Athruithe le déanaí

get free from them. The poultices they used are, white bread for a sore or swelling. Sugar and soap ground up and boiled are used as a poultice for boils. The seventh son or daughter had cures for all kinds of diseases, some had cures in their spittle for sore lips and others had cures in their breath for "thrush" in a child's mouth. A cure for sore eyes was to rub cold tea to them every morning and every night before going to bed. Holy wells are visited and the water out of them are rubbed to the eyes or affected parts. Long ago holy wells were looked upon as having healing power for all ailments and they visited these wells on certain days and the people who were not able to go were sprinkled with the water or they drank it. The nearest Holy well to this school is St Ben's of Tullylease.

The cures the people have around my place are, for the whooping cough they get the person affected to crawl between a donkeys foremost legs, for a toothache was, to mix salt and soot and rub it to the gums. The cure for a backache is to soak a piece of flannel in turpentine and put it around the body. The cure they have for a pain in any part of the body is to put roasted slices of turnip up against the affected place. The milk or water left after a ferret is also a cure for the whooping cough.
The herbs they use are, the Dock leaf is a cure for a sore lip. The dandelion, ground up and boiled and the juice poured down on the affected place is used as a cure for blood poisoning, and for a burn they put bread soda on it at first and then they put lime water and sweet oil mixed.
The cure they use for a billious attack is, to put a spoon of bread-soda in half a cup of water and drink it. A cure for "warts" is, to get small stones and rub a stone to each wart, then put these stones into a paper packet and leave that packet at a cross-roads, the first person that would open that packet and handle one of the stones would get the warts and I'd

cure for them was to give the person a shock. The cure for hiccough was, to give the person three drops of cold water without he asking for it. For "warts" they used the water off the stone of a bridge, or a fasting spit for nine mornings, this to be rubbed to them. The white of an egg and lime water and sweet oil mixed for burns. Sugar ground fine and soap mixed with it for boils, another cure was to heat wax and put it up to it. For a sudden pain in the stomach the cure was, to burn whiskey and drink it. For a bad stomach they boiled sorrel and drank the juice of it. For pains in the bones they boiled the roots of March mallows, and rubbed the juice of them to the pains.
The cure for whooping was to give a ferret milk and his leavings give it to the child, another cure was, if you met a man with a white horse and ask him for a cure and what ever he would say, do it. For a sore throat they heated salt inside in a stocking and put it up to it. For a "sty" in the eye they made the sign of the cross on it with a marriage gold ring or look through it. For a pain in the back they rubbed turpentine to it. Dandelion ground up and boiled, the juice of it was used for a bad cut or sore.
Oaten meal boiled with any vegetable water was for weak blood, this was to be drank. The cure for chilblains was to mix paraffin oil and the juice of an onion together and rub it to them before the fire. Wash the mouth with salt and water for neiralgia. The cure for a swelling was to rub goose grease to it. The cure for a sore lip was to put a dock-leaf on it. People visited holy wells for ailments such as sore eyes, or sore ears and they paid rounds and rubbed the water to the parts. To go under a

touches the water A woman carrying a pail of water on her head over a bridge
15 If you fell off a house what would you fall against. Against your own consent
16 What is it that never was or never will be, stretch out your hand and plain you well see.
your fingers.
17 I have a little red cow by the wall and all I will give her she will eat it. The fire
18 What is always behind time. The back of a clock
19 Why is Belfast eating house like a good dance.
Because there are so many steps leading to it.
20 I have a little man in the middle of a field and every time I will pull his tail his nose will bleed. A pump.
21 There were two black men in a motor and a white man, the two black men ate the white man what was the number of the motor. 2 8 1
22 What relation is a door-mat to a foot-scraper.
A step-father
23 What smells most in a Chemist's shop. The nose.
24 How would you cure a pain in the tooth. Throw a stone at the window and the pain will go out
25 Why does a horse run to the ditch when it is raining. Because the ditch would not run to him.

65 What is it the more you fill it the lighter it will get. A barrel with holes in it.
66 A roomfull and cannot get a spoon full. A room full of air.
67 A dog and a bitch went over a ditch. What was the dog's name - What
68 As black as ink, as white as milk and hops on the ground like hailstones - a magpie
69 What part of a cow goes over a ditch first - Her breath
70 When is a sick man like a window. When he has pains
71 Cut on the table, passed all round and never eaten - a deck of cards
72 When is a cow not a cow = When she is turned into a meadow
73 When is a chair like a lady's dress - When it is sat-in (satin)
74 It goes in dry and comes out wet and the longer its inside the stronger t'will get - Tea
75 What is it that will go up the chimney, down and will not come down the chimney, up - an umbrella
76 Why is a horse never hungray when harnessed - Because he always has a bit in his mouth
77 If the water of a well twenty feet deep rose two feet every day and fell a foot every night, how long would the water be rising to the brink of the stream - nineteen days
78 All round wood and never enters the wood - the bark of a tree
79 If the price of a tongs, shovel, and poker came to ten shillings, what would a ton of coal come to - cinders
80 What is the strongest day of the week - Sunday - all the

cat and half a goat. Chicago
54 What do we often catch but never see. A passing remark.
55 What is the easiest thing to deal with. a pack of cards.
56 A little grey messenger going from house to house
a path
57 How does a sailor know there is a man in the moon. He goes out to see (sea)
58 What is it that is full and holds more. A pot of potatoes when you pour water in.
59 A message between two houses and sleeps out at night. A path
60 Four stick standers, four lily landers, two hookers, two crookers and a whip about A cow
61 In the west there is a well and in the well there is a cup and in the cup there is a cup and everyone must take it. Death.
62 'Tis in the mire, tis'nt in the mud, tis in river tis'nt in the flood, tis in the priest and tis'nt in the people, tis in the church and tis'nt in the steeple. The letter, "R"
63 Why do you go to bed. Because the bed would'nt come to you
64 What is it that is laid freshly every day tis'nt fish, flesh, feather, or bone or an egg and what is it. A Table.

40 What is the biggest bridge in the world. A Rainbow
41 What is the smallest bridge in the world. your nose.
42 Why is your nose in the middle of your face. Because it is the scenter. (centre)
43 When is a queen like a piece of wood. When she is a ruler
44 Why is a horse a peculiar eater of food. Because he eats better when he has'nt a bit in his mouth.
45 Why are doctors bad characters. Because the worse people are the more they are with them.
46 What kind of face should an auctioneer have. A for-bidding one
47 If a man raised two acres of hay in dry weather what would he raise in wet weather. His umbrella
48 I have a little house and a mouse could'nt fit in it and all the men in town could'nt count how many windows in it. A Thimble.
49 Why is marriage a failure. Because the bride does not marry the best man.
50 What is it that no one wishes to have and yet when he has it does not wish to lose it. A bald head
51 What should a person have done before he would come out of a train. Go in first.
52 Who wears the biggest hat. The man with the biggest head.
53 What is three-sevenths of a chicken two-thirds of a

26 Why does a cow look over a ditch. Because she could'nt look under it.
27 Why is a white hen better than a black hen
Because the white hen can lay a white egg and the other cannot
28 What is it that a woman always looks for but never cares to find. A hole in her stocking
29 Black and white and read all over. A newspaper.
30 A hard working father a wee lazy mother twelve little children and they all the one colour.
The face of a clock
31 Why is a sheet of stamps like remote relatives.
Because they are but slightly connected.
32 Why does a clock stop when it falls on the ground
Because it cannot go farther.
33 What turns without moving. Milk
34 What runs without moving The Railway line.
35 If a window is ten feet high from the ground and a person threw a pan of water out the window what would the fall be. Down.
36 What fish pleases a good wife best, Her-ring
37 What tree is nearest to the sea The Beach
38 Why is a woman mending stockings an extraordinary site Because her hands are where her feet ought to be.
39 Red and white and emerald green the King couldnt touch it neither the queen. A Rainbow.

touches the water A woman carrying a pail of water on her head over a bridge
15 If you fell off a house what would you fall against. Against your own consent
16 What is it that never was or never will be, stretch out your hand and plain you well see.
your fingers.
17 I have a little red cow by the wall and all I will give her she will eat it. The fire
18 What is always behind time. The back of a clock
19 Why is Belfast eating house like a good dance.
Because there are so many steps leading to it.
20 I have a little man in the middle of a field and every time I will pull his tail his nose will bleed. A pump.
21 [?]
22 What relation is a door-mat to a foot-scraper.
A step-father
23 What smells most in a Chemist's shop. The nose.
24 How would you cure a pain in the tooth. Throw a stone at the window and the pain will go out
25 Why does a horse run to the ditch when it is raining. Because the ditch would not run to him.

