stone which was lying near a fort belonging to David OShea, was buried a large crock of gold.
Some years later a man called Mangan said that he was with an old fiddler one night and the fiddler one night and the fiddler told him to remain in the road while himself visited the fort. The Mangan boy grew impatient from waiting and went to see what the fiddler was doing. To his surprise the fiddler who was supposed to be poor had a crock filled with golden jewels

Why doesn't hate come out of the German coal in Ireland- It is heat that comes out of it.How do you know that there was a pig in the ark- Because Ham was in it.
If your uncles sister is not your aunt what relation is she to you- your mother. Why is the fly a tall creature- Because it stands over six feet. What part of a fish is like the end of a book- The finish. Why is a grumbling man and a over-baked load similar- Because they are both crusty.

Long ago there was a girl in Lisbaby, it is three miles from this school. This girl was carried into a fort and a fiddler left instead of her. All the young people used to go to the house every night to hear the fiddler because the people of the house were afraid of him. After six Months the fiddler left and the right girl came back, but the fiddler told them before he left that if she married inside the bounds of Lisbaby, she would be carried off again. So she married behind Killarney.

about half an hour in each house. They sleep around in hay barns. They ask for alms and if you had not a few coppers for them they would ask you for something to eat. Sometimes we give them their dinner. Old Barrett has an ass and car because he is not able to walk all the way as he is lame. They tell a lot of stories in the houses. If Cracked Mary met a child on the road she would beat her. Mick the Potato got his name on account of being always dancing and asking for potatoes as a reward. Sweet Vale of Avoca got his name because he is always singing Sweet Vale of Avoca.Cracked Nell is very cross. If anyone teases her she curses them. She comes to the school very often and the teacher always gives her silver because she asks for help in Irish,
"Tabhair dom rud éigin ar son Dé". She says then "Go raibh aoibhneas na flaitheasa agat" and "Go méaduigh (?) Dia do stór" John Danaher comes once a year at Christmas. He has a jennet and car and sells flowers, buckets and little tables he makes.

Long ago houses were not as they are now. They had only one storey. They were made of mud and had only one window. The window was small and was usually placed very high in the wall. The roof was kept in place with wooden pegs. There were not rooms in the houses as there are now. The family slept in the kitchen. Each bed was called a doss.The fire was made of sticks and furze and dry cowling was used when baking cakes. This cowling was called borawn. There was a hole in the roof to let the smoke out. When the smoke remained in the house and did not go out the old people said that rain was near.
There were no lamps and people used home made candles. These were made of tallow and the pith of rushes was used as

Mr Holmes was the local landlord and he and his family were settled in the district for a considerable length of time.
he left this townland about the year 1866 or 1867A member of his family - Miss Holmes - taught in the Protestant School in Clogher and tried to induce the children of the localit to go there and be educated by her. It was not becuase of her anxiety for education that she desired them to go there but as shw was a Protestant dhe logned to dreprive them of their religion.Most of the parents refused to allow their children to attend and so she decided to hold "Sunday-schol" in each house on turn. She succeeded rather badly on the first occassion as very few attended and so she went home rather displeased. Letters were then sent by her to each house telling the house applointed for the next instruction and also stating that he who would not allow his children to aattend would be evicted from his home. The people informed a Mr. Hyland of her coming and he came to the appointed house on the following Sunday. Mr Hyland was a prominent

The fairs are held in the street of Whitegate on the 28th Feb; 28th May; 28th August & the 28th Nov.
Buyers sometimes go to the farmers' houses and purchase stock. No tolls are paid. When animals are sold a "luck-penny" is given. It is calculated according to the price of the animal sold. If a cow is sold for £15, five shillings is the "luck-penny" If a horse was sold for £25, 10/- would be given. When bonhams are sold 1/- or 1/6 is given. When a bargain has been made the parties concerned strike their hands together, that is the buyer strikes his right hand against the palm of the sellers. Sold animals are marked with a raddle coloured blue or red or sometimes the hair is clipped off with a scissors from the side of the animals or mud is rubbed on the back. When a horse is sold the halter is given away. Special fairs are not held for the sale of bonhams or horses.

a spade and dug under the bush and got
a pot of gold.He and his wife eyed used the gold and made use of the pot in the kitchen. One day a poor scholar was passing and they gave him lodging. They scholar eyed the pot and saw that there was writing in it. He asked the woman what it meant but she being a bad scholar did not know how to read. When they took the pot off the fire the scholar examined the writing and said it meant- "The same on the other side". Next morning McDermott and the scholar dug at the other side of the bush and found a crock of gold. McDermott gave some of it to the scholar who went off on his way. McDermott with all their money built Rockingham and owened it till the English came and they took it from him.

Oughterard, lame and Colinamuck Oughterard and they would try to make the people turn protestants.At that time Paddy Callaghan from Collinmuck Oughterard was digging potatoes in his field and a crow came and carried of [sic] a potato in his beak. The crow kept flying and Paddy kept running and when he perched on St. Patrick's rock in Cluais, Paddy snapped it from her and came home again.
The eyes of the potatoes were taken out and put down like mangelseed and they grew but they were small. (Mrs Callaghan told me this)

We should not through out aches in the night. We should not walk under a ladder at night. We should not leave the chairs in near the fire at night. We should not through the aches out on New Year's Night. We should not through out dirty water at night. We should not go for water at night. When people are playing.

There is a house in Cullane South in this parish owned now by William Hanley but it formerly belonged to James Riordan an expert farmer. A son to Riordan, Willie, was shot by the Tans at Lakelly near Knocarron. Another son, Mick, who was married in the home place but had gone to some job in Dublin leaving his wife and young family to run the place, died there rather suddenly. It was said at the time that he was shot. Whether this is true or not the locals had no proof but the cattle, a very mixed lot came to Cullane. They looked like the clean out of a broken farmer.Thes two boys were seen in the evenings by persons employed in the house walking around the outhouses and bawn.
I asked Mrs Riordan, wife to Mick, and she said she never saw them but she heard the rumour. She said that on one November night, the maid, Ellie Creagh, a local, who used to sleep at home told her it was the custom to set the table on that night. Mrs Riordan laughed at the idea. When the maid had

(Riastáil)agus le trinnseail (nó riastáil). Teabhtaí an talamh i n-iomairí chun prátaí do sháthadh agus deintear fós é sin. Tá an módh eile má seadh ie. riastáil, chun a ainm cheart a thabhairt air, nách mór imthighthe. Tá fir óga san áit seo agus n'fheacadar riamh é. Aon talamh riascach fliuch, le linn m'óige-se, is le riastáil a cuirfí é.
D'iompuigheadh an scalabhuidhe báltaí ar gach taobh de'n leabaidh. Bheadh * cheithre troighthe go leith mar fhaabhar bhálta go faobhar bhalta eile. Cuirtí dorugha teannta idir dá mhaide chun taobh na leapthan do mharcáil. Gearrtaí an fód annsan le béal na ramhainne. Nuair a bhíodh timcheall le fiche éigin ramhann, nó mar sin gearrtha, d'iompuigheadh an sclábhuidhe na báltaí. Bhíodh gach bálta timcheall le troig go leith ar fhaid agus naoi n-órlaighe ar leithead, agus fágtaí taobh de'n bfód greamuighthe de'n talamh. Nuair a bhíodh taobh iompuighthe deintí an taobh eile. Leantaí mar sin go mbíodh an paiste riastáltha. Cuirtí feamanach annsan 'n-a chroiceann agus nuair a bheadh sí sin buna leaghta, crothfaí aoileach anuas uirthi. Iompuighthí isteach 's amach na báltaí trí nó ceathair d'uaire, an fhaid a bheadh an obair sin ar siubhal. Cuirfidhe na sgioltáin fé sna baltaí annsan, troig idir gach dhá sgioltán agus iompochthaí * le ramhainn a tomhaistí leithead (?) na n-iomaire. Bhíódh marc ar an bhfeac.

The houses in the district formerly were very small, and usually only had two rooms. The floor was of clay and the house itself of course was only one story high. There were two doors on the front of the house, an ordinary full size door, and a half door. In the day when the big door was open, the half door was kept closed to keep the hens out. The house was thatched with rushes which were cut in the bog. In the kitchen there was only normally a very small window with only one small pane of glass in it. The fire was a hearth and usually on the gable-end of the house as was the chimney which was sometimes made of wood. The chimney arch was like the other walls of the house made of mud. When you came in the door there was a little wall before you entered the kitchen. This was known as the "Jam wall" (?) The person sitting of the fireside has usually a view of those entering the door through a little window in the "Jam wall". In order to have more sleeping

357
Old Graveyards At Kerdiffstown about two miles from the town of Naas, on the land of Mr Alymer, there is an old Churchyard. It is more than a century old. It is a Catholic grave-yard, and there are an number of people buried there. There is an inscription written on a very ancient tomb stone, there is also the remains of an old glass wreath. There are a few trees growing in the church-yard and it is railed in, in the form of a circle. Very few people go near it now. At Furness on the land of Mrs Synott there is an old Churchyard. It is more than two hundred years old and there are a number of tombstones and inscriptions written on them, but they are so old that they cannot be read. There are also numbest of Holy Water Fonts there. There are the ruins of a church there too. Mary Herwin, Furness, Naas, Co. Kildare. Information received from Mr Jack Burke, Maudlins, Naas Co. Kildare

He'd long to set us free,
His name should be recorded In future history Three cheers for brave "O Dolan" His heart is in the cause He is a noble patriot Who hates the English LawsBut what of cursed Whitesides, He did his duty well, He'd send us papish every one To Connaught or to hell. Likewise, Townsley, Vance and Carrigan And all their curse'd clan They'll ponder well or go to hell Till they visit Glan again. James Dolan (Micky "Paids") living t present in Gubaveeney remembers many faction fights in Glangevlin

Glangevlin thou hast witnessed a scene of grief and woe
Extermination swept the land a few short days ago, When cursed Annsely's troops all armed ruthlessy To confiscate and devastate a struggling tenantry When the dreadful cry was raised on high The wolf was in the fold, St. Patrick's sons in thousands run They were always firm and bold, Each maid and man Inside of Glan, they came so firm and true To sympathise with the evicted and condem the landlord crew The men of the bold Killinagh, Their names shall be revered, They always answered to the call The tyrant never feared They assembled in their thousands And all came to a man To sympathise in union with the suffering men of Glan,

In olden times sweat houses were very common in this district and they were used for the treatment of different diseases. The disease that they were principally used for, was rheumatism. They were small houses; round in shape and they were built with stones and roofed with flags. The inside was plastered with mortar or clay. Some of the sweat-houses had small chimneys and more of them had none.When a person went there to get a disease sweated out of them, a big fire was put on and left there burning until the place would be thoroughly heated. Then the person went in and stayed there until the disease was sweated out of them.
Here are some of the places where sweat-houses were. At Patsy Carrigan's Gubaveeny, Blacklion. " Patrick Mc Govern's (Pat Red Mickey's) Gubaveeny, Blacklion. " Thomas Mc Aveeney's Gubaveeny, Blacklion

roof is of stone also. There is a hole in the side to go in.
Long ago people gathered bushes and lit them inside and left them there until the walls got red. They brought out the bushes then and took off all their clothes and went in. They stayed there until the place was getting cool. This was supposed to cure rheumatism. There is no use made of it now. Signed by, Sheila Cummins Gurtnaskeha, Newport, Co Tipp.

The Castle of Barn DeargThe castle of Barna Dearg was built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. It was built by Taidgh O Kellie of Hymanny. It is situated 300 yards in from the Dublin road between Tuam and Mountbellew. They built it within a small lake and when they had it built they made a road and it was twisted every way so that if any enemies attacked it they would not be able to find their way in and they would loose their way and get drowned. The Barna castle is one of the finest buildings from Tuam to Mountbellew. The Kellies belongs to the Anglo Norman families. They also built many other castles but they are very old, about twenty centuries ago. There is one of the Kellies buried in Abbey. The Kellies fought with the Earls of Kildare at the Battle of Knockdough.
Kathleen Langan Dangan Ballyglunna Co Galway Got from my father John Langan (Dangan) Age 50 years

The Castle of Abbeyknockmoy
9th NovemberSeven miles south east of Tuam are the ruins of a Cistercian Abbey. It is built on the banks of a small river. This Abbey was founded in the year (1189). Cathal Croabh Dearg O'Connor, whose tomb is preserved with it ruins. The Cistercians were introduced into Ireland by Saint Malachy Archbishop of Armagh.

In former years people sought relief from their ailments by their own cures which were generally made up from herbs.
The blackcurrant was used for a sore throat. Camomile was used for indigestion and spasms. Clover was used as a blood purifier, strong infusion, also used for whooping cough, said to be used in cancer cures. Comfrey is used for lung trouble ; for fracture used a poultice and a few drops of tincture taken internally for a spasm. Elder was used for Elderberry wine which is good for sciatica. The leaves of the elderberry mixed with pepperment is used as a common herbal remedy for colds. Ground Ivy is used for chest troubles. It is also used as a remedy for kidney and skin trouble. Hawthorn berries are used in preparing a powerful heart tonic.

"The old graveyards."
There are five graveyards in this locality. These are situated in Durrow, Galmoy, Fertagh, Glashare and Aughmacart. They are all still in use. None of them are round in shape. Father Delaney P.P. of Durrow was buried in Durrow graveyard. Each one is level. There are three trees growing in the graveyard in Galmoy. There are no disused graveyards in this parish. In the graveyard at Aughmacart the oldest tomb-stone is dated 1816. There are a great many large monuments in Durrow graveyard. Local families do not still use certain graveyards as burial places. The churchyard at Glashare is round in shape. It is also level. There are also trees growing in it. There are no old tombs in it. The crosses which are on the graves are made of iron. Aughmacart graveyard is square. There are graves called vaults there surrounded by walls and inside these walls the Fitzpatricks of Coolcashin were buried. There are two old tombs belonging to the Younges of Oldtown and

Long ago the people of Ireland were supposed to hide gold and silver in the earth.
The story is told of a great treasure which was hidden in the Nunnery near my home in Raheenleigh, Cullohill. Many years ago a man dreamt three nights about it. On the fourth night he and two companions went to dig for it. They were digging away until there appeared an angry bull. The men fled for their lives and ever since no one has gone to dig for the treasure. One of the men was unable to run with his life. A Protestant was among the diggers and he said he should go back to save his companion. Lights were often seen there afterwards. Told by: Mr. James Delahunty (39 yrs), Raheenleigh, Cullohill, Rathdowney, Laoghis (Laois).

Among the many scenes of interest with which this fair island abounds, we know of none, more interesting to us than Cullohill castle, Glashare castle, and the steeple of Fertagh. The castles were the residences of kings, and the steeples we are told, were connected with the churches and monasteries.The castle nearest to us is Cullohill castle, which is partially ruined. It was the stronghold of the Mac Giolla Padraic's of Upper Ossory. It is built of limestone and grouting on solid rock. It is situated about 500 yards away from the village, and it stands in a south west angle of a circular courtyard about 50 perches in area, surrounded by thick loop holed walls, about 12 feet high. The castle stands in a north Westerly direction, and is about 90 feet high.
The South wall of the castle, most of the East, and half the West wall remain to full height. The West wall, in which the entrance door was, is fully destroyed. It measures about 41 feet by 48 feet and is five storey high. People can be admitted into the different stories by means of stone steps, which are almost destroyed now. It was erected in the year 1425, by Finghen Mac

Dromcondra CastleThis Castle is situated in the half parish of Killery, Co Sligo. It stands on rising ground overlooking Slieve-Dá-Ean and Slish so famed in Irish history according to local tradition. It was surrounded by a lake and the entrance to it was by way of a drawbridge. No trace of this remains now. The most part of its history is lost in the midst of time. It was supposed to have been built by the McDonough’s, Chieftans of Collooney as an outpost. Mention is made of it in the Four Masters. They state in the year 1516 A. D. Hugh Oge O’Donnell after taking the Castle of Sligo proceeded into Tirconnell where he took the Castle of Collooney, the castle of Lock Deargan and Drum-na-mona on the same day which is thought by the historians to be Drumcondra. Also in the year 1400 Gregory son of Tanaidhe O’Maolconry was accidentally killed by the cast of a dart from the hand of William Garu at the Tochar (or pass) of Dunarron in a mistake and there was a demand made of one hundred and twenty six cows as an eraic or fine for his death. A local farmer in putting an extension to his farmyard on a hill nearby came across a big pile of

there was always a test of strength for the best man for lifting bags of oats.
He could take a 2 cwt bag of oats with one hand and swing it over his head without any trouble. Outside his home now can be seen the weight he used to throw.

showing what they could do in using their good plants.
Kilchreest could boast of one such man, Ped Miskell who lived about a quarter of a mile below the village on his estate of 20 acres, he was about 6 feet 6 ins tall with broad chest bronzed and wearer beaten he was a terror in fair and market and by the use of his fists alone he could beat three men to a pulp in about fifteen minutes. He beat three police men once and tore every shred of their uniform. They took him down to the Magistrate Dudly Perse and he was going to get the police men dismissed for allowing one man to be be able to get the better of them. This man was a great weight thrower he was at all the tournaments of his day for Athletic feats and carried off all the prizes. At that time in Loughrea, at the oats market

and Fr. Francis, when they went to Maynooth they were asked did Fr. Stafford teach them, as they excelled in most of their subjects. They also went to the college in Loughrea, but the teaching there could not come up with the standard of Stafford.
The cane he used was big bone, shin bone of a horse or a cow, and woe to the person who missed his lessons, for a blow of the bone across the back would help them to remember it for many a day. He also had a class at Clostoken.

