This townland Cappagh (Ceapach) is situated on the Southern side of Slieve Dait mountain, about two Statute miles fro the town of Dunmore.The word (Ceapach) which means a patch is a very appropriate name as the place abounds with little patches of land scattered here and there on the bleak mountain side or on the bog lands, which adjoin it.When St Patrick was making his westward journey to Croagh Patrick, tradition has it that he rested on a rock or large stone on the mountain side.The track of his knee where he knelt to pray is discernible to this day on the rock. People who visit the place, especially on the last Sunday in July ("Garland" Sunday)

and soda together. When it would be made they used to bake it in an oven.
White flowers usually come on the gases of the potatoes. The old people call them (bláth bán. The remains of the potatoes that are left over after the slits are cut are called liatháns. Some people call the slits in Irish (scilleóga). Potatoes are used for a stone bruise. They peel the skin of the potatoes and then bruise them up and then put it on the sore foot and it will cure it. People usually dig the first potatoes on Garland Sunday that is the last Sunday in July. After that Sunday the people dig potatoes every day. When the people dig potatoes they pick the small ones and put them in a hole for themselves and do the same thing to

take the ear of your god parents, so the old saying used to say.Garland Sunday is the last Sunday in July. They dig new potatoes and white cabbage.October 20th they kill the first green goose to celebrate the harvest festival.November 1st. They peel potatoes and boil them and make cally. Nine days after that is the feast of St. Martins. The eve of

There is a holy well in Carrowneden. It is called 'Tobar Crónáin. People visit it on Garland Sunday. They also bring a bottle with them for holy water and they say three prayers for every step they take when they are walking around the well. There is a flat stone with the track of St Patrick's knees on it.There is another holy well in Cloughwelly. People used to visit it on Garland Sunday. There used to be stalls there one time ago and the people of the stalls used to be selling apples and oranges and gooseberries and many other things. There was

Saint Cummin's FlagThere was also a flag called Saint Cummins flag. It was in the graveyard which is situated to the south of Saint Cummins well. This flag used to be turned after prayer and fasting. One person who used to have spite for their neighbours used to do the fast and if they turned the stone the curse would fall on that person for whom the fasting would be done. Not many people from around Kilcummin used perform this task, but a great many people from orther places who were evicted from their home used to turn the stone on the evictors. A story is told of a certain woman who came to Church Village a week before Garland Sunday which is the last Sunday

of July the day the pilgrimage to Kilcummin. There used to came a great many people at that time on horse back and in carts a week or two before Garland Sunday and lodge in the village. These does not come as many these late years as the custom is dying away, but to return to the strange woman, she lodged in some house in the village and no one could ever see her casting any food. The people used to be always asking her to sing but she wouldnt, she used to say there was too much trouble on her. How ever Garland Sunday morning came and the woman disappeared, no one could know where she had gone to, but they saw that the flag was turned.
About two o'clock the crowd started to gather. The women at that time

About one mile from this school is "Tobairín" a holy well connected with St.Patrick's stay in Ireland. The well is only a shallow hollow in the rock, the water is flowing down from the rocks behind in tiny trickles. You can only fill about 1 cup full of water at a time, in the bottom of this shallow well is the track of St. Patrick's pipe and the five fingers of his hand.Near to Rosserk Abbey is another Holy well, this well is built round with stone with a cross on top. Roman Catholics visit this well, they drink of the water, say prayers, bless themselves and sometimes they go specially to be cured of some complaint. On the 15th of August numbers visit this well, this is called Pattern Day. There is a well at Downpatrick below Ballycastle which the people visit on the last Sunday in July. This is known as Garland Sunday.

During the time of St. Patrick's visit to Ballina, he erected a cross in a field. The field is situated in the north-west of the town. This field is owned by people named Timlins.In the middle of the field there is a hugh round stone, on top of which the cross stands. It is believed that St. Patrick carved the cross during his visit to Ballina.There is a holy well in Kilcummin where St. Patrick visited during the time he was converting the Irish. People go and do a station on the last Sunday in July and this Sunday is called "Garland Sunday." On the same day they do a station at a similar well in Blacksod and this station must be done bare-footed and people bring a bottle of holy water and sand for a cure for sickness.