1 What is as crooked as the river Shannon. It Banks
2 Patch upon patch without any stitches. A head of cabbage
3 What is it that wears its head downward. The nails of a man's boot
4 Why is a man who grumbles like an oven baked loaf. Because he is crusty.
5 What river runs between two seas. The Thames, it runs between chelsea and Battersea.
6 What vegetables are most important in history. Dates.
7 When does the twenty five past three train come in. After the engine.
8 What is it that goes all round the world and is always in the corner. A stamp on a letter.
9 When is a cow round. When she is licking herself.
10 Twenty sheep went out a gap, twenty more went after that, six and seven, twice eleven, three and two how much is that. Five
11 Twenty sick (six) sheep went out a gap one died how many came back. Nineteen
12 What is it that never asks a question but always gets an answer. A door knocker.
13 What is it that is always hanging and never will be hanged. A picture
14 Under the water and over the water and never

drapery store belonging to a Mr. Cronin in OBrien Street, was burned to the ground
It appears Mr. Cronin was in the shop late at night, and he accidentally upset an oil lamp, which was on one of the counters. The counter went on fire, and in a short time all the shop was on fire. Very soon the fire spread to other rooms on the ground floor. Mrs. Cronin, her daughter Eily, and a dressmaker were in bed upstairs. Some one of them awoke, and she called the others, but they could not get downstairs as the stairs was on fire. Larry Bennett rescued Eily; but Mrs. Cronin, and the dressmaker were burned to death.
On the ninth of September 1923 the Kanturk Hosiery Factory was burned to the ground. Everything was burned, and only an old chair was saved. The cause of the fire is unknown.
About thirty years ago, there was an outbreak of typhoid fever in Kanturk.

A very sad accident occurred in the river Dallow in a place called the Stick hole; when a man of the name McAuliffe lost his life by drowning in the year 1876. He was bathing, and he went farther than his depth, and he couldnt come back.
Another sad accident took place in the year 1926 on the river Dallow also, when three children were drowned during a flood. The children were swept from their fathers arms; and were recovered on the river bank, ten days later.
A terrible burning took place in O'Brien Street, Kanturk, in the year 1894 when a drapery store took fire and was burned to the ground. Two people lost their lives; and the fire was caused by an oil lamp which set fire to some clothes.
An accident took place about forty years ago at Assolas, where two old men lost their lives when the horse they were driving took fright and ran away; and the two men were thrown over the ditch and killed.
A porter at the railway

A very sad accident occurred in the river Dallow in a place called the Stick hole; when a man of the name McAuliffe lost his life by drowning in the year 1876. He was bathing, and he went farther than his depth, and he couldnt come back.
Another sad accident took place in the year 1926 on the river Dallow also, when three children were drowned during a flood. The children were swept from their fathers arms; and were recovered on the river bank, ten days later.
A terrible burning took place in O'Brien Street, Kanturk, in the year 1894 when a drapery store took fire and was burned to the ground. Two people lost their lives; and the fire was caused by an oil lamp which set fire to some clothes.
An accident took place about forty years ago at Assolas, where two old men lost their lives when the horse they were driving took fright and ran away; and the two men were thrown over the ditch and killed.
A poster at the railway

low it is a sign of rain; because when the rain comes, the flies go very low; and the swallow follows.
When the cat turns its back to the fire it is a sign of rain. A red sun set is always the sign of good weather.
When the dust blows west we are to have rain. When a person cannot see Mount Hilary from Kanturk it is a sign of rain.
If there is a blowdown in the fire it is a sign of rain. Smoke going in certain directions from chimneys tells which way the wind is blowing.
They say, that if the hills are near us we are to have snow. In the evening when the shadows fall on the rocks it is a sign of rain.

There were many local heroes of past, and recent years. It is said, that Mr. Noonan, Strand Street, Kanturk was a swift runner in his youth. There is a story told about him, that one morning very early, he got up and went picking mushrooms, with a friend of his. It was to a townland named Ballygiblin they went. There was a man of the name of Mr. Beecher, living in a big house, and the owner of a large amount of land, and used to keep a lot of deer in a park near the house. Mr Noonan chased one of the deer, and caught it.
The Guiney Brothers, that live in Percival Street, Kanturk are great athletes too. One of them jumped six feet one inch over the bar, and the others won many prizes too.
Mr. Tim Twohill, who lived in strand Street, Kanturk, was a famous handballer. He once

Unfortunately football was not played to a great extent locally as in olden times The games that received the most enthusiasm was handball. I have heard from an old neighbour of mine of one football contest that took place locally - hurling was very seldom played
The teams drawn for this match were from Kiskeam Upper townland versus Knocknenaugh West townland. This game was played in a very large field some miles distance from my home. Each team consisted of twelve men. The goalposts were bushes and a point was distingushed from a goal thus - if the goalie reached up his hands as far as possible and the ball was still out of his reach that was a point
No referee was present, I have heard, at this match it is said that it was a very keen game but very rough - After sixty gruelling minutes Knocknenaugh-West possessed the lead and were declared victorious. The score was one (score) goal three points to five points

Adjacent to my home there is a mysterious fort of which many of the old people can tell most peculiar tales. This fort is in the townland of Kiskeam upper and is situtated on the land of Florence McAuliffe. It is of a circular shape and in the centre are four large stones which are supposed to be excavated from the underground passage.
It is supposed that the fairies availed of this underground passage for entering and coming from their little subternean home. Which it is said that any human being never ventured to explode. The owner of the land in which this fort is situated tells most mysterious stories. This is one he related to me. On several occasions he has noticed that whenever a cow grazed in the centre of the fort her milk supply was lessened to a great extent.
Some years ago as a school girl was passing this fort on her way to school she disappeared and was not seen for some days. She afterwards related her dreadful experience to the inhabitants of the district. According to her account -

and which the kind housewife gives them. The majority of this comunity travel in bands with caravans as their mode of conveyance a bed by night a means of transport by day.
An old resident of my district, now dead, often contrasted the religous spirit of the "travelling folk." of half a century ago with the want of manners of the vagrant train to day. He often told of the beggar man or woman who travelled from door to door. They were generously treated with a 'moam of flour or meal" and the Án n-Atar was the word of praise. These were given lodgings in the farmer's house for the night and received the greatest hospitality. During the night by a comfortable fire they told of their experiences and early in the morning like Cáoc Ó Leary they started again. Many were, I was told, children or grand children of well to do farmers who suffered by eviction at the hands of the Absentee Landlords.
This type of travelling" folk is gone and with them the honesty and respectability that existed