the pot for the stirabout was always on the fire, and many were the customers throughout the day for something to eat.
This particular day they had a big number of callers and her mother was afraid the men working in the fields would come short of their dinner, but she gave every one that came a plate of porridge and a noggin of milk, she didn't let anyone out hungry, and she always believed even in after years that the porridge increased in the pot instead of reducing, when the men came in to the dinner, what they left would do as many (many) more Often the food would almost kill them after being so long fasting, one many that did eat after a long fast came as far as far as the school and died there. Another struggled as far as the gate above the Parochial House and this man was two days dead on the

Every farmer sows potatoes. Long ago the people of Ireland had no food to eat but potatoes. The farmer sows many kinds of potatoes. Some of their names are Arran Banner, Golden Wonder.
The Kerr's Pink is the best potato that the farmer has. It is of a pink colour. The potatoes which are sown in early spring are the Epicures and the Striped Champion. The flounder is sown in early Spring also but not in this district. The soil must be well manured for the sowing of potatoes. The potatoes are manured with the animals leavings. At first the farmer

Ireland is far famed for its beautiful green lanes, boreens as they are called by the people.
Some of them have quaint old Irish names, denoting some episode that happened in the past and from which they take the name. In the townland of Sonnagh there is the "Gambler's Road" about a hundred years ago the Board of Work planned a new road from Loughrea to Gort across the mountain to give the poor people employment. There was a certain sum of money allowed by the government, but before quarter of the work was done the money had gone out. The men instead of doing the work played cards all day the making of the road came to

As the Winter winds blew wildly on that cold December night
When the sad news reach Kinvara of a tragic mournful sight 'Twas the finding of two brothers in their cold corpse side by

They then marched down the town again to meet Ardrahan men,
Who said these are Mac's windows and they quickly broke them in The next place that they halted was outside the Royal Hotel Where Duffy again addressed them and those words to them did tell. He told our boys to keep quiet for the news it was gone round About the smashing of Mac's windows and the breaking in the pound IV Then then marched up the town and the firing did begin, And passing up Mac's windows they quickly shoved them in. The head he now lined up his men and ordered a baton charge, I think that he was foolish for our crowd it was to large. He lined his men across the bridge no mercy did he show,

Twas on the 4th of August down in Kilbeacanty
We had a public meeting as you may plainly see We had our Rev. Chairman and Duffy from Loughrea To protest against Lord Gough that they came there that day II 'Twas on a Monday morning Our chapel bell did ring 'Twas heard throughout the parish and all our young men came And when they did assemble they were led into Gort town Where Kilbeacanty boys marched forward to meet those under the crown III

When he found that the cattle were missing
For home he did quickly prepare And when he arrived in Knockordha He was like an old man in despair VII A mob he quickly collected Of captain's and lieutenants combined With big Fardy Fitzgerald the leader Who hopped in so quickly to line. VIII They marched over bogs and high mountains Inquiring for tidings and news They found them in Kilnadeema And they not worth an old pair of shoes.

III
How fondly in my memory dwells Each well beloved scene The grooves beside the school-house and the gardens by the green The fertile vales where joyous Spring Her earliest blossoms showered Amongst the fragrant flowering trees That bloom round Galway Road IV A radiant vision rises now Before my tear dimmed gaze The mountains woods and meadows Where I spent my happy days The blue lake's tranquil bosom Where I often swam and rowed And the waving golden corn fields That smile round Galway Road. V O birthplace of my sweetest dreams My youthful passion's shrine I'd give all (worldly) worldly wealth If one poor cabin there were mine

He gave me a dreadful shock
And I knew that man was innocent just as well as me. Thank God now from the scaffold we both are set free Farewell to friends and neighbours and to all I love so dear My father and my mother for me will shed a tear My sisters and my brothers life I'll bid you all good day Bye For I'm locked up in cold irons until the day I die But now the day is close at hand When we'll be shown fair play Our members and brave Parnell Are working night and day To see our native Parliament in College Green once more Our boys won't be transported From their lovely Shamrock shorePatrick Forde Raheen

Virgin from the scaffold now I'm free
All in all the Co. Galway I was reared most tenderly Convenient to Craughwell town As you all now plainly see I never injured anyone I knew in all my life And for the shooting of Peter Doherty I never did the crime The night that Doherty was shot I was lying on my bed Although his sister swore I was behind the hedge I needn't thank her for my life It was the people's prayer That saved me from the scaffold high And from an early graveII The day of the trial as I stood upon the dock when I saw Muldowney there

lán le cruithneacht. Bhí sí foluighthe os a cionn agus ní raibh uirthi ach
póirin amháin nach gcuirfeá isteach do ladhaircín ann, leis an aer a leigeann isteach ag an gcruithneacht. Ní túisge a bhí gach rud réidh ag an rí agus é go socair sásta dhó féin, ná tháinig pláigh chuileóg chun na tíre. Bhí an speir chomh reamhar sin leo gur mhuchadar solus an lae. Níor stadadar go bhfuaireadar amach an áit a raibh an cruithneacht. Annsin chuaidh ceann aca isteach ar na bpóirín thug léi amach gráinne amháin de'n cruithneacht agus dimthigh. Fuair an sgéalaidhe an inghean le pósadh ón rí.

Bhí rí ann fadó agus bhí dúil mór i sgéalaidheacht aige. Bhí inghean alúinn aige, agus gheall sé an inghean do fhear ar bith a cheapfadh sgéal nach mbeadh deireadh ar bith leis. Tháinig a lán daoine agus thosuigheadar ag sgéalaidheacht, acht ní raibh an rí sásta leó. Tháinig fear chuig an rí adubhairt go raibh sgéal maith féin. Dinnis sé dó go raibh rí mór cumhachtach ann, na cianta cairbreacha roimhe sin agus ar faitcíos go dtiocfadh ganntan nó gorta ar a thír, rinne sé gráinseach mhór a raibh méid cnuic innti agus líon sé an gráinseach sin liom

About thirty years ago a man named Thomas Boyce was renowned for his ploughing. He was locally known as the "Frog" but he states himself that when he was ploughing in a competition he did not go like a frog, but quite the opposite, like a hare, and almost as swift as one.Michael Byrne a famous walker long ago used to walk a great distance to fairs and auctions. He often walked from Wicklow town to Greystones, also to Arklow and would arrive home safe and sound at about midnight.
Johnnie Cash a famous bag-piper resided at the Ball-alley. He won cups and medals everywhere he went. He won the championship of

Once upon a time there lived two brothers, one was very rich, and the other was very poor. The poor brothers had to work very hard at cobbling to earn his living. While the rich brother roamed lazily about. They both were married. The poor brother lived in a small cabin and the rich brother lived in a beautiful Castle.
One night when the poor brother was cobbling he heard a knock at the door the poor brothers wife went down and opened the door a tall dark ma stood outside. The tall dark man asked her if she if she would let him in shelter for the night. "I will and welcome" said the old woman. They went into the kitchen and sat down at five. The dark man said "you have a very bad fire". "I have: that is all the turf I have". When I was coming in I saw a fine stack of turf out there said the tall man O! do not go near that or if you do we will be shot: "Nonsense" said

and though benighted compelled to rest by the wayside.
One night she was making her way homewards exhausted after a long and weary day's work; she sat on a fence to rest a while. It was the dead hour of the night. Having rested a while she arose to "make the rest of the road home", and had not gone far when she noticed a beautiful house in a field. All the rooms were brightly lighted up. She was amazed and to satisfy her curiosity went over and looked through in the windows, but could see no one. She then entered the house, and searched every room, but could not see nor hear anybody. Finally she lay down on a bed in one of the rooms and fell asleep. When she awoke in the morning she found herself lying in a rath with a stone under her head as a pillow.

The name of my home district is Ballyshea. It is situated in the parish of Kilchreest in the barony of Dunkellin in the Co Galway. There are seven families living in it but the exact number of people living in it is thirty one. It is a fairly big village. there are two slated houses in it and five thatched ones. The first slated house was built about fifty years ago and the second one was built five years ago. The oldest person in the district is Michael Murphy

amongst the most popular. These customs will live in Ireland as long as grass grows and water runs and oppression and slavery have failed to destroy them.These facts were related to me by my father Michael MacCarthy on May the 3rd 1938.

of the wall. When Lahardane old school first started the teachers were not paid by the government like now.
The highest pay they got at first was eight pounds yearly, and each pupil who attended the school had to pay a small fee of about ten shillings a year. And when this fee would be demanded of them, if they came to school without it, they would be sent home every day until it would be paid. Education was not then compulsory. Slates were mostly used then, and also gooses-quills for writing with ink. They used to get one half-hour play everyday, and it was in English the pupils conversed during this time. Ita Corcoran, Caffoley, Lahardane, Ballina, Co. Mayo

The Wren BoysSaint Stephen's day is a great day of sport throughout the country.
Boys and men dress in quaint coloured costumes and they wear funny masks on their faces so that they would not be known. They go from house to house singing, dancing and playing; then the woman of the house gives them some money. They start off again to the next house playing and singing. They share their money and go home. Some of them play on mouthorgans and others on fiddles. They sing The wren, the wren, the king of all birds On Saint Stephen's was caught in the furze". Tessie Daly, Maugherneerla, Eyrecourt.

The Wren BoysSaint Stephen's day is a great day of sport throughout the country.
Boys and men dress in quaint coloured costumes and they wear funny masks on their faces so that they would not be known. They go from house to house singing, dancing and playing; then the woman of the house gives them some money. They start off again to the next house playing and singing. They share their money and go home. Some of them play on mouthorgans and others on fiddles. They sing The wren, the wren, the king of all birds On Saint Stephen's was caught in the furze". Tessie Daly, Maugherneerla, Eyrecourt.

Stad an feirmeóir agus chuimhnig, ach dúbhairt go dtabharfadh [sé] leis an cailín. D'imthigheadar leó ansan an fear agus an cailín, ach nuair a d'éirig an feirmeóir ar maidean bhí a raibh do stoc aige marbh.
Thug sé leis sluasad agus órd agus seo leis chun na leasa. Bhí sé ag raobadh tamall nuair a tháinig an seana-duine agus dubhairt leis an bhfear dul abhaile agus go mbeadh an stoc 'na mbeataidh arís. Chuaidh sé abhaile agus bhí sé tamall ag an dtig nuair a dúbhairt a bhean leis dul ar thuairisc a h-athar. "N'fheadar-sa ca'il t-athair," ar seisean. "Tabharfad-sa leitir dhuit a thabharfaidh ann tú" ar sise. Do thug agus d'imthig sé agus bhí sé ag imtheacht riamh is choidhche go mbain sé amach tig a h-athar. Bhí an t-athair agus a uillin curtha sios tris' an mbórd aige ó bheith ag gol i ndiaidh a inghine. "Croth suas tú féin," arsan fear, "Tá t-inghean n-a beathaidh agam-sa". "Am b'amhlaidh a tháinígis chun a bheith ag magadh fúmsa," arsan t-athair. "Dá mbeadh aon urchar sa guna agam do chaithfinn tú. "Seo leitir duit" arsan fear D'fheuch an t-athair uirthe agus dúbhairt gur b'í lámh a inghine a dhein é sin. Dúbhairt a bheirt mhac an rud ceudna. Chreid an t-athair é ansan. Chuaidh an t-athair agus an bheirt mhac agus an chliamhain ansan go dtí tig na h-inghine, agus

"Fág an áit sin," arsan feirmeóir "nó chuirfhin an maide ceangailte ud' cheann".
"Ó! ná dein." arsan seanduine, "is amhlaidh a thángasa anso chun go raghfá ag fuadach mná." D'fhiafruig sé de'n bhfeirmeóir an raghadh sé farais agus dúbhairt sé go rachadh. D'imthigheadar agus bhí saghas capaill acu agus nuair a léimeadh an capall na cladhthacha, "Mhuise mo ghrádh do léim a sheana-bhéim ceuchta." a deireadh an seana-duine. Thángadar go dtí tig an rínnce agus dúbhairt an seana duine leis an bhfear dul isteach agus an cailín a chasadh sa rínnce. Chuaidh se isteach agus do dhein sé mar dúbhairt an seana=duine leis..... Thainig sé amach agus bhí an cailín amuigh roimis. D'imthigheadar ortha agus bhíodh an cailín a' rádh leis an bhfear gur chuma léi ach gan í leigeant leis an sean duine agus dúbhairt an fear léi ná leigfeadh. Bhíodar a cur dóibh riamh is coidhche gur thángadar go dtí lios. "Seadh!" arsan sean-duine, "téidhir-se abhaile anois, agus go bhfágadh Dia do shaoghal agus do shláinte agat, agus bead-sa agus í seo ag dul abhaile." "Cogar," ansan fear, "Ní bhfuair-ise aon chuid dá duadh san ach mise, b'fhéidir gur b'é do cheann a bhrúghfainn-se ar an gclaidhe mar a n-éist-fá agus bhfearra dhuit cuir díot." "Deunfad a dhá oiread oilc ort," ars an sean-duine.

Bread was made from wheat and corn and oats. grown locally. The people remember querns being used. The different kinds of bread that the people remember being made were - potato - bread, Boxty bread and oaten- meal bread. The following ingredients were used when making potato-breads- mashed potatoes and

The bread was baked every day. There is a cross put on top of the cake when it is made. The name of the vessel in which cakes are made is the pot-oven. Pan-cakes are usually made for shrove- Tuesday night and potato-bread is made for Hallow E'en.

Between Glan Church and Orlar stands Cloch na hÁltóra. This is a large rock which was used as a Mass long ago. Once upon a time there was a priest's servant going on a message for the priest. At that time the priests lived on shores of lakes and lonely places.
When he was returning spies followed him over Orlar road and overtook him on a mound near where the priest lived and shot him dead. He was buried there and a tree grew over his grave and there is a light to be seen going round the tree

Sean na Sagart and Bingham Sean na Sagart used to kill priests, he used to keep their heads and give them to a man named Bingham who was living near Castlebar. He was a long time gathering priest's heads so at last he had the roofs of live barns full with heads. When he was a year or so at this work God put a plague of lice on him. He body was covered over with lice so at last he could not have clothes on him. Then he got a leather suit made and when this suit was made he put it on him as he thought this would banish the lice. When he put this on him he was as bad as ever. So at last he was so

Many years ago there was a priest in this parish of Mullinahone named, Father Martin, One winter morning a messenger came to the Priests house to tell him Dany Brien was w very suck, and in danger of death. The Priest ordered his horse to be saddled and as the day was very wet he took his Umbrella with him. This was the first time an umbrella was seen here and the people wondered what it was for. When the Priest reached the door of the house where the man was ill he closed his umbrella and went inside, he opened his umbrella again to let the water run off it more quickly. While he was attending to the sick man in the room the people were gazing at the umbrella and were afraid to touch it. When the Priest was finished he left the house but forgot to take his umbrella.
The people did not like to see him returning without it and thought they would send someone after him with it. Several times they tried to push it through the door but failed to do so, The Priest, having missed his umbrella returned and was much amused to see one of the men

This school is built on the Headfort Estate. The Marquis of Headfort, who lives at Kells, owns the Park, part of Virginia, and the lake. The Headforts were not bad landlords but they had Agents named O'Connor and Sargeant who evicted many families.
The Headfort Estate and the Napper Estate were touching - between Lurganboy and Newcastle. They agreed to drain the Estates. This was done and now a drain divides County Meath from Cavan. There was great trouble in the beginning of the nineteenth century on the Rotherham Estate near Oldcastle. The landlord was called the Old Terror because of his cruelty to the tenants. On one occasion when he and his family were driving in a coach near Virginia Road Station a shot was fired at him and he

Lindsey Fitzpatrick of Hollymount House, Co. Mayo had large estates in Kilmaine Parish. The Land Commission purchased his estates in the property, had the lands divided, houses built and tenants installed. Frenchbrook was grazing ranch of 600 acres (Irish). Another 300 acres were divided in the townland of Thomastown. Fitzpatrick had demesne and other lands in the vicinity of Hollymount. These lands and the landlord's mansion were acquired by the I.L.C. The mansion and some of the demense lands were repurchased by Mr McCarton the present occupier.This landlord was a sporting gentleman. His game rights were well protected in Frenchbrook and the place was notorious for pheasants which had the best of cover in the scrub which grew there. He kept a pack of hounds and hunted for a considerable time over South Mayo where many a red fox was run to earth. He also kept racing horses one of which won the Galway Plate. His niece was married to the Duke of Westminister, and two other nieces to two German princes. As a patron of sport and the stage he was very popular. He was instrumental in directing Mr Walter McNally's career as a singer.
The next largest ranch in this parish Kilmaine) belonged to Miller of Milford. It comprised about 200 Irish acres in the townlands of Rathgranagher and Milford.

Lindsey Fitzpatrick of Hollymount House, Co. Mayo had large estates in Kilmaine Parish. The Land Commission purchased his estates in the property, had the lands divided, houses built and tenants installed. Frenchbrook was grazing ranch of 600 acres (Irish). Another 300 acres were divided in the townland of Thomastown. Fitzpatrick had demesne and other lands in the vicinity of Hollymount. These lands and the landlord's mansion were acquired by the I.L.C. The mansion and some of the demense lands were repurchased by Mr McCarton the present occupier.This landlord was a sporting gentleman. His game rights were well protected in Frenchbrook and the place was notorious for pheasants which had the best of cover in the scrub which grew there. He kept a pack of hounds and hunted for a considerable time over South Mayo where many a red fox was run to earth. He also kept racing horses one of which won the Galway Plate. His niece was married to the Duke of Westminister, and two other nieces to two German princes. As a patron of sport and the stage he was very popular. He was instrumental in directing Mr Walter McNally's career as a singer.
The next largest ranch in this parish Kilmaine) belonged to Miller of Milford. It comprised about 200 Irish acres in the townlands of Rathgranagher and Milford.