Holy Wells.
There are two Holy Wells in this district. They are situated at the foot of Tristia a small hill on the other side of Nephin mountain. The two wells are called Patrick's wells. People visit those wells on Friday and especially on the last Sunday in July and that is Garland Sunday.
When doing a station we go to the big well first and say some prayers there and then we walk around it seven times and say the "Our father, Hail Mary and Glory be to the father each time. Then we go to the rock and say more prayers there and then we creep from there to the altar and say fifteen Our-Fathers at the altar. Then we creep to the big well and say more prayers there again. Then we go to the small well and say more prayers there and then we go around it seven times saying Our Father, Hail Mary and Glory be to the father each time. Then we kneel at the small well again and say more prayers and then we have

St Bridgids' Crosses. The way they are made is there is one big cross made and on this cross are three other crosses.Made of wood with rushes and straw woven round the crosses, and a pointed end for sticking to the roof or rafters.Garland Sunday. On Garland Sunday all the people go to the Jobernaul for some cures. It is supposed that the Blessed Virgin was seen beside the well and there are cures in it.Twelve Days of Christmas. The people leave the Christmas candle lit for one hour each day.

In some places during Lent the people abstain from eating eggs and when Easter Sunday comes they get plenty of eggs and they bring them out in the open air and they light a big fire on which they boil the eggs and then they eat them until they almost get sick.Also on Easter Sunday morning it is thought that the sun dances at about six o clock and a great many people in this locality rise early and watches it.On Garland Sunday at present most of the people go to "Tobar an Alt" to pray. It is a holy well in the County of Sligo. About fifteen years ago they used to go to the top of a high mountain in close proximity to my house on this day and there they used spend the day in

There is a holy well in Tobarnadonaig about a half mile from Leitrim Village. In Olden times people visited the well on Garland Sunday (the last Sunday in July). A Saint Donall was supposed to bathe here once when he was weary so it was believed that the water of the well cures diseases. In olden times afflicted people bathed there and when they were cured they left rosary beads and other relics at the well. The well is still to be seen but no one visits it.Winnie Mc Cabe, Sheafield
Recorded from John Mc Cabe, Sheafield, Leitrim, 46 yrs

ground early in Winter for the second crop potatoes. Then they would gather all the weeds and earth in heaps and burn them for manure, because they would put all the manure they had on the lea. When the heaps would be burned they would scatter the ashes, and shovel it into ridges. In some places where there would not be much earth, they would carry mud from the turf bank and throw it on the place where there would not be much earth. When they would break some of the wild bog they would carry gravel and scatter it on it. They also used to carry mud from the turf bank and throw it in the sink to make manure. They used to carry the gravel from the house, and carry back mud from the turf bank. They used to carry all this in creels on their backs. They used to set the potatoes in the month of April, and dig the first new potatoes on Garland Sunday, which was the last Sunday in July. They used to keep potatoes for the

On Monday and Thursday remedies for certain ailments were applied as making a straining thread, curing Kings Evil and curing Bone-Evil. Potatoes were planted on Good Friday. "A Saturdays flitting makes a long sitting"that is if people leave an old house on Saturday they will live a long time in the new house. A child born in Whitsun week is always uncrollable [uncontrollable]. The first days of April known as the "Riabhóg Days" are the coldest days of the year. A story is told of those days. In olden times there was an old cow who hated March. On the last day of it she was so delighted that March borrowed three days from April and skinned her. The last Sunday of July known as "Garland Sunday" was always supposed to be the day the potatoes and geese were well fit for digging and killing. "Swithins Day if thous be fair, Forty days will rain nae mair." A thick fog on an August morning betokens rain. The "Harvest of the Geese" falls on the twenty third of September. All the months in the year shall curse a fair February. When the sunbeam comes in on Brigids Day the snow comes

322The Oenach of Buaile na Greine dwindled down to be little more than a local patron but, however thinned the population was by extermination and other misfortunes the traditional custom of meeting on Buaile na Greine still continued in one form or another. The same delightful eminence on which Altoir na Greine stood still continued a favourite resort on certain festive occasions: and the sports, games, and feasts were celebrated till very recently. The games and sports of later days were nothing more than hurling, wrestling, jig dancing and other simple feats of that class, and, as the inhabitants of the place were not over wealthy in latter days, the feasts were of a homely sort and very simple.
Garland SundayThe three principal feasts of the year were on Easter Sunday, Patricks Day, and Lammas Sunday. On Easter Sunday all went there to make their Pruachais Cásga, or Easter feast of eggs, oatmeal-bread, and new Easter ale: to hold their Easter conversations on the topics of the day, and to open the