Of the many ways which God has ordained that man would earn a livelihood the means sought by the "travelling folk" is one of the most amusing and interesting. How often we see our country waysides ornamented by a Caravan - the only home which is recognised by these individuals. How happy they feel in the use of this home on wheels. They will make sure that they find the most sheltered spot for their little camp on the road side. At the present time they are not allowed to go from door to door asking for alms but they may possess what is known as a hawkers "licence." and they can then look for alms under the pretence of selling odds and ends such as mats etc.
This wandering train have visited our home for several years notably previous to 'Xmas. In my home the best known are the Coffeys and OBriens. These travellers have only only sufficient to maintain them for each day. They ask a certain price for their goods but after some huckling the housewife brings down the price considerably and on that way they dispose of their goods. Very few people wish to see these people coming near their house, as their requesting power has no limit. The old custom of keeping them in the homesteads has disappeared. They are generally very grateful for anything they get

Although in this district many people are in doubt about the existence of fairies many of the older generation maintain that the "Leipreachán" existed in olden times
His usual dwelling places were in the neighbourhood of bogs. His height is about one foot nine inches. He wears knee breeches and long stockings with a varied coloured coat. Generally speaking his usual occupation is cobbling. This mineature little creature was never caught by the inhabitants of this district because as far as I have inquired he did not dwell so much in neighbouring bogs. It is said he possesses an "untold store of untold gold" and if you keep your eyes fixed on him he would present you with this crock of gold. It is also thought that he could not get a proper place to hide his famous crock of gold.

keeper to give them a half of a yard for nothing or nat to cut their fingers with it or some thing like that. Goods and groceries were often taken around the Crountry in vans, Some of the people gave eggs in leu of them.
In olden times they had different coins than the coins of the present day. They had afive shilling piece and afour shilling piece, four penny pieces, soverigns and half soverigns, and guin guineas, and farthings. There is no value for a farthing at the present day.
There was a shop about a mile and ahalf from my home, but it has been done away with at the present day. The owner of the shop was Jack Tom Neddys
He sold apples to the School Children. The people often solds articles for more than the value of them they would tell the buyer if there was any thing wrong with them. If it were an animal they would not say any thing about it. The buyer would say you have tricked me in the cow. The seller would say. It was eye opener to you now.

About sixty or seventy years ago shops were not so numerous as they are of later years. The nearest shop to my home is owned by Mrs Guinea. It is situated one mile from my home. It is all of modern building. In olden times people had to travel very long distances for their household goods. During one errand they used buy a large supply that would be sufficient for two or three months and very often four months.
A large amount of "kickling" was carried on to agreat esctent. which was very generally known in olden times, When they were buying articles the Customer would say that it was too large a price for the article and would leave the shop. Then the shop owner would call the customer back and say. "I wont brake your word." and then would sell the article to the customer at the low rate he offered.
They bought their goods

whatever he would tell you to do it would cure it. Then for a toothache they used put soot or salt or bread soda in it. They used "pickle" for chilblains to wash them in it, or paraffin oil to rub it by the fire to them. Then for "thrush" that is a swelling in the tongue they used put a gander fasting for a night and in the morning make his breathe into the person's mouth who was suffering. Then for "corns" they used get up very early in the morning when the dew was on the grass and walk bare-footted on it. For sore eyes they used wash them with uncoloured tea that is, tea without any milk. For a backache they used make a hot poultice of flax seed or bran and put it up to the back. For sore throats they used get some coarse bran and damp it and put it into a hot oven and let it there until it would be hot and then put it into a stocking and put the stocking around the throat when going to bed. Then for colds they used drink hot milk with butter and pepper in it, when going to bed. For burns they used put bread soda on it at first and if it blistered they used put lime water and the white of an egg mixed or lime water and sweet oil mixed

My uncle told me the following story. The man who owned this land one time had a servant boy. One day the man sent the servant boy to level the fort. When the servant boy came home in the evening after his days work he got a pain in his back. Next day he was alright again and he went to level the fort and about dinner time he stuck the pick in his leg. Then he was not able to do anything until about a week after Then he went again to the fort and as he was coming home to his dinner that day he fell very sick and was not able to come to the house but after a few hours he managed to get to the house. The servant boy was sent again but he would never go and that fort was never interfered with since.

My Grandmother told me the following story. A man one time had a servant boy. The servant boy died and one morning when the man woke he saw the servant boy outside the window looking in. The man said "What do you want". The servant boy said, I will make you rich if you will do what I tell you. I will said the man, what is it. The servant boy said, there is gold hidden over in the fort and go tonight for it, but there is a woman minding it and don't go while she is there. How will I know if she is there said the man. The servant boy said, she goes away at a certain hour by night to another fort, and if you will stand at the door, you will see her going. "All right" said the man. When night drew near, the man watched the woman, and when he saw her going away he got afraid and would not go at all for the gold.

Fairy forts.
The only fairy fort that I know anything about is, about a quarter of a mile from my house. All the people in my district call it a fort. It is in the Parish of Meelin and it is in the Townland of Gooseberry Hill. It is round in shape, with no entrance into it, except a gap made by cattle. The fence around it is about two feet wide, and about three feet high. The owner of the land never interfered with it. It is almost in the middle of the field. The diameter is about thirty feet. Dancing and music were heard there some time ago, and there were lights seen there also.

of Freemount and two in the Townland of Knockskehy and in the parish of Meelin and one in the Townland of Tourard and in the parish of Kanturk. They are not in view of one another. They are all round in shape. Some people call the forts and othere call them Lises. The owners of the land where those forts are never interfered with them. A light is often seen around one of them at night and this Lis is called Lis-a-Phúca.
There is no real entrance into any of them but there is an entrance broken into the two in Muckenagh by cattle. There are bushes growing in the five forts that I have mentioned. There is a fence around one of them and I heard old people say that long ago there were fences around all the forts. This fence is about a foot and a half high. The diameter of a Lis is about sixteen feet and the circumference is about thirty five feet.

My father told me the following story, that one night a man was going to a wake through the fields. When he was within a few fields of the house where the wake was he went into a field where a fort was. It was said that if any one went into this field by night he would not come out of it again alive, but this man went into it by mistake and he could not come out of it. He kept going around the field until about midnight, at last he got tired and he sat down and fell asleep. Some neighbours who were coming home from the wake in the morning found him lying dead inside in the fort

the East of my house.
These forts are in two farmers' farms living within a few hundred yards of each other, two in one of their farms and one in the other. Two of these forts are in the Townland of Freemont.
The other one is in the Townland of Kilberrihert. They are the same shape and there are some briars growing in them. They are within view of one another. These forts are about ninety to a hundred yards in circumference and about thirty yards in diameter. The fence is about eight feet high outside. The fence is about fifteen feet wide at the base. There is no main entrance to either of these forts except a gap made by cattle passing through them from time to time.

There are about four Fairy Forts in my district. They all go by the name of Forts. There is one of these forts about a mile to the South of my house. It is in the Townland of Gortnascregga and Parish of Millford and Barony of Duhallow, County Cork. It is a circular shape and there are also some black thorn bushes and briars growing in it. I never heard of any one interfering with them when ploughing or tilling the field in which they are, infact the field is at present tilled where this fort is. The three other forts are about a mile to

the would give another day in liew of that. Some of the farmers who sow their seed too early would probably have to repeat their work, the more haste the less speed. The hasty man often finds when is work is half done that he has overlooked some important item that renders it necessary to make a fresh start.?
Some of the farmers would dig the early crop of potatoes in the beginning of June and the main crop of potatoes about the end of September. They are put in a pit about three feet wide and covered with straw or rushes and are left there for some time before they are put into the main pit,
Some of the potatoes are grown in drills. In the years of the famine 1846 and 47 a strange odour filled the atmosphere and told of the deadly blight that had come upon the potato crop. Even to day that word has an ominous significance on the potato gardens. It is on this account that the spraying of the gardens is done.?
Of late years the people have great difficulty in digging the potatoes owing to the enclemancy of the weather. The land is very