(Bhíodh) Chuile dhuine a bhíodh ina gcomhnuidhe fadó bhí ortha an méidh beatha a ithidhis a thabhairt tré portaigh agus tré aibhneacha gan bróg ná stoca.
Bhí fear ann fadó agus bhí sé ag teacht o Ghaillimh le mála plúir agus bhí sé ag deanamh aithghiorra treasna na sléibhte agus sé ag cur sneachta agus níor fhéadh sé a bhealach a dhéanamh abhaile agus tháinig an fuacht millteach sin air. Tuith sé as a sheasam agus nior éirigh sé go bfuair sé bás. Oidhche na taoille móire tháínig sé isteach ins na tighthibh agus bhí dhá doras ortha agus bhí sé ag teacht isteach i ndoras amháin agus ag dul amach san doras éile agus béighin do na daoine imteachth astú. Nuair a bhiodh fataí agus rudaí mar sin curtha acha bhiodh beithidhig amuigh ar an sliabh acha agus beidhir sa meadhon oidhche go dtiocfadh siadh sin isteach agus an chéad áith a rachaidís ná isteach ins na fataí, caitheadh muinntir an tighe éirigh annsin agus íad a cur amach

an fear seo inánn sluasaid a chur faoí mála cementh agus é a chaitheadh amach as bád. Ní raibh aon riachain [ríochan] le Colm Seoighe ag rith.

a bhleaghain agus ceann de na stocaí cniotáilte aici. Bhí fear éile dárbh ainmh Tomás Ó Neacthain Shiubhal o Sraith Salach go Gallimh agus theastuigh uaidh mála cruithneacht agus cúpla cloch mhin bhuidhe a thábhairt abhaile leis chaith sé an cheadh cruithneacht ar a druimh agus an cúpla cloch min bhuidhe faoi ascail agus dimthigh léis abhaile. Tá fear shois i Sraith Sálach darbh ainmh Path Shéain agus bhí sé an láidir. Nuair a bhíod sé ag dúl chuig an síopa i gcoinne mála plúir bhiodh na geataí oscailte don trean, chrochadh sé an tasál ar a druimh agus thiubhrádh sé treasna an bóthair iarainn é. Chuala mé fréisin go raibh sé inán seisear gárdaí siothcána a bhuaileadh bhí sé an mhaith ag caitheadh an úirdh [oird].
Bhí Pádraigh Mach in Iomaire indón coiréal suas léis an capall rása ag rith ach cuaidh fear eile in h-agaidh darbh ainmh Padhraigh Ó Uaithne agus sín é an áith abhí an spraoí cuidh aca ag radh go mbéadh an rás ag Padhráig Mach in Iomhaire, agus an cuidh éile ag radh go mbeadh sé ag an bfear éile ach tosuigheadhar ag rith agus bhí an rás ag Padhraig Mach in Iomhaire.Bhí

Blackie and white went up the hill, blackie came down and white stood still?
A hen laying an egg.The head of a pipe, the heart of a fig, when carefully joined to the end of a wig, spells the name of an animal, when dead an excellent dish is made of his head? A Pig. Three brothers were going by a school and the first one said I'll go in to see my brothers children, and the second brother said I'll go in too, and the third said I won't go in to see by brothers children for I have now. How did that come. Because he was their father.

Long ago there was horse-galloping at wedding, there was nothing for the person that would be late but the person that would be first would get a bottle of whiskey. At a house named Norrises there was going to be a wedding. There were twenty-four horses at it. Coming home there was a man named Morris in front and he was going to win the race when a man behind leaped the ditch and got in the lane first.

A journey-man weaver was going round the country. He came to a house and stayed their for a long time. One day the man of the house was working at hay when he saw a shower coming. The man went for the weaver to come and help him. The weaver saw that the shower was gone so he was in no hurry to help him. When he reached the man was very vexed so he ran with the fork to stick him. The weaver told him to take his time or if he would not go about his business he would make that little frog put him out of the meadow. The man dared either the weaver or the frog to put him out. The weaver told the frog to put him out so he grew and grew until he was the size of a good dog. Then he gave one or two jumps towards the man so he had to jump the ditch as quick as he could. The weaver told the frog to come back. He turned and came back to his usual size so he hopped back up the gripe.

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My Grandmother then sold them in the various markets for nine pence and often a shilling each. At present my uncle makes the ordinary plain basket and sells them in the shops. Got by Margaret Brogan, age 13. Barrack St, Granard, Co. Longford. From Mrs Brigid Carr, age 72. New St, Granard, Co. Longford.

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She then peeled them with a cleaner or shaver, which was shaped like a cow's horn, and could not be made in Ireland. This removed all the green skin from the rods. She next tied up all the rods for making the fancy baskets into bundles of thirty, and put them into a pot of boiling magenta to colour them. When they were sufficiently coloured they were taken out, and stuck down into a basket board for standers. The rods were well worked evenly and firmly around that until the basket was complete.

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Basket Making 13th Jan; 1938 My Grandmother, Brigid Carr, who is now 72 years of age, and living in Granard, Co. Longford told me that she used to earn her living by making and selling at home, and in the nearest towns in this county creels, potato baskets and fancy coloured shopping baskets. This is how she made them - She gathered sallow rods, and cleaned them with a "brake", which was made from two pieces of iron welded together.

house now occupied by Mr Reid.

The leipreachans are also called gankadháns. He is about 2ft high. He is about dressed in red. There is leipreachans in Cooneys fields. They mostly make shoes. A farmer caught a leipreahan and tied him in the corner. He threatened him that he would bake him on the griddle if he did not give up the gold. They got the gold and let him go.
The fairies used bring some people away in the night and bring them round the country.

dreamnaí daoine ag dul thart agus ag tabhairt leo beithigheach na ndaoine bochta gan aon buidhceas daoibhte.
Thánaig dream agus thógadar capall Diarmuid [Dhiarmada] . Chuala sé go raibh a chapall féin tóighthe aca. Chaith sé uaidh [dhe]a bhróga agus bíodar seacht míle uaidh an uair sin acht as go bráth [brách] leis ag rith agus thánaic sé suas orrtha [leo] ag Crois Bhótair Caiseal [Chaisil]. Nuair a tháinig sé chuca agus nuair a connaic sé a chapall féin léim sé air, agus thug sé abhaile é agus ní raibh na fir indhon é a stopadh. Bhi fear an fadó. Maitéis Buiréid a bhi mar ainm air. Bhí sé in a cómhnuidhe i Leitirdeiscirt in aice le Cárna. Théigheadh sé dhá uair sa seactmhain go damhsa a bhíod in Imleachruadh. Acht

chur tríd.
Annsin fuair sí tuairgín agus thosuigh sí dhá mbuaileadh [bhualadh] i mullach a chinn. Bhi an fear bocht i ngar do bheadh [bheith] marbh agus do cloineadh [cluineadh] sa Domhan thoir ag glaodhach é. Tánaig [tháinig] fear isteach a chuala an torn [torann]. D'fiafruigh sé don fhear céard a bhi air. Dúbhairt sé leis gur léine nua a bhí a bhean ag déanamh dhó agus ní fhéadach si a cloigeann [chloigeann] a chur tríd an bafatí [mbaifití]. Fuair an fear sgian agus ghearr sé thóin [tóin] an mála acht bhí an cloigeann bocht briste brúite.

Timpeall dhá fhicead bliadhain ó shoin, bhi fear óg i mBéal-an átha-fada agus chuir a mháthair chun an aonaigh é ag díol stumpa de bullán leis an gcíos a íoc. Chuaidh sé chun an aonach [aonaigh] agus dhíol sé an bullán. Thug sé spéis mór do chailín óg ag an aonach agus dfiafruigh sé dhe an bpósfadh sí é. Dúbhairt sí go bpósfadh. Chuaidh an cúpla suas go dtí an sagairt agus phósadar. Ceithre punt a fuair sé ar an mbullán agus ceithre punt a thug sé don tsagairt.
"Bíodh an clampar ag an gcíos tá an bhean agamsa anois" ar seisean agus ní

On Sunday evening I walked up to Pat Murtaghs who is an old resident of Shercock. I wished to find out if he could tell me anything about this district. I asked him did he know anything about Hidden treasure in this he said that he never heard the old people talk about it and was therefore quite sure there were none.
He told me there was an old hedge school in Killcrossduff in a private house about 100 years ago. The school masters name was Mr Oates. He said he was a very clever man and knew four languages. He lived in the house that the present Mr Mc Intyre lives in now. He taught in one of the rooms and on fine days he taught out in the open field. There were about twelve pupils in the school. When the school was broken up he after wards taught in Lecks school.

Emigrants left Kilmacow and Dunkitt in great numbers. They walked it into Waterford and had their possessions in a car which came after them. They left Waterford in Forristal’s sailing ships which were famous at that time. These were a line of ships owned by a man named Larry Forristal. This man lived on the Kilkenny side of the river in a house called Mount Misery. This house can be seen quite clearly from the Quays, Waterford. The emigrants had to bring their own food with them that would support them until they reached America and they also had to bring their own bedding and they had to bed down in the most convenient places.
Fr Gaule, a relative of the narrator, was one of those who travelled across to America on one of Forristal’s ships. This Forristal may have been related to the Kilkenny Forristal’s a famous Norman family who came to Ireland with Strongbow and settled in the County Kilkenny.

An Old StoryThis happened in 1895
It being the month of September. This man went out on business of his own. At the time the district was well protected by the athorities it wasn't safe to be out after dark for fear of an out rage but out he had to go. There was no land divided at the time and to cross this farm it was supposed to be haunted there was no people living near it. I was surprised to see a man coming strait to me thinking it was the herd I stood and pretended to light my pipe. I wondered what he was out for but it was not the herd he was a man I never saw before. He said good-night Jack as

Local maridge Customs.Marriages usually take place during shrove and June. There is a superstition about marrying in May. "If you marry in May you'll rue the day". Matches are made and the girl get a fortune. She also gets a fortune from her parents. Hauling homes were customary but in late years the newly married couple go on their honeymoon. Racing on horses on the way home was practiced. In this district a man stole a girl for his son and brought her on horse-back behind him. The girl thought it was boy's father that wanted her for a wife and was satisfied to go marry him.

A ghost storyWhen the Cathedral in Sligo was being built a man from Cregg was working at it. He used to stay in Sligo until the weekend and go home every Saturday. One night he missed the bus to Sligo and started walking towards the Wooden Bridge when a figure in white glided from a bush and walked with him, he said "Good-night", but the Ghost did not answer. The man started running to Sligo but the Ghost still followed him. At last he came to his digs and as soon as he opened the door he fainted. The next morning he went to work all the men were laughing at him and he asked them what was wrong. They told him to look in the looking glass

1. A red sky in the morning is the sailors warning a red sky in the night is the sailors delight.2. When the sun goes down red it is a good sign.
3. The long boat towing the ship is bad sign. 4. The south-yeast wind known as the Ballintogher wind always brings rain. 5. The wind from the east is neither good for man nor beast. 6. The north-east wind is always cold and dry. 7. The westerly wind is mild but damp. 8. The north-west and south-west wind in winter are usually strong often reaching gale force.

A cure for whooping cough is to fill a saucer full of milk and give it to a ferret to drink and whatever he leaves over let the person who has the cough drink it.Another old cure for a cough is to get a spanish onion and mix it with brown sugar. Leave it covered for the night and dink it in the morning.
A cure for a sore throat is to put a piece of red flannel round the throat. An old cure for corns is to tie a piece of limpid, of a sock, to the corn for a night. A cure for a sty on the eye is to pick ten thorns of a gooseberry tree and throw one away and point

Michael Muldoon, a native of Cregg, was a local horse jockey and ploughman. Once he was to go ploughing for a man in Lower Rosses. He did not turn up in the time promised. The man went over to the Muldoons to see what was the matter. Muldoon said,
"it is easy talking, but if you spent the night I did you would not be fit for much ploughing. I was called out of my bed at three o'clock this morning by the fairies and had to mount one of their horses and ride from my own door to lead an army to the highest peak of Benbulben. They did not let me home till seven o'clock this morning, anyhow I will get ready andd go ploughing for you."

ceremony of handing over the keys to the teachers was performed by the Parish Pries on the 1st of Jany 1928 and the school was officially opened on the following day following a Mass celebrated by the Rev. P. Corcoran C.C., in the building in the presence of a large congregation of parents children and teachers. The contractor for the building of the new school was a Mr Reynolds of Co. Roscommon. In August of the following year the old school was demolished, the roof, stones, furniture, fittings etc. were sold. The site was levelled and a wall was built around thr ground which is now part of the Chapel Yard. Some of the Roll Books dating back to 186 are still preserved in the new school, though what has become of the earlier Roll Books or Registers no one knows.

About a half mile from Kilkishen village a distillery was was kept by Mr Studdert near the farmyard in an old canal.
He had a license to keep one still but he kept two, Some time afterwards one of the stills got broken . A travelling man came and he saw the still. Mr Studdert said he would give him five pounds if he could fix it. The man said he would fix it, he set to work and in space of one hour he had it fixed. Then the Traveller demanded the five pounds, but the owner would give him only one. The man would not take the pound, then he went and told the Revenue agents, they came and put and put an end to the Kilkishen distillery.

Is pér bith ceal a déanfar díom ní dhéanfad ná go h-éag.
Is truag liom do charachtar is é scríobhta ós do chíonn Nuair a bhreathnuighim ar mo dhoras thigeadh orainn [arraing] in mo thaobh Nuair a léighean [léigihim] (léim)as an bpáipéar gach lá dá raibh ins an mí. IV Tháinig an gabharnóir go dtí mise is sheas sá le mo thaobh Ná spárálaidh neart oibre air, ná ar aon fhear as a thír. Ná raibh maith ar bith ag t'onóir, ag do bhean ná ag do chlann [chlainn] Ach déan do dhícheall orm-sa is ní bheidh mé agat ach mí. V Nuair do h-orduigheadh amach Dia Domhnaigh muid ag siubhalóid san bhfás Ba ghearr le caoirigh beartha muid, le gorta 's le call Is go bpiocfadh muid na duilleabharaidh A bhíodh ag tuitim anuas den chrann. VI Ní bheadh suim ar bith i mí-fhada agam Marrach an muirghin a bhí in mo dhiaidh

I
Cuireadh mi mhór fada orm Cúirt Malliughthe Doire an fhiaidh. h - Orduigheadh síos go Gaillimhj mé ar scór is aon lá dhéag Nuair a h-osgluigheadh amhach na geataí dhom be ghearr le ifreann é Cuireadh in mo chroiceann mé mar rug mo máithrín mé II Fáisgead culaith bhreac orm is í ar fad faoi stripeanna [straidhpeannaí] péire bróga faiseanta agus scripe ar mo láimh clé Ní bfuair mé ann an cead tseachtmhain ach brocán mine buidhe Cloiginín de bhuilín is ba cruaidhe e na an chloch aoil Táinic beagán bisigh orm an tseachtmhain a bhí dhár gcionn D'fhaighinnse muigín coco is bainne le cur thríd Gac a bfághainn ar maidin ar mo dinnéar is san oidche Ní tiubharfadh bean dá leanbh é a beadh ag deamhal [diúl] ar a cí [cíche (cíoch)] III Ní raibh mé istigh ac seachtmhain nuair a d'fiafruigh an Turncé Cé'n chuir [choir] a rinne tú a chuir annseo tú as Doire an fhiaidh. Achrann a thainig treasna orm 's dhearna mé ariamh bréag,

I'm a simple tenant farmer, from the Co. of Wicklow
I always strive to gain respect no matter where I go, It's for honesty of justice, I do solemnly declare I’m the Ross I am fighting for my native land I think it only fair. Hurrah for Mr. Parnell and his gallant little band He did his best we must confess for his own dear native land, I love the little spot, where I have my piece of land, It's the farm my father tilled no mansion half so grand.This song was composed by Edward Harte of Ballas.

I'm a simple tenant farmer, from the Co. of Wicklow
I always strive to gain respect no matter where I go, It's for honesty of justice, I do solemnly declare, I am fighting for my native land I think it only fair. Hurrah for Mr. Parnell and his gallant little band He did his best we must confess for his own dear native land, I love the little spot, where I have my piece of land, It's the farm my father tilled no mansion half so grand. And I’m the Ross of Wicklow gleaneally and I’m so tanned This song was composed by Edward Harte of Ballas.

I'm a simple tenant farmer, from the Co. of Wicklow
I always strive to gain respect no matter where I go, It's for honesty of justice, I do solemnly declare I’m the Ross I am fighting for my native land I think it only fair. Hurrah for Mr. Parnell and his gallant little band He did his best we must confess for his own dear native land, I love the little spot, where I have my piece of land, It's the farm my father tilled no mansion half so grand.This song was composed by Edward Harte of Ballas.

There is the ruins of an old castle in Aughnanure in the town-land of Ard-na- Sella in Oughterard.
The O'Flahertys that built it. They invited a priest to the castle and when it was time for him to go to bed one of the O'Flahertys brought him back to a room and there was a trap door in it. The priest had a dog with him and he stood on the trap and he went down and only for that the priest would be (drow) droned. When the people near the O'Flahertys would kill a pig they had to give them half of it and half of the butter

there were a few of them up in New Village near Glann. Some of them have only two stones standing and one on top of them in others there are three stones standing and one on top of them.
There is a pile of stones on a hill to the south of Rusheeney called "Clocai Hill" in remembrance of a man called Martin Folan who died there. Some people say he was fishing others say he was after sheep. When people add a stone to these piles they say the Lord have mercy on the dead.