St John's Night 23rd June.
A bone-fire is lighted in every village this night. The people of the village give turf or sticks for the fire. They gather round the fire + sing + dance till mid-night. When going home each person brings a coal or piece of burned stick from the fire + they throw it into the tillage field so that they would have good crops. Others throw the coal or stick away when they reach the house
Garland Sunday.
The last Sunday in summer is called Garland Sunday. It is a custom to spread rushes on the kitchen floor on this night.
People have the first dinner of the new potatoes on this day.
Michaelmas Day.
A cock or goose is kill in honour of St Michael + the blood is sprinkled on door stip or near the Door
St Martin's Day.
A fowl is killed as for Michaelmas Some people kill a sheep for this Day. If a sheep is sick during the year a piece of the ear is cut off. If it lives it is

Saint Bridgets Day falls on the first of February every year. Saint Bridget was an Irish Saint. It is an old custom to make a cross and put it up on the house.Saint Bridget's well is a great place to give sight to blind people. Thousands of people go to Saint Bridget's well on the last Sunday of July, that is Garland Sunday. The people stay up all the night on Garland Sunday night watching out for the eel that is in Saint Bridgets well. It is said that the eel shows himself to some people. Whoever can see him will get whatever request he asks for. When the people are making a cross they get two pieces of timber and put them together with a little tack. When the cross is made they tack it up in the house with a tack or nail.
Mary T. Leahyfrom her motherJosephine Leahy
Erinaghbeg,
Fountain,
Ennis

The name Garland Sunday is used generally at the present time and we very often hear, in these districts on the week previous to the last Sunday in July one youth putting the question to another, 'Are you going to Garlic,' 'Garlic' being a corruption of Garland.
On this day every householder was supposed to feast his family on the first fruits, and the farmer who failed to provide his people with new potatoes, new bacon and white cabbage, on that day was called a 'Feirmeoir gaoithe.' If a man dug new potatoes before this day he was called a 'Needy Farmer.' This practice lasted down to a very recent date. I myself knew three farmers in this district who would on no account dig new potatoes until the eve before Garland Sunday and they would certainly dig them that eve.The term 'Garland' had its origin in the custom of strewing flowers on Altóir na Gréine in Pagan Days, in honour to 'Crom Dubh'. The practice of strewing the flowers lasted until the early part of the 19th Century.
Many games were played here on this day. There was a feast and later came the games.In time the priests and wise old men of the district grew tired of the practices carried on at Mount Callan. They advised the people to give them up.To divert the minds of the people the priests set up a pilgrimage to the well of Mochua Gacigtha [?]. This well is situated in the townland of Mougha [?] in the parish of Ennistymon. Here the old and proud performed rounds at St. Mochua's holy well while the young enjoyed themselves with hurling , football, dancing etc.The pattern was later on changed to Lahinch. O'Connor King of Western Corcomoroe was buried in Lahinch. His leacht or

The third day after Christmas Day is called the "Odd or Cross Day"
The 15th July is called St. Swethan's Day and it is said that if that day was fine the forty days proceeding would be fine, but if one small shower of rain fell on that day there would be a shower every day for the following 40 days.
The last Sunday of July was called "Garland Sunday" and the old people always tried to have new potatoes on that day.
It is said that if a person cried or met with an accident on New Year's Day they be crying or meeting with accidents for all the days of that year.
On May day the old people would never give away milk or butter to any person. If on that day also a man came in they would not allow him to take a coal to put in his pipe because they said there would be no butter on the milk.

Bonfire Night or St John's night is a great night. It falls on the 23rd of June. On that night a bonfire is lit in honour of St John. Garland Sunday is the last Sunday in July. Long ago dances concerts, plays etc, were held on that night. Hallow Eve night falls on the 1st of November. Children play games on that night such as ducking for apples and throwing cabbage. The fairies are supposed to go from to fort on that night.St Brigid's day falls on the