It is a general custom with the people in our district to set over an acre of potatoes each year. First there is a general preparation made for the setting of the crop
The men of the farm plough out a large field suitable for the potato crop. Then is is manured and made into ridges. The women of the house cut the seen and every piece having an eye called a sciolan is put into the ridges three in every line, Sometimes the small potatoes are put in the ridges. The seed is covered with earth and after some time when the stalks are above the ground the ridges are trenched which is called second earthing. When the Stalks are large they are sprayed with blue stone, water and washing soda.?
In September or October the new potatoes are dug out with a spade and sometimed with a plough. The the family would pick the potatoes and store them up in a house and keep them for the house hold use. The farmers would help one by giving a day sowing the potatoes and

of it and asked her to go into the Lis. The girl went in and the woman taught her her lessons until evening. Then she sent her home. The girl told her mother what happened. The next day the girl was conveyed by her mother to school, and her mother went against her again in the evening. When the girl arrived home her mother sent her for tea and sugar. When she was passing the Lis with the tea and sugar the woman came out and followed her. The girl ran into a house nearby but the woman followed her, took the tea and sugar from her and threw them into the fire. When the girl went home she fell sick and way dying, when suddenly the woman of the Lis came in and took her out of the bed and ran with her towards the Lis. The people of the house followed, but when the woman was about ten yards from the Lis both herself and the girl vanished and they were never seen again

Townland of Knockacovane, in the Parish of Meelin, in the Barony of Duhallow and in the County of Cork.
They are all similar in shape and there are fences round them. The fences are about two feet in height, and about a foot and a half in thickness. The diameter of these forts is about six yards and the circumference about nineteen yards. There is no entrance that I know of into them. In one of the forts which is situated in the Townland of Muckenagh a light is often seen at night, in fact I have seen it myself. It is known as Lis-a-phúcha. The following are stories connected with those Lis'.
One night long ago a great storm came and it blew down a stall belonging to a farmer in whose land a lis was. When he was rebuilding it he determined to make it stronger and as he had not much stones he took a few loads of stone out of the Lis and with them he built the stall. When he awoke next morning his head was turned backwards on his body and the stall was thrown down again. When the neighbours heard the story they advised him to put back the stones. He did so and on the following morning he was alright again. A certain girl was one day going to school. As she was passing a Lis a woman came out

and went to bed and he died after three days. About two hundred yards from the "Lis" thats nearest to my house there is a glen. On the brink of this glen, six steps were, and are, resembling steps of stairs and made of lime-stone. Those steps are in a descending position showing that some cave or hole must be underneath but when I saw them, the entrance to the cave was closed up when the sixth step was found.
Presently all the steps are covered in as the owner of the field tilled the field and closed over the steps. About an English mile from these steps are similar steps in a descending position and in the side or brink of the same glen also. Beside those last mentioned steps are the remains of an old castle supposed to be the residence of the MacAuliffe Chiefs.Between my house and this "Lis" also there is a big stone in the centre of a field. The old people say they heard the following story about this stone. It was one time down near the brink of the glen and a giant

the milk got he used disappear Also there is a story about a cow which calved inside in the "Lis". This cow was grazing in the field of the "Lis" and she calved inside in it. The letter "T" was on the calf's side. The man which owned the calf sold it to a big farmer. When this man carried it home everything in the farm went wrong especially the cattle. He told his neighbours his story and they told him to bring back the heifer and he did and everything got alright again. When this cow was dying she went in to the field of the "Lis" and it was inside in the "Lis" she died.
There is another story told about this "Lis". A certain man was one night coming from a cardplay. There was a pathway from the house where he was playing to his own house. The path was beside the "Lis". When he was coming near the "Lis" a man walked towards him and challenged him for a game. He won all his money off him and then they stopped and the man gave him back all his money and he carried him to the "fort" and he stayed with him until morning. Then he went home

other people call them Lis'es.
The one to the west is in the Townland of Gooseberry Hill and in the parish of Newmarket. The one to the north-west is in the Townland of Gooseberry-Hill and in the parish of Newmarket. The one to the south is in the Townland of Gooseberry Hill and in the parish of Newmarket. The one to the south-east is in the Townland of Carrig-castle and the parish of Newmarket also.
All these are circular in shape and there is a fence round them about two and a half feet high. They are about ten yards in diameter. The one to the west and north west are within view of each other, the other two are not. There is no entrance leading in to them. The one to the south is supposed to be enchanted as people have been seen, lights have been seen there and cocks heard crowing round it and people have several times gone astray by night in the field where it is.
The following story is about this "Lis". Long ago a man used be seen coming from the "Lis" to a house nereby for milk and when he used have

The Glouney meadows - Those meadows near the village of Freemount are in the Townland of Glounecomane, in the Parish of Milford, Barony of Duhallow, every farmer in the Townland owns one of these meadows, these fields are used for producing hay not for grazing. When those meadows are cut every year it is sure to rain without fail, this is a noted fact in the district.
It is also said that long ago cows with no heads used be seen in those meadows at certain times of the year.

Murphy's bushy field, Tims high field, the forge field, the flat field, the Raggie field, the Garrib field, the Cundy field, Regan's field, the maiden field, the leg of mutton, Norry Quin's field, the two tree field, the stairrie hill, Pad Dan's hill, Copley's field, Brinling's field, Seán Ionntac's field, the dividing field, the step field, the new field, the cowshed field,

The white field, the black field, the rae mór, the Ray, the horse field, Móna ruadhnaig, the Cumer, Toms haddart, Neill meadow
the Lis field, Jack meadow, the cattle field, the tae field, the woody haggart, the Clamper, the training field, the bog meadow, the coarse meadow, the long meadow, the well field, the three corner field, the stubble field, the rushy field, the hedge field, the pound field, the spring field,
Paírcin Plummer, Magner's meadow
Gorry well, top sod, Cloontein, the Roggy field, the corhet, the church, the black garden, the race couse, the páirc mór, the disputed field, the lyre beag, the bed of roses, páirc na geara, the ploughed field, the red gate field, the screen, páircín na domhna, the mountain field, Owen's haggart, the ladys Landing, the pond field, the manure field, the low field, the river meadow, the Glouney meadows, Brown's hill, the bushy field, the sleeping field, the passage field, the poney's field, the mossy meadow,

Names of fields:- My Uncle told me that long ago when there were eight or nine million people in Ireland there were thousands of mud cabins spread throughout the country and that a great number of fields are now called after the people who lived in these little cabins, for example, Clifford's field, Jerry's field, O Neill's field, Jerry's lot, Debb's field, Nannies field, Dan's high field, Fehin's field, Benchie's field.
Other fields got their names from some prominent feature of the field for example, a glen in it or a lime-kiln or a quarry or a hill or corners in it, which gave rise to the name as, the spout field, the well field, the kiln field, the Lis field, the L shaped field, the pound field, the bridge field, the quarry field, the high field, the square field, the mock field, the three corner field, the gate field, the cottage field. In the river Alloe about a quarter of a mile from my house there is a hole called the saddle hole. This hole is about a quarter of a mile to the South of Freemont village in the Townland of Glounecomane and parish of Freemont and Barony of Duhallow, County Cork, old people say that how it got its name was, one night a man was crossing the river on horseback, there were no bridges over rivers then, the horse fell into a hole and was drowned and that the saddle came to the top soon after. In another place in the same river there is a hole called "Poll na baca." This hole is in the river beside Freemont village
old people say that when there was no bridge there, rough sticks were

Think twice before you speak once." You will never miss the water until the well runs dry". All that glitters is not gold." A rolling stone gathers no moss "Foreign cows wear long horns." "When the cat is out the mouse is dancing." Accidents would happen to a cat. It is not the noisest that bear most or labour hardest." Doctors differ and patients die." Many men have many minds. "Seldom seen is much admired". "Plough deep while sluggards sleep that you may have corn to sell and the keep." Lay down with the lamb and rise with the lark." Well employed but badly paid." When the old cock crows the young cock learns." It is too late to spare when all is spent' "When there is a will there is a way."?
"An idle man tempts the devil.'
'Many hands make light work." The more haste the less speed."