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Famine Times The famine began in 1845 and continued until 1847. The cause of the famine was that the potato crop failed. There was a man in Gortonamona near Tullamore named O'Connor. This man was a kind landlord and he asked no rent from the people that lived in the houses in his land. The Charleville wall was built in the time of the famine. The men who built the wall worked for six-pence a day. Most of the people dies with he hunger, caused by the famine. The people gathered together at the market house during the famine time to get Indian meal to make porridge

13
When people get a sting of a nettle they get a dock leaf and they rub it on the stung of the nettle and it cures it. A cure for a corn is to get a black snail and roast it and while it is hot out it on the wet cloth and then put the snail on the corn. John Molyneaux, Offaly Street, Tullamore

7
too be the principal then in Offaly. The Court House was built and the Judge sat in Tullamore. The rich people came from Daingean to Tullamoore. The people could go to Dublin from Tullamoore by train in three hours and they would have to spend a week to go from Daingean by canal boats. Long ago fairs were held between Shragh Castle and Ballycowan in a place called the Fair Green. John O'Brien, Corndarragh, Tullamoore

a thug duine des na fearaibh a bhí ag baint na bprátaí conaic sé an tulca mor sa loc agus an t-ainmidhe ag gluaiseacht go mear soir fé dhéin na mban. Do liúg sé ortha agus ritheadar agus dfhágadar putoga agus eile na ndiaidh. Tháinig an pist amac ar an bport agus sloig gach aon ceann riamh aca siar na sgórnuig agus isteach sa loc léi agus ní fheacadar san a tuille í.
Is amhlaidh a bolathuig na putóga agus tháinig sé fé na ndéin. Ar ór na airgead ní raghad aoinne de muinntir na h-áite go dtí an loc le putóga cun iad a níghe riamh ó thoin.

Both evictions and plantings were carried out. He evicted people out of their homes the man he evicted was James Hoare Lavagh, Rooskey, Dromod, Co. Roscommon. The evicted people used to go to America and to Scotland. The land used to be divided up into farms under them. They were punished for small acts. James Reynolds was punished for cutting bushes on his own farm without the landlords orders. They used to collect tithes in the district. They used to be collected in (tithes)/kind and often in money.
Got from: Maggie May Cox. Cronkell, Ruskey, Dromod

There are two forges in the Parish of Kilgalss namely Hoare's and Hands. Bracken is not in the forge now but the old forge is there yet it is at a cross roads. Hand's forge is in Knockhall and Hoares in Ruskey. None of their fathers were smiths. The forge is made of zinc, iron, the door is also made of iron. the fire place is made of stones. The smiths make ploughs and harrows, and spades and gates and horses shoes.
Teresa Kearns. Druminardly, Ruskey, Dromod

There are two forges in this Parish. Hands and Hoares. Bracken was a smith in another forge, but he is not there now. Hands only learned his trade a few years ago. There were none of his family smiths before him. The man that owns died some time ago he was a smith for over a hundred and fifty years. The forge is nicely situated on the side of the road surrounded by bushes.
Jack Duffy. Lavagh, Ruskey, Dromod.

Is tá an gual ar mbeatha is fearr a chuir tú ido bheá [?]
Tá cothú na dTorc ar an talamh is ar gaineamh na trághad Is tá cothú na mbocht ar a sgaipeas den deatach ón gcrann VIII I mbéal an athair nimhe seadh a chodail mé areir go sámh Teanga na péiste an peiliúr a bhí faoi mo cheann Má tá an bás ar chaon taobh díot níl contabhairt ort féin sa ngabh Is gan congnaimh ón bhfear éagtha ní feidir le luingis snámh VIV Tá an roc is an cat mara ag cur fhataí i ngleann na smól Tá Cuasnaga meala go fairsing ar uisgiáin mhóin Tá éadach catha Aongus i GCaiseal ag faire na mbó Is gur i miuleann i n'aondruim atá a theanga ag breacadh na mbró

IV
Tháinic mise isteach uirri, is í ag gearradh srang mo thúirne Déirigh sí go h aigeanta agus cuaidh sí siar don tseomra Chaith mé an oidhche ag faire uirri, 's ag intheacht ar mo ghlúna Is ní raibh blas ar bith don srang agam ach píosa beag don stompa V Tháinic cat Aunt Ivilin, 's dfiafruigh sé cén dlighe é Nó caide ó thosuigh an obair seo ar bhaintreacha dá dhéanamh Ac rachaid mo mainéir [mise I mbannaí] nach gcaithfeadh raithe an greimhreadh Go mbainfidh mise francís as an loc a ghearr an píosa.

IV
D'fhágadar an ealadh amach ar maidin, roimh an lá.Dia agus Muire leis an triúir, a bhí san ngábh. Ní raibh nidh ar bith dár ceannuigh siad, már tháinig i dtír sa Tráigh Bháin Ach mo thriúir-se buachaillí maithe, ní raibh a mbeó ná a marbh ann. V Bhí cumha indiad Patch 's Tom agam, 's caitheadh mór ina ndhiaidh Ní áireamh féin mo Mháirtín ban, a báthadh fadó ariamh Mo Mhicil an fear ba mheasa liom, dá rugadh bo' fhir ariamh. 'S brón ar an t-aon báidhte, nár fhága agam iad. VI Mhuire 's truag a gcuit deilleachtaithe, ará fagtha anois le fán Is beag a ceapadh sgathamh dóibh, a bheith sgaipthe anonn ná análl. An fear a thuibhrfadh ceart dóibh, céad faríor fuair sé bás Ach a dhearbhráthair, tuige nár cuimhnigh tú a teacht idtír sa snámh. VII Tharraí dibhse a dhearbhráitheacha, nár tháinic sibh idtír Cuirfidhe comhra chláir orraibh, amach ó lamh an t-saoir,

On the summit of the Dunmore hill, a fort stands, and to the south-east side of this is a raised mound of earth, seven or eight yards in legnth, which is called a Giant's grave, and on the summit of the hill to the south of the Dunmore, called Morning hill another fort stands.
Many stories are attached to the Dunmore fort. One story says that a man who resided in the district, went out one night to bring a horse which grazed by the fort. It is said that he saw a dazzling light at the fort, and that something led him into it, there he saw a room, beautifully lighted, and he heard

old acquaintance.
"I'm glad to see you, Con, and you can put trust in the 'good people's' word. It's I that will show you that I'm a gentleman and up to my word to a hair's breadth. Mind my bidding and follow me, but first take this mushroom in your left hand. While you hold t, it will make you as light as air- the same as I am myself. Now mind for your life don't name the name of God or say an 'Our Father'. As Con had gone so far, he thought he might as well go on, so taking the mushroom from the fairy, in the twinkling of an eye he became less than a ninepin. It was a great wonder to himself, that, though his legs were so small, he went as fast as thought to the top of the Cairn. Here was the fairy door and when his leader put his hand in his pocket out came a little key which the fairy man put into the keyhole. Before you could say Jack Robinson they were in the finest palace in the land. "And now," says the fairy to Con. "don't you want a little money? Come this way with me and fill your pockets." So they turned down a passage and came to a great irongrated door with a huge padlock to it, which, at the fairy's touch opened, and they entered into a sort of cellar full of bags of gold. "Make haste now, Con, and fill your pockets." So Con set to work and crammed as fast as he could, but

4
of Groghan Hill there is a well called St Patrick's well. The people visit it once every year on St Patricks day. There isa big flat stone over St Columcille's well bearing the following inscription, "Here angels shall enjoy my cell My nut, my apple and my well" The people visit the well every year on the 9th of June. High Mass is celebrated on that day in Durrow Chapel at eleven o clock. Timothy Lambe Arden Rd., Tullamoore.

Once upon a time there was a man going on his cuard and as he was passing a house he heard music and dancing and he went in and started dancing with them. He did not know how long he was within but he thought he was only a quarter of an hour but when he came out he was old and feeble and looked to be sixty years and when he went to the place where he used be in his "cuard" the house was in ruin and he died soon after. 19-9-38.

When my grandfather's son was dying, he was inside the room and it was about 11 p.m. He heard a band coming towards the house and when it was passing the house the music was beautiful. My grandfather's little son died soon afterwards.

pen, and that's worse for poor people than the loss itself. Well anyway, there was a knacker in Bruff and the woman sent him word to come and take away the dead cow. She hadn't man nor boy of her own to do it for her.The knacker came late in the evening, and he had only an ass and car for his work. He had no one to help him put the carcass on the car, but because it was his trade, he had the cow nearly loaded (put up) on the car, when a daughter of the woman came to help him. Between the two of them they put the finishing touches on the loading, and they started to leave the field.
They hadn't gone any distance when the girl who was walking behind or somewhere beside the car saw a big black dog, trying to pull the dead cow off the car. He was jumping up and down at it and running round the car, but he never ran in front of it. The girl got such a fright she did not remember any more until she came to herself at home. The cow was wanted in the fort. (Jos. O'Riordan, 62. (Ballinanty)

A SongThe Rush people were not allowed to take seaweed from the Skerries shore. Lord Holmpatrick was owner of Shionnac Island and he would not let them take wore off the island either. But some of the Rush farmers broke down the wall which prevented them from taking the seaweed from the island and took the seaweed.
Most of them were put in prison. An old woman named Mrs Mac Parklen who was then living in Rush composed a song. These are some of the verses:- "Pull down this pier", the gentle Lamb did say, I fear this deed is out of date, I cannot find the key, They gathered in a body strong to act to this man's wish, And the strongest proof they had

Once upon a time there was a witch in Clough. She lived in a grave-yeard. Anybody who passed the way between sun-set and sun-rise was never seen alive again. In Clough there lived a chieflaw who had a servant boy the chief told this boy that if he would kill the witch he would give him land. The boy promised that he would, and he set about doing so at once. He got his horse and three links of chaw and set off. when he came to the grave yard, he threw in the three links and then galloped off. The witch split a tree and came out, and got before him. She jumped at him and tried to catch his arrow, but he hit her with his sword and knocked off her arm. Then she said Hit me again, but he did not but went home. When he put the horse in the stable, he found the arm on the horse's neck. They had to cut off the mane of the horse to get the hand off, and then they fed the horse. On the next morning when they came to the stable to see the horse they found him dead. Soon after they filled up the doorway of the stable with stones, and they never re entered it again.

1. Long ago people ate three meals a day. They had porridge at seven o’clock in the morning. In some places people used to work before eating their morning meal. They used milk with their meals. They had buttermilk with potatoes for their dinner. The table was always by the wall. Oatmeal bread was the bread they used. They made it by putting meal in a bread board and wetting it with water and putting a pinch of salt in it. Tea did not become common in the district until about fifty years ago. 2. The people of this district used to eat three meals a day. They bought American bacon for two pence a pound, fish were very plenty and the people ate a lot of them. The vegetables they ate were turnips boiled with oaten meal and salt. On the tenth of November a cock is eaten in honour of Saint Martin. Tea was first in this district seventy years ago. The vessels that were timber mugs called noggins.

we pick the larger potatoes from the smaller and we cover them in long pits on the potato field.

VIIIThe attempted destruction of Swanlinbar Catholic Church.
Years after the new church of Swanlinbar had been built the landlord received a demand for a very heavy rent which had been placed upon it. The parish priest refused to pay it and the landlord threatened to destroy it as soon as the time given for payment of the rent had expired, however, all the able-bodied Catholics from the surrounding parishes flocked into Swanlinbar to prevent the destruction of their church and succeeded in doing so. In praise of their valour the following poem, which is still preserved in the locality was composed. I Ye gentle muses, I pray excuse me For my invasion on learning's wing, Inspire my genius, ye bards and sages, My country's praises I mean to sing. II Tradition mentions without contradiction How Blessed St. Patrick, he was sent o'er, By Pope Celestine to improve a vineyard called Inis Óg on the Virgin Shore.

2) "St James's Well is rather big. There are many trees growing over and about it. - an elder tree overgrown with ivy is overhanging the well and whitethorn grows round it. On the trees there are pieces of cloth hanging. They leave those pieces of cloth on the tree when cured in honour of St. James. People do not use this water for household purposes because

For to talk about the girls
Could a higher tongue command, With their fair and comly features They're a credit to our land You might search all Ireland over Aye and cross to Britian then, But you'll never find an equal For the girls of Glen Chorous Last two lines repeated twice (8) But this cruel emigration People daily going away, It has robbed our Irish nation Of the active and the gay. And from here they're daily going In the very best of men Ad they part in grief and sorrow From their people in the Glen Chorous Last two lines repeated twice (9) O please God the day is coming When we'll have no more to roam, We'll have joyment and employment In our native land at home

About forty five years ago two men were living in Cashel. One day they went to Clifden. They had to walk it because there were no bicycles at the time. They left at about eight o'clock in the morning and reached Clifden at ten o'clock. It was a fair day and remained in the town till it was dark.
One of them bought two bonhams. He put them into a bag and set off for home. As he was coming they bored a hole in the bag. One of them fell on the road and ran away. He left the bag on the road and ran after the bonham. In a little garden near the road he saw an old woman dressed in a white skirt and blouse. The bonham ran towards her and the man did not know what to do. He ran off to where he left the bag and came

Eibhlín Nic Rághnaill,
Abhallóg, Caladh, Béal Easa Séan Mac Rághnaill

Eibhlín Nic Rághnaill,
Abhallóg, Caladh, Béal Easa Séan Mac Rághnaill

to kill suffering calves and he himself made the knots and cured them unknown to the owner. They always gave salt and water to drink as well after finishing with the knot.nmokmm

[-]

I
Goodbye into you Coolcran mór. My childhood happy home. I was obliged to leave you And go abroad to Roam. Far from my friends and parents It grieves my heartful sore. But to part from my true lover It grieves me ten times more II Many is the pleasant rambler I took along the lake, Where the wild-duck and the widgeon, There habitation make. Where the wildgeese during winter. Takes up their abode. And the snow white swan in summer. Comes there to hatch her brood

Chonnaic mé Connaic mé iongantas mór
Bád mór i nead Seagán is í ag imtheacht le cóir Is m'anam gur bí a bhí ag cur fairrge thairti leis strómh Chonnaic mé an mhaighdean mara na cailín aimsire i Ros Mhic Treáin Is deas mar a rinne sí freastal ar bord an tighe ós mo chómhair Chonnaic mé an seabhac is an eala ag cur fataí i GCondae Chláir Is a gcuid céactaí déanta go spreacamhail d'oráistí buidhe as an Spáinn II Chonnaic mé bradán ina léine is é siubhal ar gach gréine lá bréagh Sin is Sruth na Maoile is é taosgtha i gcantin trí cáirt Chonnaic mé an (cleir) seabhac is an chéirseac ag méidhle [?] maidin Luan Cásg Chaith mé cloc le mo méar leo is bhaineas de Loc Measg a ceann III Nac deas a chadail Cuige Uladh faoi Sgathán na an Éanlaith mhóir Is thug na mionnaí na dhiaidh sin go mbfearr leis seal ar an stól Anam na h-Easguine Nimhe is é go síorraidhe faoi Bhr [?]

Travelling Folk
Many travelling folk come to this district. Some of these people are rich and some are poor. When they come to a district they usually camp at a cross-road. The poor people sleep onder a cart while the richer folk sleep in caravans. These caravans are very useful to them because as well as being able to sleep in them they can travel about from place to place in them. Very often a family of tinkers come to the district and stay in it for a few days. They go round from house to house selling many things. Some of them buy them in the shops and more of them make them themselves. They sell tins, saucepans, cups and saucers, combs, lace, statues, brushes, rosary beads and prayer books. The poorer of these go from house to house asking for things such as money, bread, tea, sugar, butter, eggs or sometimes old clothes. Some people like to see the tinkers coming to the house but more people do not like to see them coming because sometimes the tinkers are not pleased with what they get.

Chonnaic mé coinín indé 'cur cliabh ar chat.
Bhí tarbh mór baineann ar a dhruim leis i mála bpéac Bhí sionnach go brónach agus é ag caitheamh tobac An bhró-mhuilinn ar eiteóig agus í ag tomhas na hÉireann thart.Chonnaic mé iolar a's uan ag imirt ar thráigh Phléis-Chuain Bhí fiadh as sionnach ag seinm ar chláirsigh chiúin Bhí coiste gliomach faoi tuilteacha ar sráid ar shiubhal Bhí cailín beag plucach ann agus gan "cuid aicí acht áit a súl" Chonnaic mé an domhan ag iomain ar bhórd an Ríogh Bhí Íarla an Chábhain ann agus a bhearad ar Eoghan Ó Néill Bhí an naoisc i's an fheannóg agus an grán 'aca chun a dhíol Agus bhí nead ag an chána i mbrollach bean Iarla na Midhe. Chonnaic mé Éire le réabhóig ar mhullach a cinn Frog agus grápa aicí 'baint féir ar shráid Dhúin na- nGall Péist-chapaill a's cearc sléibhe agus creabhar caoch a fás ar a ndruim cearc uisge 'deanamh léinte de'n fhéar a bhí fás ar an fhionn.

It is a Christmas custom for mummers to go round from house to house a few weeks before Christmas.In the mummers there are eight characters. Each represents a historical or mythical or comic person.
The names of the characters are St Patrick, Crom Cruac Beelzebub, Big Head, Cromwell, Funny Johnny, Diddley Dowd and the doctor. They go round from house to house dressed in disguise with funny clothes and a mask on each of their faces. Each character enters in turn and relates his part of the play. The last to enter collects the money from the household. The sayings of some of these characters are still remembered . The most of them are quite forgotten. Those of St Patrick, Big Head, and Funny Johnny are set down here.

The old people have many signs by which they know when a change in the weather is coming.
Many of these signs foretell when rain is coming. Some of these are known by the behaviour of animals or by changes in the sky. A cat sitting with her back to the fire or a dog chewing grass or smoke blowing the down the chimney or dust rising on the roadway or a ring round the moon foretell approaching rain. There is a rhyme which the old people say about the rainbowA rainbow in the morning Is the shepherds warning A rainbow at night Is the shepherds delight. A red sunset foretells good weather. But if the Eastern sky is red at sunset that is sign that the weather next day will not

A local True StorySong obtained from Miss Lizzie Ferris Carrowreagh, who heard her father sing it. This happened in her father's time when he would be 2 or 3 years old. Miss Ferris lived here in Carrowreagh, Bridge End, Near Burt, Co. Donegal. The boat drifted to Rathmullan near Fanat, and what ever remained of her was purchased by a "Mr Mc Clure of Fanat.
Song I It was on August 8th, the year of 42 Bound for the English Harvest We bade our friends adieu Our hearts being light and merry No trouble on our mind But little we thought we ne'er would see The friends we left behind II The boat being overloaded The wind that blew severe

and the one-time Boys and Girls' School at Rathmor were renovated when the Presentation Convent was built and both these old schools were combined in a school for Boys. A new and modern school has been built near the old one at Rathmore but alas! the building at Knocknagree - erected in 1840 is still holding its own. Canon Walsh, during his long reign had three churches and he built one ar Rathmore and at Gneeveguilla and at Knocknagree he had repairs carried out. The Rathmore (or Parish) Church is a beautiful and imposing structure and only during the present Canon's time has it been found necessary to undertake any heavy repairs. The Gneeveguilla Church has been replaced by a modern and magnificent building presented to the parish by the present Canon O'Sullivan and the Knocknagree Church - the smallest of the three had been renovated and enlarged during the present regime. To help to defray the heavy demands made of the Church funds of late, owing to the extensive repairs necessary for the schools at Knocknagree, Gneeveguilla, Tureencahill, Shrone, Carrigaline and Hollymount as well as the repairs and renovation of the Rathmore and Knocknageree Churches a

he was unable to continue, as his sight had failed, the contributions became scandalous if not negligible.
I have mentioned the fact that the church was the cause of bitter words between the Parish priest and his parishioners. It happened thus, according to one account supplied by Mickie Matt. Dennehy, Sciahan aged 66 years, who heard his mother speak about it. His mother, who died in 1921 aged 86 and who was a remarkably intelligent woman often told him how Canon Walsh decided to build a Church at Lisheen Cross (1 mile west of Knocknagree and 2 miles east of Gneiveguille Village) to accommodate the people of both parishes. The Churches in both parishes were then in a very bad state of repair and the Canon probably found that he had not enough funds to build two churches. However Mickie Matts mother always maintained that the Cannon's idea was "to get rid of one of his curates" (Note that in 1868 Fr. Con O'Sullivan was sent to the parish as a whole as second curate). Preparations went ahead for the building of the Church at Lisheen Cross but the most prosperous of the Knocknagree Parishioners, when they saw the stones being drawn for the building, bestirred themselves and protested but still the

and John O'Connell, Scrahan (aged 80) agreed in their tales that Fr. Con O'Sullivan - the curate - took up the work where Canon Walsh left off. Fr. Con had the ridge tiles put on, and the plastering done. He had a wall built around the chapel-yard and thus the building itself and wall stood until 1936 when the renovation was carried out. To cover the cost of repairs Fr. Con. made a levy because, as Mikie Matt said, "If Canon Walsh made the levy he would not get it." The levy was a half-a-crown per cow, and indeed farmers were not over-stocked in those days. Mikie Matts mother told him and John O'Connell also heard how a cow from the neighbouring farm went into the church one evening and ate the screen off the confessional - hence the necessity for the wall.
It is significant that Fr. Con O'Sullivan, who had lately come as a curate, should have undertaken this work. Did he do so to maintain his curacy in this big parish? or was there any vestige of truth in the story that Canon Walsh wanted only one curate in the parish? Both John O'Connell and Mikie Matt Dennehy - both of whom were

There was once a landlord in our district called Boyd of Ballymacool. These Boyds are all dead now. These people carried out evictions in days gone by and got great protection from the Government. of that time. It was said that they were protected with a bodyguard of Mounted Police. These Mounted Police were seen by the people of the district doing their last beat at night at a late hour and receiving a signa from the house. It was said that it was prophesied by a priest that for some injury done him that there would never be a Boyd born to inherit the estate. This became true and the ownership of the estate passed from the name of Boyd. The last people who owned this estate were called Porter but these adopted the name of Porter Boyd so as to have the name of Boyd.

Whit Sunday is an unlucky day for fishing. Three men from Falcarragh went out to fish on Whit Sunday. They had just begun when one of them saw a black rabbit which he followed. When he came back he found that the other two were drowned.
Good Friday a lucky day to set crops, because it is said that everything set on Good Friday is sure to grow. The thirteenth year of your birth is an unlucky time to do anything. Saturday is an unlucky day to flit for Saturday's flit is a short bit. Whit Sunday is an unlucky day for a mare to foal for the animal will either kill or be killed. If you sleep out on Whit Sunday you will get a cold that you will never shake off. If you sleep on Whit Sunday and have a disease you won't get rid of it for a year.

Bread
Long ago the bread in my district was made quite differently to the way it is made at the present day. Different ingridients were used long ago. The kind of cakes were made were, Potato Cakes, Boxty Cakes and Rasp Cakes. The Boxty Bread was made from oaten meal mixed with barm or water. The barm was made from grated potatoes steeped in cold water for one whole night. There these were bruised and strained through muslin and the water taken for them was called barm. The Rasp Cakes were made from grated potatoes, mixed with a small quantity of milk, and we know that potatoes contain a large quantity of barm, so these cakes were somewhat like the Boxty Bread. Long ago different utensils were used in the making of bread, bread boards were not used at all but the bread was kneaded on the table. All the bread was baked on a griddle and it was a rare thing to see an oven in a house, now there is hardly a griddle to be seen.

Not long ago a few men were coming to Athlone in a motor-car. When they were passing a wood they noticed three masked men in it. A little way back on the road they saw a large house where a party was being held. Thinking they were going to rob the people the men drove as fast as they could to barracks and told the guards about it.
Immediately the guards went to the house and to their surprise they saw the supposed robbers amongst the guests. They soon found out that the men were giving a surprise visit to their friends. Everyone was laughing at the men.

Suddenly the feeling hands of the leader came in contact with the flowing beard of the old man, which he took to be the donkey's mane! Imagine the terror of the school-master, when he heard the following dialogue :- "I have him, Séan;" come on quickly with the knife and do it"!In later years when the local parish priest - the late Very Rev. Maurice Canon Power - appointed a Mr. Michael Ryan (of whom we shall talk later) as school-master in the National School, there was a keen rivalry between the people of this establishment and the now much depleted hedge school. The pupils of the National School composed a very derisive couplet on the subject :-
"Heffernan's scholars are gone to the wall, A pint of -- would choke them all" Another hedge- schoolmaster was MacNamara, who came to these parts from Clare. He had no permanent school-house, but used to travel round to the farmers' houses. His descendants still live in Emly. Michael Ryan was a hedge-schoolmaster in Ballinvrina Knocklong; he afterwards was appointed to the National School in Emly. His descendants are now nick-named Ryan "Master". There was also a Mr. Lorigan, but details are vague.

Dates are not available for the following:- A Mr. Maher taught a hedge-school about 200 yards outside the village of Emly on the Main Tipperary road.
Next we hear of a Mr. Thos. Heffernan who taught school in a little hut just at the entrance to the village. He was nick-named Láimhín on account of one paralysed hand. On Saturdays he used go about the district in an ass and cart surveying lands and thus earning a little money and food for himself and his ass. The children who attended school sat on stones or on sods of turf which they brought each morning and left for Heffernan's fire in the evening. Some amusing episodes happened during his stay in Emly. The donkey, to which reference has just been made, used be stabled in the Kitched at night. Heffernan, it must be understood, was the owner of a flowing beard. One night the local boys decided to steal a loan of the donkey. They entered the house at dead of night, the leader feeling his way through the darkness to get hold of the ass, and one of his friends following with a huge knife to cut the thong which tied the animal.

126
A hidden Treasure Not far from where the Lung River enters Lough Gara there is a place called the "Holly Bushes". Here there is a cave and at the mouth of the cave there is a mighty rock Nobody can go into this cave because of this great stone. The cave is surrounded by trees and bushes. I was told that a farmer whose land was in the neighbourhood of this cave was attending his farm animals late one evening long ago. As he was searching for a missing beast he saw what appeared to him to be a fierce-looking bull standing at the mouth of the cave and he has never been seen since. One night people were seen at these bushes. They were dressed in white and were riding on horseback. One time some men decided they would remove the rock and enter the cave for they believed there was gold hidden there and that it was guarded but the fierce bull. The men were armed with spears, pikes, and other weapons and they intended to kill the bull and take away the gold. When they tried to remove the stone that closed the opening they were unable even to stir it. After many fruitless attempts to get away the stone the men returned home and and since no one has tried to remove it or get the gold. This gold, it is thought, to has put there for safety by the Danes and that a fierce beast guards the entrance to the cave. John Duffy Story told by Dominick Murren, Callow, Parish of Kilmanaugh & Eastersnow, Barony: Frenchpark

To find a horseshoe or a piece of coal is the sign of good luck. It is a sure sign of bad luck to meet one magpie and it is a sure sign of good luck to meet two magpies.
A red- haired woman is very unlucky. To meet a hare is the sign that something bad will happen to you. See a pin, pick it up. All the year you will have good luck. If you put your boots on wrong - the left on the right and the right on the left, you will have good luck all the year round. It is a sign of good luck if you meet three white horses without seeing a red-haired woman.

She stopped to pick it up, and all of a sudden, she screamed for she had seen the cloven foot of the Devil. He disappeared through a hole in the wall, and he has not been seen since.

Bhí an t-airgead pósta go aon phinghinn déag
Is mar sin féin béigin dúinn filleadh abhaile. 2 Tá smúit ar na réalta ar an ngrian 's ar an ngealach Is ar amarc mo shúl is ní léir dom na bealaí Mar gheall tú mé phósad lé de rós béilín tannaidhe is ní léir dom na cros bóitre mar tá na deora do'm dhalla 3 Ta féar fada's fáscaí i ngleannta áluinn i bfad ó bhaile Is tortaí boga ag fás go h-árd imbárr cranna Act go dtagfaid an samrad gléigeal is go mbeidh mil h-éad[?] againn fá na meachainn Is beidh cuacín ghleann Éifinn ar bharra géag againn teacht abaile. 4 Ní gan fígheadóir ná gan tailliúr a thug mé ghrádh ariam na taithneamh Act go bhuacaillín an bhrollaigh bhán deas a raibh fátha an gháire faoi na mhailí Má théigheann tú thar sáile ar an t-sráid ní bfuighfead do shamail Is go bí do méin dheas is do cháílíoct a dfág fánn ort i bhfad ó bhaile. 5 Is maith an fear laighe é mo ghrádh sa sleaghán agus sluasaid

It is to be found in this district and it is good for cattle. It has a strong root like whin and it is of a black colour. There is another herb called Fairy Cap. It is sometimes called Throatwort. It got that name because it was believed to be a cure for sore throat. There is another herb called cowslip and it is of a yellow colour and it is said to be a cure for palsy. There was an herb called wood sorrel and it is said that there is a tradition connected with it. It was a sacred plant of the Druid before Saint Patrick came to Ireland. It is now called shamrock as Saint Patrick picked it at Tara and held it up as a symbol of the three Divine Persons. There is also an herb called Shepherds purse it got that name because its seeds are in a kind of purse. Long ago the shepherds tied bundles of these herbs around the necks of their sheep. It was believed that the wolves would not be able to see the sheep when they had these herbs round their necks. There is also an herb called "Cro Padhraig leaf" and it is found where there is gravel in the soil. It is found growing in the road sides. It cures sores.

In days long long of yore,
In that lonely lonely abbey, And the banks of Cummer shore.

the old people - those who spoke their own language - for a landlord named Orpen lived there for a while and the neighbours referred to him as Orpen na Giolcaighe.
"Cad a dhéanfaimíd feasta gan adhmad"

The sycamore is believed to have sheltered the Holy Family during the flight into Egypt.

Seán Ó Coileáin do chúm
copied down from Timothy Hurley, Kilfaidin, LeapI I bpáirchín Conail aerach le ceol a cliste d'Éisteacht le luighe na criostal gréine sa tráthnona ciúin. Mar cruinnidís na beithe bíodh in ionad Rí na séimh-Fhear. as do phreab mo chroidhe le géar gean dom Sweet Cailín Fionn II I gnaoi sa gean ba Néata. A píob ar dath na géise. a shamhail siúd níor léir dom Ins tsaoghal sa le nfaghail mar bhí na míle lag le ghéar gean don brighde maiseamhail mhaor d'ann. Agus braoi na deasaibh treithe iníon Sweet Cailín Fionn. III Dubh nú donn mór bh'áil liom Is le caillig Ruadh níor craoidhibh mé Níl aon bean sa domhan do bfearr liom Ná an báin cnis gan smúit. Go bhfuil a dlaoi folt fainneach Go dtug míle pearsa gradh dhi

A great storm blew over this this district on the month of February 1907. It blew a cock of hay belonging to the Nolans over the district. It commenced in the evening and increased during the night.
The storm in 1839 blew all birds from Dublin to Galway. There was an old man living alone in a very lonely place. Some of the neighbours were coming to stay with him and they had to lay down until the storm decreased or they would be blown away.

ag teiceadh treasna na tíre caill Muireann - máthair Fhinn dealg luachmhar i ngar do dhún nó lios. Stad nó cómhnuidhe ní dhearnadar gur shroicheadar an áit coinne mar bí an bheirt bhean-draoi a bhí le bheith in-a mbanaltra do'n leanbh. Annsin do bhraith Muireann an dealg uaithi, agus d'imthigh sé go smúsach innti toisc gur oighreacht a bhí ann. Ach fuair a luct leanamhna an dealg in aice an dúin, agus iad ag filleadh abhaile san áit gur chaill an bhainríoghan é.
Ón lá sin i leith tugadh an t-ainm "Dún - Dealg - Fhinn" ar ar an ndún, ach d'áthruigheadh an fhuirm sgríobhtha leis an am, agus scríobhtar "Dún Dealgan" an lá atá indhiú ann.

Áit Magenta - Glas Tuathail
D'innis bean go bhfuil comhnuidhe uirthe san áit thuas le ceithre scór bliain an sgéal seo leanas dhom- Fadó, páirc a bhí san áit 'na bhfuil Áit Magenta anois. Ó cheann ceann na pairce bhí casán ag dul. Gach lá cidhtí an fear gur leis an phairc ag siubhal ar an gcasán úd. agus a chú dhubh le na chois. Ag faghail báis don bhfear don bhfear thug sé ordú uaidh an chú a mharbhú agus é a chur san uaigh céadhna leis féin. Do dheineadh mar a d'orduigh an fhear. Ó shoin i leith, um gach meadhon oidhche siubhlann an cú dhubh Áit Magenta. Ma chásann an chú ort seas as a slighe agus leig dí dul thart. Má théigheann sí thairis gan bacadh leat ta gach rud go maith agat acht má théigheann sí id' timpal trí uaire tiocfaidh gach saghas mí-ádh ort.

Is an lá nach bféadfainn mo stór a bhréagnú níl an baire liom.
5. Fuair mé féirín lá aonaighe ó bhuachaill deas. Céad póigín an lá ina dhiaid sin ó plúr deas na mban. Bheinn do bhreághnú is go do ghéagnú is go do tabhairt liom ins gach áit. Is an lá ina dhiadh sin nac deas mar d'éireóchainn faoí na coillte leat. 6. Is a Mhuire Dhilis céard a dheinfhas mé má inthigheas tú uaim. Níl eolas in do thíghe agam in do theallach ná in do chlúid. Tá mo dheaide ag dul faoí leath-throm is tá mo Mháithrín faoí bhrón. Is tá fearaibh Éirinn i leath i Feirig [i bhfeirg] liom is mo ghrádh sa i bfad uaim.

Near this lake was situated the stronghold of the McNamaras, chiefs of this locality A legend is told about this family.
In the Vicinity of the castle was a meadow. The chieftain observed that when he woke every morning some of the grass in this pasture was eaten. On his instructions some of his men watched the place during the night and to their amazement saw a mare and foal come out of the lake, graze for a time and then return from whence they came, they told their master and he ordered them to catch the two animals. They succeeded in catching the foal but the Wiley mare eluded them, and jumped into the lake. The foal was trained and in due course became the best war-steed in the country. Mr McNamara was very proud of his possessions. One day while he mounted on the famous horse, was riding past eh lake the mare put her head out of the water and whinnied. The foal ,in

One winter's day long long ago
When I was a little fellow A wandering piper came to our door Grey headed blind and yellow Ah how glad was my young heart Though the earth and sky looked dreary To see the piper and his dog twas pinch and Cauch O'Leary (II) And when he stowed away his bag Cross bared with green and yellow I thought and said on Ireland's ground There was not so fine a fellow. And Seamus Burke and Sean Ma Gee and Sly Cauch and Mary. Rushed in with panting breath to see and welcomed Cauch O Leary. (III) A God be with those happy days and God be with my childhood When I bare headed roamed all day

My home is in the townland of Drumfomina, parish of Killenkere and Barony of Castlerahan. There are ten families in Drumfomina and forty nine people living in it, and Smyth is the most common name in it. Long ago there were forty five houses in this townland and the ruins of some of them are still to be seen. Long ago some of the people emigrated to America and Australia from this townland and they sold their farms to neighbours before leaving. There is one two storied house in the townland, but five of a lower type are lofted. There are three slated houses in Drumfomina and the rest are thatched. There are three people over seventy and one over eighty in the townland, and their names are Conn Reilly, Michael Smyth, Mary Ellen Smyth and Mrs James Lynch Drumfomina, Bills, Virginia, Co. Cavan. They can tell stories in English and they can speak but a few words of Irish. Long ago the people had the following saying about Drumfomina
"You are struggling and striving and always behind time like the Reillys of Drumfomina." In this townland the land is hilly and good, and there is also a bog in it. Long ago poteen used be made in Drumfomina Bog, and the police found it out and came and spilled it, and a sow of Larry Reilly's drank it

The Mac Namaras lived around Keshcorrigan up to 100 years ago. Lady Mac Namara is still spoken of as a high and hauty woman.The Peytons lived in Laheen beside Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim.
The last of the Reynolds of Letterfine was Squire Reynolds and he was shot by Keone at the foot of Sheemore. This duel was recorded in the 'Leitrim Observer' news paper about thirty years ago. Councillor Keone lived in Keonbrook House, Kilclare Carrick on Shannon. That why so many old people yet Cainbrook. When the Ballinamore-Ballyconnell Canal which enters the Shannon at Leitrim village was made in 1854 (I think) the O'Reillys lived in Drumduff North Kilclare. They then called the big house "Newbrook". Frank Mc[Keon?] lives in Newbrook House today. Michael Mollaghan lives in Keonbrook today. The Queen O'Reilly owned the two places at one time. The "dead coach" is often seen and heard in Keonbrook. Many ghost stories are told about it. Go back to page 16. It was in Newbrook the lady with the pigs snout lived. This is true. I inquired and heard it from F B McKeon of Drumshanbo and from the old people around Kilclare.