there long ago and he would give his daughter to who soever would guess the meats put before him and if he did not guess right he would be hanged. Every person was hanged until a tinker came along and he knew every meat put before him. The king killed a fox and roasted his meat but the tinker could not guess it and the King told tomorrow you will be hanged and the tinker said. "As long as a fox runs he'll be caught at last." and the king misunderstood him and he got his daughter?
"The old dog for the long road and the pup for the boreen." "After a storm comes a calm." You should never put in the long finger what you can do to day." Look before you leap." No use closing the doors after the robbers. "Necessity is the mother of inventions." "People in glass houses should not throw and stones." "Ripping and sowing (going) would keep a man going." "The early bird catches the worm." A blind man is no judge of colours. Fine feathers make fine birds." "Too far east as west." Mind the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves." Make hay while the sun shines"

Among the many Proverbs used locally the following I have heard personall
"A stitch in time saves nine." "Its never too late to mend." The longest way round is the surest way home." There is a story connected with this proverb. There was a simple boy there years ago and his mother was accustomed to go through some fields to the [?] village. On reaching the village it rained very heavily on her
coming home she had to pass a stream. The stream was flooded and she fell in and was drowned. Some time latter her son met a man and he said in Irish. "To morrow twelve months my mother was drowned and she would be around the road since."?
"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." "Always taking out of the meal tub and never putting in soon comes to the bottom." "Its an ill wind that wont blow fair for some one." "Its better be sure than sorry" "Better late then ever." "As long as a fox runs he'll be caught at last." There is a story connected with this proverb. There was a king

I never heard of any hedge schools being held in my district, that is at Garrison, Kanturk, County Cork. But my father told me that there was a hedge school near Newmarket, County Cork.
The school-master's name was Mr. Horan. In summer he taught in the open, and in winter he taught in the houses. He was teaching about a hundred and fifty years ago.
He was paid a few shillings from the pupils. He lodged in the farmers' houses.
Mr. Horan was teaching Irish, and the pupils spoke it, and they loved to speak it. The writing was done on slates. The children were

names of fields:- Millers field, Neddy's meadow, Neddy's haggard, Kelleher's meadow, Miuril óg's haggard, maggies field
nells haggard, plumbers field, maities field, nancy's sprout, Toms haggard, Neills meadow, Mahony's meadow, Magners haggard, Cagney's field, the bakers field, the stoney field, the sandpit field, the limey field, the liney field, Seáltán, Donal Doíghthe, the brake, the lane, Seán Rúad's inch
the buáille, the raé, the black field, the paírcín, cor na geat, the lough field, the house field, the Lawn, the round ó, clounráe, the horse field, the garry-bell barley field, corker, spike field, kiel, galla bóthair nuá [?], the barrack field, the hospital, the small field, the pound, the long meadow, the rushy field, the furzy field, the quarry field, the fort field, the nóinín, the bog meadow, the gate field
the trick, the barn-field, the [?], the

tailors hole. It is situated in that part of the river which is the boundary between Ballinaguilla and Knockskehy Townlands. It is in the Parish of Meelin and in the Barony of Duhallow in the county of Cork. The following is an account given by the old people of how the hole got its name.
A tailor was one day making a suit of clothes on the brink of the hole. His thimble fell in. He was very sorry after it. Suddenly he saw a man coming towards him. The tailor told him what happened. The man dived into the hole and brought up a golden thimble. "Is this your thimble" said he. The tailor said it was not. The man dived in again and brought up the tailor's thimble. "Is this your thimble" said he. The tailor said it was. "As you are such an honost man" said the man " I shall give you both thimbles and as long as you keep the golden thimble you shall never want money.
The next day the tailor met another tailor and he told him what happened. The other tailor who was a greedy man went to the hole and threw in his thimble. He had no sooner done so than he saw the same man walking towards him as the other tailor had seen on the previous day. The tailor told him that his thimble fell in. The man dived in and brought up a golden thimble. "Is this your thimble" said he. "It is, it is" said the tailor, and he put out his hands for it. "You are a thief" said

The nearest Hedge School to my home in olden times was that which existed in the house of John Finucane Garrison. This was a farmer's house and in the Dairy the school was held. The subjects taught were English, and Arithmetic. The name of the teacher was Kerry Horan. This man was not a native of the district. The teacher resided in the farmer's houses and instead of paying for accommodation he instructed the children of that particular family and often enjoyed (entertained) the occupants of the house in story telling.
Generally speaking the parents recompensed the teacher either in money or kind. The greater number of the children spoke Irish in the homes at that time. This teacher explained the English sentences through the medium or Irish and on that account the children found great difficulty in learning the English. Boys of sixteen or seventeen were being taught the Infant Premier in English. At that time the teachers did their utmost to discourage children from speaking the Irish language.
The pens used at that period were quill pens and on fine days they went out

yielding a smaller quantity. When milking cows a large bucket is used to contain one cows milk and a three legged stool to sit on. Generally made by a carpenter. In olden times an old saying was if a person (mil) sang while milking it was supposed that the cow would give a great quantity of milk. When a person is milking a troublesome cow known as a "kicker" The words usually said are "Ceartaig" Cois"
These cows have special houses known as cowhouses these are seperate houses for the cows in which stalls are placed. The cows are tied in the stalls during the Winter time and Spring. In Summer time the cows are left to put into a field known as the "Maca" or Bualad"
When feeding calves a large tub of seperated milk is given and some linseed is given through it as a substitute to fat. The words used when feeding calves are "Suck" Suck" An old superstition people believed in, in olden times was if you spilled milk on Mayday it was supposed you would do so for that particular year. During certain times of the year the cows are sprinkled with Holy-Water and Palm Sunday there are palms put in their houses

The list of the animals kept on our farm are Cows, Calves, pigs, dogs, horses, foal, and jennet. The number of cows kept on the farm are fifteen milks cows, eleven calfs, one pig, two farm horses, In order to distinguish the cows a special name is given to each cow. these are as follows, Cahill, Brosna, Magpie, pet, Mousey, Bawney, Duwane, Starry, Polly, Broken horn "Coobey" because she has turned down horns
The average yield of milk from each cow is three and a half gallons. Generally speaking some cows yield a large quantity of milk but of course in this case it does not contain as much butter fat as cows

sort of basket for holding eggs or sometimes clothes. In every house these baskets were to be found.
"Tinkering" was allso another general trade at that time. The travelling "tinkers" carried round a knap-sack on their backs for the purpose of taking with them the tools they required for (m) that purpose. It was generally at cross-roads these tinkers encamped. They also mended pots, kettles gallons, pans with melted metal. They also made smoothing irons and tin wear.
Another craft also was Candlemaking. First the tallow of the cow should be rendered or melted in a pot or oven. There was a mould for the purpose of shaping the candle. When this tallow was liquid it was poured into a mould where a wick also would be placed in the middle

Another flourishing trade also was "Spinning
In olden times this trade was carried out by all farmers.
First the wool was taken off the sheep's back by means of a "Shear's and was then washed and carded and made up into rolls. Next a roll of wool was placed on the "Spindle" and was worked by means of a wheel
This wheel was round like a wheel of a car, a strap was placed round this wheel also, in order to help it to be turned without difficulty. By means of this wheel thread would be made. The thread would then be sent to a "Weaver and would be woven into tweeds and flannels. Stocking and jerseys and other clothings were made from the thread
"Basketmaking" was also a very plentiful trade at that time, these were made of sally twigs and rods. Long ago in each house a row of rods were growing (planted) for the purpose of making baskets which were woven into different styles, some for drawing potatoes, or turf, a finer