The Mac Namaras lived around Keshcorrigan up to 100 years ago. Lady Mac Namara is still spoken of as a high and hauty woman.The Peytons lived in Laheen beside Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim.
The last of the Reynolds of Letterfine was Squire Reynolds and he was shot by Keone at the foot of Sheemore. This duel was recorded in the 'Leitrim Observer' news paper about thirty years ago. Councillor Keone lived in Keonbrook House, Kilclare Carrick on Shannon. That why so many old people yet Cainbrook. When the Ballinamore-Ballyconnell Canal which enters the Shannon at Leitrim village was made in 1854 (I think) the O'Reillys lived in Drumduff North Kilclare. They then called the big house "Newbrook". Frank Mc[Keon?] lives in Newbrook House today. Michael Mollaghan lives in Keonbrook today. The Queen O'Reilly owned the two places at one time. The "dead coach" is often seen and heard in Keonbrook. Many ghost stories are told about it. Go back to page 16. It was in Newbrook the lady with the pigs snout lived. This is true. I inquired and heard it from F B McKeon of Drumshanbo and from the old people around Kilclare.

John Conniffe from Togher Taughmaconnell was the teacher. He received one penny per week from each children and also received free board and lodging from their parents in turn.
He taught in the district for many years. This school existed about 100 years ago. Subject taught Reading Writing + Arithmetic 1. Frank Moone 2. Kilkenny Taughmaconnell, Ballinasloe. 3. 45. 4. Farmer 5. Kilkenny Taugh. 6. His mother 7. 30 years ago (8) 45. (9) Kilkenny Taugh. A hedge school existed on the borders of Cam and Tavannagh about 55 years ago. The instruction was given in a straw thatched hut in Mr. Finerty’s field near the Tavannagh Cam Road. The ruins are still extant. The teacher's name was Miss Creavin of Church Park Taughmaconnell Ballinasloe. She taught Reading writing + Arithmetic. The pupil sat on the floor when writing. She was paid one penny per week by each pupil and was provided with free board and lodging by the pupils parents.

John Conniffe from Togher Taughmaconnell was the teacher. He received one penny per week from each children and also received free board and lodging from their parents in turn.
He taught in the district for many years. This school existed about 100 years ago. Subject taught Reading Writing + Arithmetic 1. Frank Moore 2. Kilkenny Taughmaconnell, Ballinasloe. 3. 45. 4. Farmer 5. Kilkenny Taugh. 6. His mother 7. 30 years ago (8) 45. (9) Kilkenny Taugh. A hedge school existed on the borders of Cam and Tavannagh about 55 years ago. The instruction was given in a straw thatched hut in Mr. Finely's field near the Tavannagh Cam Road. The ruins are still extant. The teacher's name was Miss Creavin of Church Park Taughmaconnell Ballinasloe. She taught Reading writing + Arithmetic. The pupil sat on the floor when writing. She was paid one penny per week by each pupil and was provided with free board and lodging by the pupils parents.

St Bridgid Night.
Little girls dress in white and cover their faces with veils. A lighted candle is carried in a scooped out turnip. They go from house to house collecting pennies. They recite at each door. - "Here's St Brigid dressed in white Give her a penny in honour of the night." Patricks Day:- The older folk usually procure a small supply of whiskey and when night come punch is made. The shamrock worn is then dipped into the punch. This is called drowning the shamrock. Shrove Tuesday A special supply of pancakes are made on this night. Easter Sunday: - A large supply of eggs cooked, fried, or boiled. each member of the household eats as many as he wishes Whit Sunday + Monday. Regarded as especially dangerous for swimers. Advent:- Each one says 4,000 Hail Marys during this period.

The Holy Family
[-] Long ago when the Holy family were flying from the soldiers, they passed through a corn field where people were binding wheat. The people asked Joseph where they were going and he said that they were looking for a place to hide from the soldiers. While they were talking a spider put his head up through the clay and listened to the talk. The next day the soldiers passed through the field and asked the people if they saw a a man woman and child anywhere and they said they had not. The spider put his head up out of the ground and said 'The man woman and Child passed through the field yesterday and they hid under bushes at the end of the field" The soldiers went to the bushes and looked for them but they were gone. Since then a spider is always burned if found creeping on wall or floor.

July 26th, the Feast of St. Anne is the "pattern" day at Killanne.
There is a holy well at Killanne, situated in a field, belonging to Mr. O'Leary, near the ancient graveyard. This well is dedicated to St. Anne, and Mr Thomas Coady, Grange who is 84 years of age, and a farmer gave me the following information as regards Killanne and Monksgrange. He got the information from his father, who died in 1870 at the age of 80 years.He does not know the origin of the well being called St. Anne's Well, but he believes it is called after the ancient church which was situated in the present old graveyard. The well was supposed to have been blessed and called St. Anne's holy well. A "pattern" is held every year from that time over 200 years ago, to the present day

In the town land of Meennkilly there lived a brave woman by the name of Catherine Brosnan. She was in great difficulties with her landlord. One day a hireling came from the landlord with a very important document at that time called a Writ. If this Writ could be served on the tenant personally, it meant complete seizure of the cattle. As the hireling walked up to hand her the Writ , she put her two arms around his waist and knocked him down. She took the Writ and put it right down his throat and made him eat it. She put it in a place where it could never be served any more.

"God bless the Cows", they say this because it was remarked among the old people that visitors might happen to take the butter unknown to themselves, but this superstition is not so common, presently, as it was in years gone by.
I am told that this churn is about thirty five years in the house and that it was bout in Sligo for two pounds. No mark or trace of writing is to be seen on the sides or bottom of this churn, but that it holds ten gallons. When the milk is churned it is left resting for some time in the churn so that the butter may gather on the top of the milk and then it seperated and we have both butter and butter milk. The butter is put into a clean vessel which is used for the purpose, first it is cleaned, then salt and cold water are poured in on it and last of all it is blended and put into prints and some of it is sold and the rest is used in the house. The butter-milk is also used several ways, some of it is drunk, more of it is used in baking and the rest in

Churning
We have not a churn at home, but I have already seen one in my Aunt's. It is of a round shape wider at the bottom than at the top. There are several parts in it such as the churn itself, the lid, the dabbler or the clabian and the dash. They churn the milk about twice a week in the summer but not so frequently as this in the winter. It is in a rolling motion by means of the hand that it is churned and while this is being done if anyone happens to come into the house it is usual for him to say

Crock - na - Drimna a field lying between Farran and Ballyoran. This is the story told.There was a cow grazing in the bog, every vessel brought to her she would fill it. There was once a wicked woman who brought a sieve to milk her and said she would not fill that and she milked her into it. The cow was never seen afterwards.

An old story.
Once upon a time there lived a widow and and two daughters, one of the daughters was very ugly and idle but the other was very pretty. The widow loved the ugly one the best. Every day she sat by the well by he spin. She was not long spinning until her finger began to bleed and the spinning wheel fell into the well. She ran home and told her mother so the poor girl went in to the well and sank she stayed there and when she got out of the well she was in a lovely meadow; the big sang sweetly round her. She walked until she came to a little house where there was an oven of bread on the fire. The bread said take me out or I shall be burnt. It was not longer until she saw a little cottage there was an old woman sitting in the door and the woman called her. by Rita Mc Partlin . Meeneymore N.S.

In 1937. Causestown House was burned. The house was four storeys high. The fire was caused by a lamp which overturned The fire could not be extinguished.

More than thirty years ago there lived in the townland of Ardnaglass near Grange in the parish of Ahamlish a man named Mickey Gilmartin nicknamed Mickey Phádruig. He was simple and could be easily led to believe things. One day Mickey went to Sligo for some things he needed. On his way home there was a black pig with a litter of young pigs belonging to the Barbours of Bunavalley on the road.
The people of this particular townland Bunavalley, are without exception protestants and were then. This was a district planted after the Cromwell Wars. That night when the 'ramblers' gathered in - Mickey kept open house for all of them; he told them about the pig he had seen on the 'Line" - as this new road running past Bunavalley towards Ballintrillick is called. Peter McGowan heard about the pig and the bonhams so he made up his mind that he would play a trick on Mickey. Putting on a black coat, he crept

On the 6th of January or the Twelfth Day a fair is held in the village of Kinlough in north Leitrim. It was known locally in former times as "Lady-fair" as it was the custom for all the young women of marriageable age who had not yet secured a life partner to visit the fair dressed up in her Sunday best - flowers, frills and ribbons and so let her light shine before all men.
Matchmaking and 'turnaways' were the order of the day: and what with 'women and wine', lovemaking and fighting, there were numerous broken heads and hearts. On the morning of the fair day some fifty odd years ago, two young men of this district, Micky McSharry and James Gillaspie - both now dead RIP, set out for Kinlough to share in the fun and frolic. On arriving at the fair they were met by two girls from Glenade dressed in their homespun red peticoats and grey shawls. Boys will be boys! They took the girls around, visited public-houses, had drinks, courted and kissed, but when it came to parting time as

1 The man and the forge
One night a man went visiting to a neighbour's house. It was eleven o' clock when he was going home. On his way home he had to pass a forge. When he was coming near it he saw lights and he heard hammering. When he came near it he looked in the window and as soon as he did both the forge and lights and hammering disappeared. The man got frightened and ran home. So from that day to this he never went visiting. 2. The man and the woman A man used to go visiting every night and when he used to be going a woman would appear to him. At last he got afraid and he went to the priest to see what should he do. The priest told him to ask her what was her name and what was she there for. The man went the next and he saw the woman again. He asked

1V Story (Lios Dubh)
(Told by Maggie Connolly of Lios Dubh)This is the name of the townland on which Loorha School is built but it is commonly called Loorha village. This is probably due to the fact that rushes rather than forts predominate in the locality. The farm contains about one hundred acres and the southern portion of it, namely the part thro' which the Carrinaseer River runs abounds in rushes- hence the name "Luachra" which signifies rushes. the following story is told about the "lios"' or 'dún' which is situated about a furlong south of Loorha School. Local tradition has it that whenever there is a death in the immediate vicinity (that is in the village of Loorha and Carranamanagh) the "banshee" is to be heard "keening" and the author of this story has heard it more than once.

of the house because they say you will be short of milk before the year is out.
Another pisreog is if you wash your face in the dew on May morning before sunrise you will not have any disease on your face for the year. Another May day custom is if there are two doors in a house and a person to come in the front door he must go out the front door and if he comes in the back door he must go out the back door because the old people

They go to the wedding and somebody that is able to play any musical instrument plays as they go to the house, then the Captain goes in first into the house.
Then the "Captain" lies on the floor and pretends to be sick and the people of the house gives some sort of drink to the "Captain" and the "Straw Boys" and they remain all night dancing and singing until about six o clock and the people gives them some tea and maybe some drink and then they will go home

called Rahins. There is a traditional story about Brownes land how they got it. It is said there was a man living in Rahins named Mr Michael Whatnot and he had no horse and he wanted to leave Rahins so Mr Browne had an old white horse and he sold the white horse for the farm of land and Brownes got full control of the land and the Brownes put tenants in the land and made them pay very heavy rents and if the tenants made any improvements in the land the Brownes would raise the rent to whatever

I often visited the Vault in Rahins where the Brownes are buried and I often read the inscriptions on the tomb stones.The tomb stones read as follows;
In loving memory of Hugh John Henry Browne He was born the 2nd February 1800 and he died 2 October 1868. and of Neal O'Donel Browne born 29th December 1804 died 15th March 1874 and of Kepple Glenny Dodwell Browne. Born 15th August 1873 died 1 Oct 1908 and of

There are a great many hills in Rahins which goes by different names. One of the hills is called the "Wind-Mill" hill. The reason why this hill is called Wind-Mill is, because the was a mill on this hill long for grinding corn and it was worked by the wind. There is another hill called Struane and another called Killeen after the little Church and hill called the Bridge hill and another called Captain's hill.At the Brownes house there are two sheds for cows, horses and other animals and over

There are a great many hills in Rahins which goes by different names. One of the hills is called the "Wind-Mill" hill. The reason why this hill is called Wind-Mill is, because the was a mill on this hill long for grinding corn and it was worked by the wind. There is another hill called Struane and another called Killeen after the little Church and hill called the Bridge hill and another called Captain's hill.At the Brownes house there are two sheds for cows, horses and other animals and over

It is said that when Saint Patrick was passing through the County Mayo on his way to Croagh Patrick he passed through the district called Rahins and he built a Church and he remained a few months preaching to the people and the name of the Church was Killeen which means the little Church.Beside the Church the is a little well and it that Saint Patrick blessed this well but now the well is very near closed and the people uses the water for no purpose

up out of the well by a pump. There is an Avenue leading from the public road to Rahins house and it is about one mile in length and each side there are firs growing and this Avenue was well kept in times but it is not so now. In the middle of the Avenue there is a stone which marks the milage to the nearest town Castlebar.
There is also a monument in Rahins and it is erected to the memory of Marie, Donald Browne 2nd Daughter of

but nowadays the people will not let in a dance except there is some stranger in the house and so the young boys and girls have to go to dance halls to amuse themselves. There are no large trees in Derrycoosh because they were all cut down for firewood but there are some beautiful hedges round some houses and they are kept well trimmed so as to thicken for shelter for the houses. Long the people of the disctict used to be matchmaking like this, one man would like his son to get married to some girl that would have a good fortune and so if the father of the girl

and two men. A great many people goes away to England for the Summer and work hard and they send home cheques to their people every month and they come home for the Christmas and they remain at home until March. The Children of Derrycoosh goes to Curnanool National School. It is said that Saint Patrick passed near our District and he built a little Church in Rahins namely Killeen and from Rahins he went to Croagh Patrick.
Long ago the old the old people used a great many dances in their houses during the Winter when the nights were long

back the water to clean the river.There are two streams in our village which flows in Rahins' river. The famers in Derrycoosh does not make a very big tillage because they have not much land. The principal crops which they sow are oats rye and a little wheat and the principal varietys if potatoes are Irish Queens, Stripechampion Kerspink and Brintish Queens.
There are three old ruins of old houses in the Distric. There are four women able to spin there own thread and nobody able to weave thread. There are six old women in our District over seventy years

Úair amháin do cómhnuig feirmeóir maith saidhbhir sa Cumar. Lá amháin do bhúaladh a bhean breóidhte go h-ana obann.
Bhí a raibh de dhochtúirí sa dúthaig a d'iarraig í leigheas ac níor eirig leo aon mhaitheas do dhéanamh di. Ní íosfadh sí agus ní ólfadh sí aon nídh úatha. Rud greanmhar a bhí sa sgéal. D'eirigheadh sí isd'oidhce agus do íosadh sí agus do óladh sí a dhá dóthain. Lá amháin bhí píosa laoigh fheóla beirbhighthe cun an dínnéir aige. D'eirig sí agus d'ith sí an fhéoil go léir. Núair a tháinig a fear cun a dhínnéir ní raibh aon nídh ann cuighe ach na cnámha. Bhí sé ar buile agus dúbhairt sé go gcaithfeadh sé fhághail amach cad a bhí uirthe. Níor stad sé go ndeachaidh sé go Gleann Garbh ag tríall ar "bhean feasa". Dúbhairt an bhean feasa nár bh'í sin a bhean anaoncor ach síobhthra a fhág na daoine maithe ann agus dúbhairt sí leis [?] an céachta d'fághail, é do deargadh sa teine, agus, annsan é do ropadh isteach fé na smig. Do dhein sé mar a dúbhradh leis agus má dhein do léim an bhean amach as an leabaidh; Amach an doras léi; do lean an fear í agus do chonnaic sé i ag déanamh ar lios a bhí inaice an tíghe. Ar an am gcéadhna bhí a bhean féin ag teacht treasna na páirche fé dhein an tíghe comh maith agus a bhí sí riamh agus níor búaladh teinn í as san amach.

Old marriage customs. 19. 10. '38It was considered very unlucky for the bride to be married on a Friday or Saturday or to be married in May. According to the old rhyme. "Marry in Mat and you'll the day."
"Monday for health" "Teusday for wealth" "Wednesday the best day of all" "Thursday for losses" "Friday for crosses" "Saturday no day at all" Other old customs were putting the cake through the bride's ring and breaking the cake over her head. It was considered unlucky for rain to come on the day of a wedding and it was considered very lucky for the sun to shine. The old saying is "Happy is the bride that the sun shines on. Kattie Lynn 13 years Parish of Monasterboice Co. Louth.