My Grandmother who is eighty nine years of age has informed me of the following information inconnection with trades in olden times.
As there were no Creamerys in olden times only milk was put setting in pans and butter manufactured at home and as it was all timber vessels that were in use there were certain trades men, called "Coopers" set apart for the purpose of making those timber vessels such as ferkins, piggons, tubs and Churns. It was a very general trade at that time in this district. So many hands were employed in this trade
There was one certain family which (who) lived convenient to my home and carried out (on) this trade to a state of perfection. The descendants of that family live convenient to my home but they did not carry on that trade
On account of the trade their ancestors maintained they are titled " Coopers.

because there were alot of trees growing there long ago. The sandpit field, the cnoch-an talam
the long meadow, the drain field, the kiln-field, the velvet
the quarry field, the Cille Cai
the hard field, O'Tooles haggart. A family names O'Toole lived there. The Finnockfiadh it was there the Fianna cooked the deer. There are burnt stones to be seen there now. The school-field, the burin house meadow, the glebe, the Inches
the Princes field the orchard field. A field near the bog is called the bed of straw

the bog, boltans field, the shamrock field, the kiln field, the quarryfield
the cross field, the coarse meadows, the white gate field, the well field
the big glen, the castle field, the fort field, the bridge field.lawn, bettys haggart, downeys field, hayseed, well field, cottage field, peers field, horses field, moinfeir, paircnamuc paircnastal, canada, standing field, long meadow, half acre, pordom's field, paddock white field, knock, tillage field, cross field, passage field, bridge field, forth fieldThe lawn, the haggart, Katie Norals field, the priests field, the Church, the tillage field, the road field, the Paddock, the Quarry field, the Well field, the Crosdmeadow, the hay seed field, the coarse meadow, the Cottage field, Cronins field, Purdum's field (a) the fort field, and the Rays.The screen field, the black field, the corn-field, the rushy field, the small field. the grove-meadow

I am living in the townland of Derrygallon. It is a big townland and it has good land. There is a hill at one side of it. There are seven farmers houses' and three cottages.
The old people are all dead now. There are fifty one people in the townland. There are five thatched and two slated house. There is one fort in the townland. There were two mills a grinding and a carding mill. The river Brogeen is the boundary of the [?] townland. This school is in the townland. We are in the barony of Duhallow.
There were more houses in the townland in former times than there are now. They are all gone. The stones of some of the ruins are still to be seen.

Needless to say, numerous marriages are transacted during the year. In this district, people get married at all times of the year, but among the farming community in general, there is a specified time in which to get married. This period we call "Shrove," and is from January the 6th to Ash Wednesday. During this period the days appointed for the ceremony are Tuesdays, Thursdays
Saturdays and Sundays. Long ago people would not think of getting married on the other days of the week, but now I think that custom is dying out.
It was also the custom that the father of a marriageable daughter, would send a companion of his to a man who intended giving his property to his son. Later the boy and girl met in some public house to discuss and view the general aspects of the affair. If the boy thinks that the girl is a suitable wife for him, the

place. Rails of young pigs line the sides of the street, and buyers go frome one to the other picking their choice.
About 11 a.m the Horse fair begins. Some years ago the finest of blood hunters were bought at this fair, buyers coming from England and all parts of Ireland. Tinkers play a prominent part in the exchanging of horses, ponies, and asses. There are gambling tables and "Tuck-ó-the loop" men and "Thimble riggers enticing people to try their luck.
A fair day in my town is a day of fun and mirth, as well as a day of business. It is in short, a holiday, and nothing but a work of necessitous nature is attempted. When "Fair business" is over the people enjoy the various forms of amusement, neighbour meets neighbour, friend meets friend, and they enjoyed a "Good Health to ye all." The dealers the appease their appetites and the jovial goodhearted, farmers make merry, and add gaiety to the scene.
Long ago this fair was the gayest event one could imagine. On this grand occasion the Irish character was

The nearest town to my home in which fairs are held is Newmarket. it is about eight miles from my home. calf markets are held there on appointed days throughout the year. January 14th is a typical example of a Fair Day in Newmarket. At an early hour - about five a.m. - cattle are brought to the town. The atmosphere seems to be alive with movement and sound - the heavy thus of hoofs the lowing of the herds, the shouts of the drovers, and the laboured breathing of the moving masses of cattle - all combine to make a strange mingling of sounds. Along each road leading to the town one can see the shadowy silhouettes of droves of cattle all coming towards the scene of the fair. The owners stand by their cattle while the buyers survey the herds. It is interesting and amusing to listen to them clinching their bargains. Many a pleasant joke is passed.
At eight a.m the pig market begins. The sounds now are harsher and sharper and there are squeaks and grunts all over the

ditches, they make a hole in a ditch like a mouse and when it is about six inches deep they make it round and then they make their nest of dry moss. They lay about three eggs coloured white with brown spots on them. The linnet builds its nest in very thick hedges They make them of moss and feathers. They lay about four eggs. The crane builds its nest on a very tall tree. They make them of sticks and moss and rushes. They lay about three white eggs.
The wagtail builds its nest on sides of fences. They make it of withered grass and hair and wool. They lay four or five eggs. The yellow hammer builds its nest on fences. They make them of withered grass. They lay four or five eggs which are coloured white and brown. The owl builds its nest on disused chimneys. They lay about three eggs. The Gold-finch builds its nest in very thick bushes. They lay about three eggs. The black-cap builds its nest in rushes near bogland. They lay four or five eggs. The tom-tit builds its nest in holes in trunks of trees. They make them of moss and they lay about four eggs.

she invariably lays her eggs in the nest of a tit-lark one in each nest. The swallow builds its nest on the rafters of barns or in holes in high banks of rivers. They make them of mud and feathers. They lay four or five eggs which are coloured white with brown spots on them. The corn-crake builds its nest in meadows or in cornfields. They build their nests of grass and they lay seven eggs. The squall-crow builds its nest on a very tall fir-tree. They make them of sticks and moss and grass.
The robin builds its nest on ditches or in bushes. They make them of feathers and moss and hair. They lay five or six eggs coloured like a Turkey's. The wren builds its nest in holes in walls or on black-thorn trees. They make their nests of moss and sometimes they have feathers. They lay between eight and fourteen eggs and they are white with brown spots on them. The tit-lark builds its nest on the sides of fences or on a dry clump of grass. They make them of withered grass. They lay four or five eggs coloured white with brown spots on them. The lark builds its nest in holes in the ground and they make them of dry grass also. They lay about three eggs coloured like a tit-lark's.
The bat builds its nest on

back again and lays here and hatches. She builds her nest on heathery land. She makes her nest of withered grass only. They lay about seven eggs with a brown colour on them. The Plover comes from some foreign country and neither lays nor hatches here. The snip is here all through the year. They build their nests on boggy land. They make them of withered grass. They lay three of four eggs which are coloured blue with spots of brown on them. The pheasant never leaves either, She is found mostly in every part of my district both in boggy and in dry bawn ground. They build their nests on ditches or in corn-fields. They lay about fourteen eggs which are coloured white. They make their nests of withered rushes.
The other birds not the game birds, are, the water-hen, the crow, the magpie, the hawk, the pigeon, the jackdaw, the bull thrush, the thrush, the blackbird, the sparrow, the starling, the cuckoo, the swallow, the corn-crake, the squall-crow
the robin, the wren, the tit-lark, the lark, the bat, the linnet, the crane, the wagtail, the yellow-hammer
the owl, the Gold-finch, the black-cap and the tom-tit. The water-hen builds its nests on the banks of rivers or in a clump of rushes growing in a bog-hole. They lay four or five eggs coloured blue with brown spots. They make their nests of dry withered rushes.

There is scarcely any wild bird found in Ireland that is not found in my district and each one of them except the cuckoo, the woodcock and the plover builds a nest here and hatches its young ones. Some of the game birds found in my district during the fowling season come in the beginning of Summer but it is at the approach of Winter the plover comes. The game birds are, the grouse the wild duck, the woodcock
the plover, the snipe and the pheasant. The wild-duck which is not found here in Springtime comes to hatch. She builds her nest on a dry hillock surrounded by water so that, when the young one's would be hatched they would have a place to paddle. because when the young ones come out of the shells they leave the nest and provide for themselves. They make their nest of withered grass outside and moss inside but when she is hatching for some time the inside of the nest is feathers. The wild-duck lays between nine and twelve blue eggs.
The woodcock neither lays nor hatches, it is said, in Ireland. She comes in the autumn and leaves at the approach of Spring. The woodcock come from France. It is said the grouse leaves this part of Ireland and goes to the mountains in Springtime but she comes

Seán Rúadh's inch is a field at the bottom of a glen called Glen Wobble. This glen separates the two parishes of Meelin and Newmarket. Long ago in the penal days priests frequently said mass there.

The following is a story about Seán Rúadhs inch. Long ago a Landlord whose name was copley owned some of the land around my district and Menton was the Landlord of Barley-Hill. Copley used have cattle grazing on one side of the cliff and Menton lived on the other side. Menton had blood-hounds always as a rule. One morning Menton was up early and he saw two men stealing one of Copley's cattle on account of sheer hunger it is supposed. Menton let loose his hounds and they killed one of the men in this inch, ever since it is called Sean Rúadh's because the man that was killed [?] there his name was Seán Rúadh

rocky field, the cummer, the sweet field and the big inch.

they asked the priest to come with them and he did. Next night the same thing happened and when the priest had made the ring he asked her what she wanted. She said, "I mixed water with beer." "That's not what damned you" said the priest. "I killed a child" said she. "That's what damned you" said the priest,
Go now and never appear here again".

Three men were coming from a card-play one night. On their way home they had to cross by a lime-kiln. When they were coming towards it, they heard a door opening in the kiln and they saw a woman walk out. They did not speak to her. Next night the same thing happened. The third night they went and told the priest what had happened. He told them to go to that place the next night and when she would come out to make a ring around themselves with holy water and ask her "In the name of God. What she wanted."
But when they had the ring made around them they could not speak. So at length

Long ago a man used be out late by night, one night he was out late and when he was coming home he heard someone walking behind him and looking back he saw a black object like a dog. He began to run and the black thing began to run also. He kept running until at last the black thing leaped out in front of him on the road and kept crossing and re-crossing the road in front of the man and would not leave him out. At last they came to a part of the road which was flooded and the black thing stopped suddenly and the man stopped too, when the man tried to walk he could not he was stuck to the ground. At last he took off his hat and blessed himself and said some few prayers and that moment the black thing made a roar and ran into the "gully" in the ditch from

ones, and he was cured shortly. This was a fairy woman as none in the hospital had proof of her entering it

An old man told me that he heard of a young man who came home from america once. He went one night to a friend's house and slept there. During the night he was awakened by a noise coming up the stairs and suddenly the door of his room was opened but he heard nothing enter. The same thing happened the second night. The third night the noise came and the door was opened and the steps of a person noised in the room. Suddenly the clothes were pulled off him and he was stabbed with something like a pin and a woman ran out of the room. He rushed after her but did not catch her.
Next morning his foot was swollen and he was obliged to go to Hospital. Whilst he was waiting for the car to bring him there a young man came up stairs to him. The sick man did not know him and it appears the people of the house did not see him. He said "If you come with me I will cure you" but the man refused. When he went to Hospital the doctors wanted to cut off his foot but he would not let them
One day a strange lady entered his room and she told him she'd cure him. She took off the bandages and put on different

need not take much care of their feet because civilisation has become more advanced people can avail of motor cars and busses to take them on any long journey which they wish to perform.

to be very firm and warm for this moist country.
In this district there were a few outstanding cobblers, there were so called because they mended the shoes in the surrounding district although being untrained. This trade has been handed down from father to son. These cobblers only put on pieces of leather and half soles on shoes but of coarse did not make new ones As the poorer class could not pay the "cobbler" during the wet day's in Winter their father or brothers acted as "cobbler" In olden times the people in my district did not leave any Holy Thursday night pass without washing his or her feet in honour of the night when our Lord washed his disciples' feet. I heard my mother say an old custom in her (day) youth was id a person threw away the water immediately after washing his or her own feet the house was supposed to be haunted that night
In olden times when people were going to a town or village they would take their shoes in their hands until they came near the place. They put them on on while they were doing their business and took them off when they were coming home again
Generally speaking in olden times the people took more care of their feet than people do at the present day. In olden times people had no other means of conveyance but to walk. At the present day people

About fifty or sixty years ago, the people did not wear shoes until they were very old and the shoes they wore then were called "Clogs". "Clogs" were made of leather "uppers" and "Perk" soles and were guarded by iron. As civilisation has become more in circulation at the present day, the children wear shoe's when they reach the age of two months
During the Summer months the young children go barefooted in this district but laterly again the children wear what is called "Sandels" to prevent the feet from being cut. In olden times the people thought it a great freedom to go barefooted
There feet got hardened up from constantly walking on the ground in all kinds of weather and on that account the people got no trouble from any kind of soar feet such as chill-blains and "Corns"
The women also wore Elastic shoes there were no lacing in these shoes and were mad of very light leather. Clogs are worn here and there through the Country. The women wear these shoes around the house during the wet days of Winter
These are found to be very comfortable on the feet. There is a greater demand for shoes at the present day. The Hillard and Lee boots are found

the support of the Protestant Clergy. Each Landlord employed an Agent to collect all their rent. They lived preferably in England and were then known as absentee Landlords. When any of these Landlords held an election each tenant should record in his favour. The lands of people who were evicted were taken from them and given over to other people, Those people who took possession of the lands were "boycotted" that meant no one spoke to them or helped them with their work or buy their land products.
In some districts the people got "cairde' or time to pay their rent this was only given where the people had very favourable Landlords. Some people only held a lease of their land, When this lease expired they raised the rent on the people and if they failed to pay the new rent they were also evicted.
These Landlords were of English descent and came over and got large tracts of land from the Government. Sometimes the best and richest of land. Each of them

Landlordism in olden days was very hard on the Irish Farmers. Some Landlords were very harsh and cruel to the tenant Farmers of Ireland. They charged the tenants very high rents and if they failed to pay these rents they were evicted and turned out on the roadside.
Sometimes a very poor widow woman was evicted with a large family and then she should go to some friend or neighbour for shelter or to build a small cabin on the roadside. Some of those that were evicted by the Landlords emigrated to America or Australia when they were not able to redeem their lands. Most Landlords resided in England as it was too expensive to keep up two houses or castles. They only came to Ireland for the fishing and shooting season and then they opened lodges here and there throughout the Country.
Some Farmers held the title of free land for which they paid no rent, but they had to pay "tithes" that is one tenth part of their income to the Landlord for

Dentists were very scarce and sometimes the people were not able to pay for them. They used home cures instead.?
The people suffered from "Crayvours."
A swelling appeared in the lower part of the eye
A cure for this was to look through a gold ring three mornings in succession or to rub a fasting spit to the eye, or to rub tobacco juice to the eye.
When the people got "Sore ears." they syringed it with hot water and then they put in a drop of whiskey in the ear and sometimes olive oil and they corked the ear with black sheep's wool

short time.?
The people suffered also from "warts" and very often got them in their fingers. The people hid meat in a fence and when it was decaying the warts were supposed to disappear. Other times they put as many stones as warts in a bag and left it in a cross road and whoso ever took up the bag was supposed to take the 'warts.'?
Another disease that was popular was "Trish." It showed itself first on the tongue then on both sides of the mouth. The whole mouth was covered with white blisters. It became most dangerous when it entered the palate because the child often got choked. This disease was cured locally because the people made up a compound.
An old woman named Mrs O Sullivan or Ballydesmond made the compound for this disease. I do not know what the compound consisted of as the woman has long since died?
The people suffered from "Tooth aches." In this case they put a pinch of salt and sometimes pepper to deaden the pain. Because