About fifty years ago Rev. Fr. --- was stationed as Curate in this parish. He had a great thought of himself as an athlete and he used to boast that there was no man in this parish his equal at weight throwing or jumping. At that time there lived at Clounametig a farmer named Tom Stack. One day Father --- met Stack and started as was usual with him to run down the Athletic prowess of the men of Abbeydorney. Among other things he asked Stack "if there was a man at all in Abbeydorney able to throw a stone". Stack mentioned among others Mike Fitzgerald and Thady Duggan as being very good stone throwers but Fr. --- had no respect for those and said he could beat either of them with his left hand. Stack got nettled and being a bit of a joker asked "Have you ever tried Andy Savage Father? I have not" replied Father --- is he a good man". "He was never beaten yet at stone throwing" said Stack.
Now Andy Savage was an old man who had been crippled with rheumatism for a number of years and who certainly was not an athlete in any sense of the word.

The coisín
The buachaill Granárd " Ceanat " bogán " leadaidhe Muillean a Leacta ) fear leisgheamhail " Leiscín Colmcille The cuíseóg " (an irrespinsible - a rake) " céasóg " " Mucadán Muillean a Leacta The Slútaire Colmcille (an untidy, careless farmer) " Scoltaigh " (a man having 'pains' rheumatic) " breacad (common. pock marked) Pus Granárd Poitín Colmcille ( a private 'distiller') The Gaimbín man (a money lender) " Clotarán Granárd (an 'unhandy' man) " Cruitín " (a hunchback) " Suidhe Síos " Paddy Reilly (Granard) to whom this name was given died about thirty years ago. He was 'a travelling man' and he made a céilide in every house, taking the fáilte for granted The name is still given to his family

There was once a poor widow and she had three daughters; the times were bad and thing's were going against them, so one night the oldest daughter say's to the mother "Bake a bannog for me and I'll go away to-morrow and seek my fortune"
The mother baked an oaten bonnog and when the girl was ready the mother took the bonnog and says she, " Which will you take the half of it with my blessing or the whole of it with my curse? She was a rough lassie and says she "Give me the whole of it, your blessing wouldn't take the hunger of me'. The mother gave her the cake and she went off. After some time she came to a mill. 'Grind, grind me, says the mill. I wasn't ground this seven years". Grind yourself or let it alone' says she and on she went.

In the Winter the most of the people had only two meals each day in former times, but in the Summer they had three meals each day, namely their breakfast, dinner and supper. These meals were eaten in the morning , miday and in the evening at nine o'clock.
The majority of the people ate their breakfast after ten o clock in the morning. The people worked very hard in the morning before having food. Often the people had to go to the bog for a load of turf, and no breakfast eaten until they return home. This was supposed to be about two or three hours work. For some people each meal consisted of potatoes, but others had oatmeal porridge for their breakfast. Milk was drunk with both the potatoes and the porridge nearly all the time. The most of the people drank buttermilk because they spared the fresh milk for churning. Some people sat around the table in the centre of the floor during their meals, while others placed it beside the wall. The poor people had no tables at all, and they ate their meals while sitting on a stool. Sometimes they used forms instead of tables. The table was often hung up against the wall when not in use, and up to the present day,

got the seed potatoes for the following year from Scotland and other countries. Very great sickness followed the hunger.
Many people point out sites of houses then built now in ruins. There is one in Shasken, which was built on the side of a hill. The remains of it are still to be seen. There are weeds, grass and nettles growing inside of it. John Crowl lived there. There is another old house in Drumshanlish, which was built the time of the Famine. A man named McCormick lived in it. In Shasken there was another old house. McTernan was the name of the man who lived there.

In the townland of Gortnacarcogue there is the ruins of an old house. A man named McKenna died there during the time of the famine. Two McTernan families who were living in Curratavy were evicted in 1849. There was also a poor little travelling boy found dead on Gortatresh hill. There was an examination on his body, and there was nothing found in his stomach but a leaf of green cabbage.
When the people got up in the morning they saw the stalks with black spots on them but they thought that it was the frost. in a few days the whole stalks were cut away. It was in July that this happened and the stalks were a good size, but there were no potatoes on them. The seed came from Scotland for the following year. Then there came Indian meal and it was sold at 2 shillings & 6 pence per stone. There was a boiler at Thomas Gilmartins of Mullaghduff and people came down from as far away as Leimaskally Bridge with little cans for the porridge, and brought it home with them for to kill

they might have a little money for food.
A few people who left this district during that time on account of poverty came back years afterwards to visit it and were very prosperous. Another food eaten by the people int hose days was what was called "bainne lour," that is curds of buttermilk mixed with thick milk. Another way the people had for making a little money was making (a little mo) pieces of roads at relief works for fourpence per day. There is one of those roads int he townland of Gortmacarkogue and a heap of stones gethered by the people in the year eighteen forty seven is there still and pointed out. A cow belonging to a man named Michael Travers was stolen and killed and eaten by his neighbours. Tis man lived in the townland of Friarstown. Outside the village of Drumkeerin the house is still standing and in fact occupied which was once used as an hospital for the people who were suffering from the cholera at that time. It is called Grouse Lodge. The deaths from the dreadful disease were so numerous that the people in charge of the hospital constructed a coffin made in the design of a párdóg, with abottom on hinges. Into this con-

One of the little men asked for a piece & she said she would give it and welcome". She gave him the bread & gave some to the other men also. They then asked her to sweep the floor & she did so, and next they asked her to hang the little pot on the fire.
When she hung the pot they told her to go out & remove the snow from the roof. This she did & when she had it removed she found the most beautiful blackberries ever were seen. She then went into the house and asked the little men if they would let her take the blackberries & they said she was welcome to them. She took the blackberries & was returning home when one of the men asked the other two what presents they would give her. One said he would get her married to the son the richest man in the country. The second said he would give her a mirror & every time she looked in it she would be more beautiful than before. The third man promised her a long & lucky life. She went home then & the mother wondered where she got the beautiful berries & at the same time she thought she looked nicer than when she left. The girl told her all about the little men and her adventure in the woods, so the woman lost no time in sending her own daughter to the woods. She dressed her in a fine flannel suit & gave her a basket filled with wheaten bread. She went to the wood & found the house where the three little men lived.

haingle 'sna Flaithis,
Chuirfidhe fas is fán orrainn ó chéile le mionnaí bréaga in Gaillimh. IV A dheárbhrathaireacha dhílis tugaí an sgéal seo uaim abhaile. Mo stocaí s' mo bhróga ar an tsráid siúd a mbeinn mo sheasamh, Tugaí sgéal ag mo mháirín atá le ráithe ar an leabha. Gurbh é an róipín caol cnáibe atá in áit mo chara mhata [charabhat'] V Céad slán le Lá 'Fhéil Cailín nar dheas an áit a bheith sa mbaile, Sáithte síar i dtóin cáibín s' mo chá laimhín dhá gcrathadh, Acht ní mar sin atá mé acht i bpríosún istigh in Gaillimh. S' maitheas bocht go cráidhte ag fanacht lena chrochadh

Amhrán
Bhí mise lá bhreágh aérach s' mé ar aonach iGConamara, Ní raibh tuilliamáidhe leis an saoghal agam, Ná le aon fhear a ghlac bata, Bhí lainígh s' Maoínígh [Laighnigh agus Muimhnigh] ann s' íad ag smaoíneadh ar manam. S' cuireadh orm chómh mór an lá úd, S' go dtug mé an sgían dhóibh fé'n easna, II Bhí mé lá na dhiaídh siúd ag dul isteach go Gaillimh. Bhí boltaí cruadh fáiscíghthe ar mo dhá láimhin gheala. Bhí Sean a' Búrca ar thaobh dhíomh an splíota gadaídhe salach, Agus conaire na mionnaígh éithe, a mhionnúigh an téag orm le mé chrochadh, III A dhearbhráthaireacha dhílis ná bidíse ar meisge, Ní siúbhail amach san oídhche, no beidh sibh cionntach mar mise, Dhá mbeinnse chómh saor an lá úd leis na

Seo iad cuid dé na comhartaí atá ag muinntir Árainn i dtaobh na h-aimsire.Aimsear Breág
Bíonn torann mór ag an bhfairrge. Nuair a bions dath nádúrach ar an bfairrge Tagann an rón ingar dón talamh Bíonn an t-iasg ag éirge aníos as an bfairrge. Bíonn an liabhán ingar don talamh. Tagann na faoilleain isteach ar an talamh. Bíonn an talamh o dheas agus o tuaidh i bhfad amach. Téigheann na géada fiadhain o dheas. Bíonn torann mór ag an bfairrge ag bualadh in aghaidh Túr-Máirtín. Bíonn dath dearg ar an ngréin. Nuair a bhíos an gaoth dtuighe án bíonn na réalta i bfad ón ngealach. An bhfairrge a béith chiúin. Bíonn na mucha mara ag eirghe ar bárr na fairrge. An t-aer a béith glan. Dath dearg a béith ar an spéir. Gaoth adthuiadh a béith ann.

Oidhche amháin tháinig an fear seo agus nuair bhí sé ag dul treasna an chlaidhe leagadh a hata as a cheann.
B'ionghantach an rud sin mar ní raibh puch gaoithe ann. Nuair fuair sé a hata do chuaidh sé súas arís annsin ach tháinig laige air. Annsin chuaidh sé abhaile agus do chreid sé gur taibhse do bhí ann. Bhí búachaill agus níor chreid se gur taibhse do bhí ann Síl sé gur dune do bhí ann agus éadaigh bhána thart timcheall air. Chuaidh an búachaill ingar don rud ag rádh "tá aithne agam ort". Cuir an búachaill a lámhamach agus chuaidh a lámh tríd an rud. Annsin chuaidh sé abhaile agus bhí eagla mór air.

open, and beautiful little stones were got inside it. One night before an old man died a banshee was heard on the bank of the little river. The people were amazed when they heard the crying, but the old man said not to be afraid, it was a sign of death in the district, and a few hours later he died, there was great sorrow when his friends thought of his last words. For a long time after this the bean ? cried when anyone out of the neighbourhood was going to die. Ever since this lilttle river and the rocks have been called the fairy rocks.

1. A person who breaks a mirror is supposed to have seven years if bad luck.
2. It isn't right for a woman to enter a house, first on New Year's Day. 3. When going anywhere if a weasel crosses the road in front of you, you will have bad luck. 4. When a person, is getting married he should go out the same door as he went in, (Mike Tom John) 5. If a person gets a piece of a wedding cake & puts it under his pillow he will dream of his future husband or wife.

When a bride is getting married, she wears something old and something new, something borrowed and something blue. When they are coming out after being married a black haired man will meet them at the door. When they come home after the marriage an oatmeal cake is broken on the head of the bride, and each person gets a piece of cake. On the night of the wedding the straw boys come and start dancing with the bride. The day on which the bride goes home somebody throws the tongs after her for good luck.

About the year 1900 my sister Lizzie began to grow "dawny" and wouldn't eat anything no matter how my mother coerced her. All she would do was drink a drop of tae and ate nothin' to it. She used to wather from the mouth like a child gettin' teeth and she got as thin as a spint herrin'. One day an ould woman who lived next door came in and tould me mother that one would die if something wasn't done for her and I can cure her sez she, but you must have faith in me. Of course me mother would do anything or say anything to get her cured so she sez pull away an' if you cure her I'll not forget you. Well sez she have you any oatmeal in the house me mother said she had an she got a cup and pressed the oatmeal down into it as hard as she could till it wouldn't hould a grain more. Now sez she go out everybody unless

Toighthe allius" These were very much used in this district at one time, and the remains of a "sweat house" can still be seen on Mr Algeo's land at Glenboy. They were supposed to cure theumatism.
The house was built of stones, nearly like a lime kiln, and had place for a fire under-neath. When it was thoroughly warm, the person was put inside and every slit closed up. After a few minutes the perspiration poured down the person's body, and a few turns were supposed to banish the disease.A child suffering from whooping cough is made walk three times under the belly of an ass which has never been ridden on. Ferrets' leavings is also considered a cure. Certain people make up bottles for the cure of jaundice these cures have been handed down from father to son for ages. Bob Gault of Skreeney has this cure, and this year, 1937, has cured dozens who were suffering from this disease.

There is only one holy well in this parish and it is called Father Mick's well. This is between Killymard Church and Donegal. Sunday is a very lucky day to go to this well. Anyone that went to it went on a trap or a motor. A priest called Father Mick Kelly came to Killymard and he blessed this well and ever since it is called in honour of him. There was a lot of people cured at it since it was blessed. There was a man called James Ward and he was paralysed so one day he went out on a motor to this well. When the motor reached the place he had to be carried to the well from the road, and when he was finished he tried to get up but he wasn't able. He took some of the water and rubbed it on his legs, and about five minutes after that he was able to walk. There was a lot of people cured of sickness at this well. All the people drink a drop of the water and take some home with them. There is a few trees at this well on which the people hang things that they leave behind them.

fore or after it. He was buried in Glebe chapel. He was thirty years when he won the race. There lived in Maghera bán a man named Dan ODonnell who was very strong. At that time all the bags of Indian meal was in two cwts bags. He got down a bag of it from Buncrana in a cart. The cart left it at Antonys Dohertys crossroads on top of the ditch. Dan put it on his back and carried it to his own house in Maghera bán. He carried it about one mile and a half without a rest.

On the 3rd of September three police men went
From Clara to Rahan some pimping intent When home on return they met on their way A rambling jack Ass and he was going astray T'was like a vile culprit they arrested the ass To bring him to pound for an illegal trespass, They drove him along to a curve on the road. Where the ass was unwilling to leave his abode With one sudden bound a large hedge he broke through Away like a lynks, boys he instantly flew. The peelar ran after him close in his track. Determined to bring the poor fugitive back He chased him along a hard tedrous round Through quagmires and boys half the lenght of a day. Till he came to a bridge that was on his course For the ass knew that was his only resource. When the peeler saw the ass was gaining

A Mhaighdean Mhuire beannuighthe athas i mó anama tú. Drúcht neamhda chun mo thart do mhúchadh. Shruthán na ngrásta is tú, ag rith in-a dhúltai amach ó croidhe Dé isteach i mó croidhe duit-sé. Solus gléigeal tú i lár dorachadais m'anáma. Treoruidhe mo bhreitheamnais boicht thú. Neartuigh agus fuinneamh mo lagair tú. Léigheas mo cuid lot do lom-nochthuighthe tú. Is tú gan aimreas a ghníos sonas do mo cuid anró. Tusa iseadh lagduigheas(?) mó bhrón agus a scaoileas mo slabhraidhe. Is tú dóchas mo shlánuighthe, éist liom. Athcuinghim ort a Maigdean ró-dhilis, bíodh truagh agat dom, na dean neam-iongantas dom, éigím. Léigh dom cuid deor tú a boghadh Léigh dod' chroidhe truaighméalach féin tú a corruighe. Sgreadaim ort a Máthair Dé agus a gradhuigteoir an cine daonda. Éist liom peacaidh bocht suarach agus an rud atá agam athcuinge ort tabhair dom é, a Muire a Máthair.

One day about thirty years ago - as a band of men were out hunting near Mayo Abbey they rose a hare but she went so swiftly that she kept ahead of the hounds for some distance. At last one of the hounds was nearly up to her when she escaped through the window of an old house. Just as she was almost through the hound bit her on the back but still she kept on.
The the men at once entered the house and found an old woman sitting on a box. They asked her had she seen a hare but she said she had not. Then the men searched the house but

something, worth firing at. They did as they were told, and just before sunrise, a great big hare came trotting accross the field. She raised herself on her hind legs and sucked her. As she was leaving, they fired at her and one man hit her and wounded her. She limped home, to almost the mans own house, two miles away. One followed her on horseback and saw her jump in on the back window of a house. As the horseman walked in after her, he saw the old hag bleeding in the foot from the wound. Never after did he have any trouble with his cows. The next time he churned, he had tubfulls of butter.
So ends my long true story. Pupil :- Bernard Smyth, Cordoagh, Tunnyduff P.S From:- Phil Smyth.

of Tonagh.
There are the ruins of three former houses to be seen. A few people from the townsland emigrated to America. There are three people living here now who were in America. The land of Tonagh is said to be the best land for miles around. A wide river flows through this townsland. It raises in Killfaugney and flows through Lowpark and Tonagh and enters Lough Creggan at Tonagh. A good many streams flow into it and one flows from the blessed well at Tubberpatrick.

I live in the townsland of Tonagh in the parish of Tubberclair and in the barony of Kilkenny West. There are eight families in this townsland altogether. Elliott is the commonest family name. There are three families of Elliotts. There are four two-story slated houses,
one two-story thatched house. and three one-storey thatched houses, Tonagh got its name from the fact that it was very low- lying land. There is only one person over seventy in the townsland

Castlegar
Ahascragh Ballinasloe Co. GalwayNot far from where I live there is a well called Saint Cuan's Well which got its name from Saint Cuan the patron Saint of Ahascragh because it is said when St. Cuan was travelling through Ahascragh he always rested at this remarkable little well which is situated in a lonely place in the Mahon estate. Although St Cuan's well looks like any ordinary one the faith in it is widespread and in olden times the people journeyed scores of miles to offer up stations for very special intentions at St. Cuan's well and at the present the parish priest recites the rosary there annually. It is supposed that Saint Cuan lived for some time in a little hut near this well as many other saints lived at the time. Marvellous cures are derived from this well and it an old custom for the people to go there on

lake. The barrell lifted of the road and went whizzing through the trees and into the lake.
The priest told the man not mention the event to anyone until after his death.Collected from: John Meehan Dysart, Mullingar Written by: Marcella Meehan, Dysart, Mullingar

There was a clutch of geese hatched in a place not farm from Buckley's house.
Three of the geese were hatched out with one leg each. A man named Matt Kelly and he got three wooden legs and put them under the geese. They look very funny to see with only one leg and that two legs were more usual.

There was a clutch of geese hatched in a place not farm from Buckley's house.
Three of the geese were hatched out with one leg each. A man named Matt Kelly and he got three wooden legs and put them under the geese. They look very funny to see with only one leg and that two legs were more usual.

One of the family, who was known as the Buck MacGeoghegans, was feared and respected by the agents of foreign law. He held his seat as Grand Juror of Westmeath and drove every Thursday to Mullingar session in a coach and four. This was at the time when a Catholic was obliged to surrender any horse which five pounds was offered to him.
Now, MacGeoghegan's horses were of a splendid type. Once when the Jurors were dining in Mullingar after the Sessions, a protestant threw twenty pounds on the table before MacGeoghegan. Knowing what was meant, MacGeoghegans stood up on the floor of the inn and walked out. Four pistol shots were heard. MacGeoghegan returned and told the Challenger that he could have the horses, he would find them lying in the yard. Henceforward, MacGeoghegan was seen driving in a coach drawn by cattle.

Thrush Thrush was cured by a girl who never saw her mother. This person spat into the mouth of the child with this disease and the child was then cured.
John Creed 16.11 1937Warts Warts were cured by meeting a brown stone accidently with a hollow in the middle of it. There must be water in this hollow. Wash the warts in it and they will vanish. Patrick O'Connell 16.11.1937

Mrs Thomas and Mrs Dolan of Dunlum (Mountemple) had cattle in Cloonabane. The herd came to them on a certain evening and told them that one of the bullocks had put out his hip. He went on the next morn and brought home the bullock. He went in to the apothecary and procured a charge. He put in the bullock into the stable. the cow was on the side next the stable door and the bullock (with injured hip) was on the far side of a dividing partition. After a few nights, Mr and Mrs Dolan were awakened by the mournful lowing of the cow. Mrs Dolan said "We'll get up and see what is the matter." Mr Dolan answered "You need not get up. I will go out." She said "I'll get up and light the lantern." He went out while she was lighting the lantern. He went out to the stable and on stretching out his hand put it down on the bullocks charge as he thought. When the wife arrived with the lantern, the bullock was not on the husband's side or direction at all. Mr and Mrs Dolan were both very disturbed. On the following day Mrs Dolan went to Canon Kearney and told him that the husband had no doubt about feeling the bullock's charge. The Canon recommended them to sell the bullock and they did so.

Monday for wealth
Tuesday for health Wednesday the best day of all Thursday for losses Friday for Crosses Saturday no day at all May is the most unlucky month for marriageThe prospective bride should wear Something old, something new something borrowed, something blue. To get married on Monday you are sure to be poor, married on Tuesday wed once more, married on Wednesday a happy match, married on Thursday splendid catch, married on Saturday you have better waited.

There are lots of people that come around the country from time to time called 'tinkers'. Some of them occupy their time by making all kinds of household utensils of tin, and then go around from place to place to sell them.
Some of thse tinsmen are very well off, and make lots of money in that industry. There are others of the same class of folk that go to fairs selling and buying donkeys and ponies. Some of them have travelling vans and they are rather comfortable, but there are others who go around from place to place begging and they undergo a terrible lot of hardship, They sleep and cook their food on the roadside with very little shelter. A man who is familiar with the people of this locality is Mikie Carthy. He is an honest poor man, and the people are very kind to him. He has a little donkey and cart that carries himself and his wife around the country. When he has a few pence collected he takes his wife to the public-house to

this ends the story of Biddie Brazil and the turf.

5
Tullamoore Tullamoore was not always the chief town in Offaly. About two hundred years ago Daingean was the principal town in Offaly because it was on the high road to Dublin. In those days people had to go to Dublin by the canal boats because they had no trains. About two hundred years in Tullamoore consisted of a number of small thatched houses in the place where Church St. now stands During a fireworks display held by the O'Moores one of their rockets fell and

I
Is fada mo chosa gan bróga, Is fuide mo phocai gan píghinn; Is fada mé 'g ól le mná óga, 'sníor ól mé aon dheor le mo mhían.II Is cosamhail gur marbh bhí m'áthair, Nuair a lig sé mé go h-arm a riogh; Sí'n uaigh mo chruaidh-leabaidh feasta, 'S a chéad-searc nach truagh leat 'mo luigh; III Tá mise seacht mblíadna dubh dorm, I bhfíabhras na leabtha mo luigh'; Dá dtiocfa a chéad-searc mo fhíafruigh, Is cinnte go n-éireochainn 'mo shuidhe. IV Chuaidh mé 'mach ar maidín Dia Ceadaoin, Stíall mhaith ('S mo chiall mhaith?) gur lig mé le gaoith; Nuair chaith mise damh mo chuid éadaigh, Steall mé'n chor-mhéar on alt síos.

A Ghost StoryThis is a ghost story related by Mr, Grogan. There is a gentleman's residence about a mile from my house. The name of this house is Ardrass Lodge. This was the former residence of Mr. McLoughery. Since this man died his ghost is seen walking his horse along the road and in the wood.
One night a man named James Clowney was coming from a dance in Straffan. As he approached this very dark wood he saw a figure walking towards him. When it came nearer to him he saw to his horror that it was the ghost of Mr. McLoughrey who was a long time dead. He got up on his bicycle and started for

Bhí bean dar bh'ainm Peigí ag cur suas cró cearc aon uair amháin agus fuair sí beirt fhear leis an obair a dhéanamh. Tháinig lá an-te agus chuaidh an bheirt isteach fá choinne deoch uisce a chlaoidhfeadh a dtart. Thug Peigí anuas gugam mór uisce bheatha agus thug lán cupa dó gach fear aca. Chuir siad ceist uirthi cé'n áith a bhfuair sí an t-uisce-beatha agus ar sise "Inniseochaidh mé sin díbh; Bhí mo mhac ag éileamh agus fuair sé bás. D'iarr an dochtúir orm a chorp a nighe le h-uisce-beatha. Choinnigh mé an t-uisce-beatha i dtoban agus cin cuid dó a fuair sibse le h-ól."

There is a part of Mrs O'Connor's Rock, which is situated near Clogher Church, known as Poll an tSeipéil, or the "Chapel Hole". In Penal Days priests used to say Mass here in a thatched church. There was a path leading into it from the Clogher River, which can still be seen.There is another place in Ballydwyer in the Presbytery grounds called "Poll an Aifrinn". Mass is supposed to have been said here also in Penal Days.
There is a field in Pat Cronin's land, which is situated at the back of Gortatlea Station, known locally as "Pairc na gCapall." The local people say that it was a prophecy of Saint Columcille that there would be blood shed in this field and so it came to pass. Two men were killed here, John Brown of Clogher, and Richard Laide of Gortatlea; in the taking of the Police Barrack in 1918. The R.I.C. Barrack was situated near the place where the Station Master's house now is situated. The patron saint of the Parish is St. Brendan.

son poisined himself he went to live in Navan from where he used to attend Castletown Dispensary. At Painstown there was on old Protestant School and reference is made to it in present History of Meath. The families were more numerous in former years. A family of the name of Gibney emigrated to Australia about 50 years. Another family by the name of Rourke who lived near the village emigrated to America about forty years ago. My townland is mentioned in an old song entitles "The Boys of Castletown." It was composed by a man of the name of Seamus O Brien in the year 1907. It was about a great football team that existed then. When there was no railway there was an old road that lead from McGawleys garden up to the main road from Navan to Kingscourt. The ruins of the Doctors house are still to be seen. One of the walls is still standing. It is built of stone. The house was built in the Bligh Estate. Dr Hamilton was the tenant. It is now owned by Mr McKeever of Dublin. There are some of the Hamiltons buried in Castletown cemetery. On the Northern side of the townland there is a Protestant Church. It was at one time in the hands of the Catholics and it was a chapel. This was before the time of Cromwell. When Cromwell came he knocked the chapel. It was then confiscated along with the burial ground on which the chapel was built by English Government. It was then rebuilt and and made a place of Protestant worship.

three roods in it. Duffy is the most common name. There is very little Irish spoken in this townland. There is the ruins of an old house near our house. My uncle James Reilly lived in it long ago. This house fell and he had to leave. He is now working on the railway and is living along it. There are the ruins of another house near this one. A man named Micky Ryan lived in this house. This man met with a sad death in 1932. One night he was going to Wilkinstown ad he had his cat with him. This cat was his only company and he liked the cat. The cat was with him and a lorry owned by Mr McEnteggart came along. The cat ran out in front of the lorry and in order to save the cat he ran out in front of it and the lorry struck him and killed him. There is an old woman named Mrs Morre who lived near our house. Although very old she can carry a big handle of sticks. James Reilly.
Supplied bu Mr W. Donegan Castletown, aged 45 years.The name of my townland is Castletown-Kilpatrick. It got this name because St Patrick is supposed to have passed through this Parish. Castletown chapel is dedicated to him. Castletown is in the barony of Morgallion. There are about eighteen families in this townland and about 122 people. The houses are mostly slated. There is an old woman named Mrs Brien who is the oldest in the townland also Thomas Brien aged 74. The doctor's residence in former years was a short distance from the village. His name was Mr. Hamilton. When he

about seventy or eighty years ago. A young priest that came to the parish at that time got a sick call from there. As he did not know the way he asked a person the way. He was told that the sick person was in the fourteenth house up the lane. There was once a house opposite the chapel it was owned by a Mr Rogers. A family of Murrays lived in it. The garden on which the house was on can still be seen. But there is little track of the house now. The inhabitants all died out of it. The last of them, Betty, died about twenty years ago. Long ago there lived a man named Webb in a field beside the Poll Buide. There is no trace of the house now. The garden was a small triangular one. But the ditch is knocked now and there is no trace of the garden. There is another house in Paddy Farrelly's field. The ruins of this house is still to be seen. The oldest inhabitant in it was a Mr Carpenter. When he died a woman of the name Mrs Burke lived in it. When she died other people came to live in it. But none of them stood in it very long. There was another house above at barneys Hill. The occupant of this house was Barney Black John. He was a pedlar by trade. He went around selling delph. There is no trace of the house it it now. That is how the hill got its name. There were several houses up the road but there no trace of these houses now + I don't know any of the occupants names. Mary Ryan.I live in the townland of Leggah, but owing to my grandparents not living in here previous to seventy or eighty years ago. I know very little of the ancient history of this place. Several places

achan duine aca agus chuir sé amach a sheilg an eile lá iad, acht bhí go maith agus ní rabh go h-olc bhí siad ag dul amach maidin amhain agus casadh baicle mór fear ortha agus caman ar ghualann gach fear aca.
“Níl fhios agam arsa gaircidheach na beilte duibhe le gaiscidheach na beilte deirge ca bhfuil ua fir seo ag dul indiú le na gcuid caman”. Is goirid eile a cúaidh siad gur casadh baicle eile ortha a bhí trí h-uaire níos mó ná’n chead bhaicle, agus d’alta sin bhí caman le gach aon duine aca san fosta. “Bhal” arsa gaircidheach na beilte duibhe “ma castar a’n duine eile orainn gheobhaidh mise amach brigh a gcuid siubhail uatha”. Ní rabh an focal amach as a bhéal nuair a casadh baicle mór eile ortha ar an siubhal cheadna. Bheannuigh sé dobhtha agus d’fiafruigh cá rabh siad ag gabhail. “Chuir Rí an Domhain Thoir muid rinne annseo indiú le dubhshlan a chuir arm bur n’athair, agus ma bhaineann muid rinne an lá seo caillfidh mbur n’athair a ríoghacht agus le sin shiubhail siad leobhtha. Nuair a smaoitigh gaiscidheach na beilte duibhe chuir sé gaiscidheach na beilte deirge ar a dhruim agus mar bhí na bútaise air a thug a athair dó bhain sé teach an Ríogh amach roimh an chead báicle a casadh ortha. Nuair a thainig siad ‘un toighe, chuaidh siad isteach chuig an Righ agus arsa gáiscideach na beilte duibhe “Goide’n fath nar innis tú dúinne fa’n lá mór

make an appearance among them. Milk was rarely given away on May Day without first putting a pinch of salt into the vessel.If a person called to a farmers house for the purpose of lighting his pipe he was allowed to do so but was made sit down and have his smoke. It would be serious if he were allowed to leave a house on May Day smoking a pipe which he had reddened there.
ST STEPHEN'S DAY While many years ago the custom of "Hunting the Wren" appears to have been favoured and well supported in this district of late it has degenerated into a mere money making game on the part of small boys (and sometimes girls) On last St Stephens day I saw

(1)
There are no ancient crosses in this parish but there is a standing stone. It is situated in the townland of Clogher, Rathkenny The townland is locally known as the Sheanh Bhaile. It is situated in a field owned by a man, named Walter Govern and is about five feet in height and irregular in shape. It is supposed to be down very deep in the ground and according to local tradition there is a crock of gold beneath it. The story is also handed down that a life will be lost in trying to get this gold and that is the reason no attempt has been made to unearth it.(2) At Midtown, Rathkenny, on the lands of Captain Hornsby there is a Druid's Altar Cromlech. Here, one enormous stone is supported by two pillars of stone. Formerly there were three supporting stones but the third one has disappeared The flat stone on top bears marks

sin aghat a chuir ar shiubhal ó’n teach”. Nuair a chonnaic an Rí goidé mar bhí chuir sé suas a dhá láimh agus tharraing sé a ghruaig amach as a cheann, agus cinnte go leór bhí sé buadhrtha brónach. Nuair a chonnaic sé nach rabh gair ann acht sin a dheánamh d’imthigh sé agus fuair sé cúpaire a rinne “ucsóid” (dabhach) mhór dó, agus nuair a bhí an ucsoid deánta thug sé leis an dá ghasúr agus thug sé claideamh dó ghaiscidheach na beilte deirge agus péire bútaise de ghaiscaidheach na beilte duibhe. Nuair a chuireadh sé air na bútaise bheirfead sé míle in á coiscéim agus glean in a léim.
Chuir sé an bheirt isteach ‘san ucsoid agus dhruid sé an cheann, agus chuir amach ar an fhairrge mhór é. Bhí go maith agus ní rabh go h-olc bhí Rí ‘san Domhan Thiar a bhí an saidhbir. Ba ghnathach leis moran eallach a beith aige, agus buachaill bó á gcoimhead. Bhiodh an bhuachaill seo ag buachailleacht ag bruach na fairrge. Bhí bó riabhach amhain ann agus théigheadh sí síos go dtí an cladach an eile lá agus thosuigheadh sí ag lighe carraice a rabh feamnach ag fás air. Théigheadh an buachaill bó síos agus bhuailead sé aníos í acht ní rabh gair ann, théigheadh sí síos arias. Lá amhain nuair a chuaidh sé síos lé í a chuir aníos ón charraic seo, bhí cineal feirge air léithí agus bhuail sé buille de’n bhata ar an charraic, agus thug sé fá dear go rabh tarman toil aige. D’fág se an bhó

mach fhéin cúig bliadhan de aois fuair sí féin bás, agus bhí an Rí bocht I bhfad níos measa anois nó bhí sé ariamh.
Bhí an eile sheort I dul in aghaid anns an dóigh go bhfaca sé nach rabh aon nidh ar domhain aige acht an tríomadh bean a phosadh, agus rinne sé seo. Cibe ar bith as mar bhí an darna bean bhí an tríomadh dhá uair déag níos measa. Nuair a chonnaic sí go rabh sí ró shean le muirghin a bheith aicí fhéin rinne sí suas a h-intinn go ndíbhreochadh sí an dá mhac, ma’r bhí níos mo gea[?] ag an Righ ortha san nó bhí aige oirthí se. Chuir sise fhad le Cailleach na gCearc fosta agus d’innis a sgéal dí. “Imthig abhaile” arsa Cailleach na gCearc “agus marbh cearc, agus congbhuigh cuid de’n fhuil. Gabh a luighe agus leig ort go bhfuil tú tinn. Nuair a chluinfeas an Rí é tiocfaidh sé ag amharc ort agus nuair a chluinfeas tú ag teacht é ól bolgam dé’n fhuil, agus nuair a thiocfas an Rí isteach ‘na t-seomra annsort, caith amach an bolgam fola ar an urlar. Scánnreochaid an Rí agus dheánfaidh sé rud ar bith a iarrfhas tú”. Bí go maith agus ní rabh go h-olc. Nuair a chonnaic an Rí an bolgam fola scannruigh sé gan dabht agus d’fiafruigh sé duithe an rabh dadaidh ar an domhain a leigheasadh í. Ma bhí dheánfadh seisean a dhicheall é a fhágháil. “Ó maise” arsa sise “ma tá biseach ar bith I ndán damh, níl dadaidh le mo leigheas acht an dá mhac

the wool is free from lumps. When it is carded it is rolled up. Then it is ready for spinning.
The spinning wheel is made of wood. The body of it is like a stool. There is a thin stick standing up from one side of the stool and there is a spindle attached to the top of the stick. There is an other stick standing up from the opposite side and there is an arde [axle?] attached to the top of it. The wheel is fixed on this side. There is a band going from the wheel to the spindle. The wool is put on the spindle and then the wheel is twisted. Then the wool is drawn and the thread comes out spun. the thread was then sent to the weaver. The weaver is still alive in my district. He is about eighty years. He does no weaving now because there is no spinning done. To weave the cloth the weft is put on the loom and the warp is put into shuttles. When the weaver works his feet he throws the shuttle across

asked him if he would guard the treasure dead or alive, the servant answered that he would. The owner immediately pulled a pistol from his pocket and shot the man. The mans spirit is now supposed to be guarding the treasure and appears in the shape of a bull when anybody tries to locate the treasure. Several attempts were made long ago by people to find this treasure but they were always frightened away by a fierce bull.

Churches
(1) In the Burial ground in Kilbehenny (2) In Kilglass (McCarthy's) (3) In Coolboy (At back of Castle) (4) The present Schoolhouse (Built in 1800)Grave-yards (1) Kilglass (In Clifford's Farm) (2) Castlequarter (In Stanton's ") (3) Kyle (Near Saw Mill) (4) Behanaugh (In Doherty's Farm