In olden times through people suffered from many diseases. There were very few Doctors and there were in many districts old people called knowledgable people who made up (a) or compounded various medicines or home cures. They generally went into the fields and collected herbs of many kinds. When speaking of diseases one they suffered very much from was 'Yellow Jaundice.' In this disease the skin got yellow even the white of the eyes. The people of the house went into the fields and plucked a herb known as the "Dandelion." They boiled this herb and when it was boiled extracted the juice and put it in bottles and gave it to the patient to drink and the patient was cured in a short time. Another cure was a pint of porter daily, for the patient to drink/
The children suffered?
from another disease known as "Whooping cough." If a man passed riding on a white horse the mother spoke to the man saying "Oh man of the white horse what cure have you for my child who is laid up with whooping cough" and what ever cure he gave her the child was cured in a

A man stayed out late one time until one or two o'clock in the night. On his way home he should cross a river. When he was about two fields away from the river he saw his mother and another woman who had been dead for a long time. The woman that was with his mother was a woman that never agreed with himself or his mother. The man walked away but the two women followed him. As he was about to cross the river the woman that was with his mother caught his hand and held him back, but his mother saved him. The black print of the woman's five fingers remained on his hand afterwards.

when they looked back the gate was lying on the side of the road.
Now there was a "Lis" in this man's land and as the gate was thrown down every night inspite of whatever watch was kept on it the man of the house at last concluded that it must have been a pathway by night for some unseen persons and therefore that the gate could not be put there, he then took down the gate again and no trouble occurred afterwards.

I was told that a certain farmer had a passage leading to his house and he wished to put a gate at the end of the passage. He bought a new gate for it. he hung the gate and the following morning the gate was lying on the other side of the road, and he hung the gate again and during the night it was taken off the hinges. Now the farmer hung the gate again and he went and told it to the guards. Two guards came and watched there all night but one time they walked a little was beyond the gate and

40 As I went over London bridge I had to pay a penny. I hadn't a penny, I did not borrow a penny and yet I paid a penny?
I paid two halfpennies
41 Riddle me, riddle me randy o.
My father gave me seeds to sow
The seeds were black and the ground was white,
Riddle me, riddle me randy O.

Ink + Paper.
41 Riddle me, riddle me, randy o.
My father gave me some seeds to sow
The seeds began to grow like a pot of boiling snow
and the snow began to melt like a keeler full of milk,
The milk began to boil like a woman feed her child
Through a rock through a reel through an old spinning wheel,
through a horse's shinbone
Was there ever such a riddle seen or known.
?

31 What flies without wings? Dust
32 What has eyes and cannot see? A Potato
33 What has a tongue and cannot talk? A shoe.
34 Out of a room full you cannot take a spoon full?
Smoke.
35 What gets wet with drying? A towel
36 I washed my hands with water that never rained or ran
I dried them in a towel that was never woven or spun?
I washed them in the dew and dried them in the sun.
37 Headed like a thimble, tailed like a rat
You can guess for ever but you cant guess that? A pipe.
38 What is that that walks with four legs in the morning
two legs in the middle of the day and three legs in the Evening?
A man - in the three stages of life.
39 Two legs sat upon three legs with one leg in his lap
in came four legs ran away with one leg, up jumped two legs, caught three legs threw
it after four legs and made him bring back one leg?
A man sitting on a stool with a leg of mutton on his lap - in came a dog &c. &c.

19 What does a lady look for and never wishes to find? A hole in her stocking.20 What County in Ireland is like a burnt candle?
Co. Wicklow.
21 When is a cook like a barber? When she dresses her hair.22 A hard working father, a lazy old mother and twelve little children all the came color?
The face of the clock.
23 What clause do children like? Santa Claus.
24 There is a little man above in the field and when you pull his leg his nose will bleed?
A pump
25 A little white and round house and it's full of meat, it has no doors or windows to let me in to eat?
An Egg.
26 What is no use until it's broken? An Egg
27 What smells most in a chemists shop? The nose.
28 What month of the year does a woman talk least?
February
29 What is a herring worth when it's half eaten?
It is worth turning.
30 Around the house, around the house and stops at the door? A Brush.

The Keeffes
The Gaises; The Dashers; The Bocaleens; The Besses; The Mickie Thadhgs. The Roasters. The FitzGeralds (additions to those on P.51)
Liam Airgeads; The Gearlíns; Dannie Dan Ned, Jack Tom Neddy; Dannie Con Ned; Willie Bill Ned; Newsome; The Páirces; Paddy the Paírce; Jer Jimmie Neddie; The Gearrlacs. The Anglands.
The Anglands were and are always known as the Cats.
Paddy Main Quinn; John Cán; Tim Thadie Maurice. Thade Maurice Thade; Long Jude, The Hans, Eugene Han. Mick the Puddle.
On one occasion the "Paddy Main Quinn Anglands" were matchmaking with the Buckleys from Gooseberry Hill. The ambassador from the Angland side was praising the Anglands - the fine respectable family they were &c. when the ambassador from the Buckleys side said "well there is one thing certain, she is marrying into a long-tailed family." (The Cats)

The Carrolls
Den Thadie; Den Connie; Den the duke; Den the leap
Seán Fiedham; Jack Seán Fiadham; Denis Bailey;
The Mahonys
Mahony Cluas; Mahony King; Mahony Scal
Mahony Pierde; The Caseys
Michael Davitt, Paddy Michael; Paddy Dave Dan Tom; Patie Patsy Jack; Young John; Tom Den Dan Tom; Dan Jack Dan Tom; Timie Joe Saisfield; Mary Tom, Mary Dave, Mary TimP; Mary Pateen.
Paghraig Thomas Matthew; Paddy Jer P.
Cáitín Croppy.

The Guineys
Guineys the Coopers; Consín Plúrach; Consín Paddy; Dan Denis Daniel; Denis Norrie Hickey;
The FitzGeralds
Jerry Jimmie Neddie; Dan the mason; Paddy the Paírce; Jack Dan Norrie; Nicholas William Ganett; Nellie Saor; Jack Tim Neddie, T. Blessed; Dannie Con Ned.
The Gearlacs; Liam Airgeads; The Breens
Dave Dennie; John Patsy Seán Dháth; Patie Paddy; Mikie Jack Jer; Davie the fiddler; Jonnie Norrie Culloty.
The Learys
Leary Sagarts; Leary Buidhe; Jack Dennie; Tomáisín Tom Tom's Tommy; The Connells
McConnell Pucks; Jamie Borac; Connell Crane

The Murphys
Jack Patsy; Dannie Dhomhnall Sheám; Batt Dan Owen
Barty William Batt; Jack Dennis the butcher; Dannie Wilde; Densie Mickey; Denis Andy; Jack Donnchadha Thadhg Sheám
Con hill; Jack Dannie Dhanielín; Jack Connie Thadie; Connie Margt; Timie Dan Himie; Dan Seán Buck; Dan Mháire; William the child; William Batt; William Dennie Bill; Thadie Dan Tim; Thade big Dan; John Dan Denis; Connie Maurice Andy; Kathleen Domhnall Norrie, Tadhg Con Tim; Mattie Dan.
Dennie Dan Thadhg. The Cronins.
Thade the man; Thade Michael; Mike Bess; Tim Thadeen Mickie; Thadhg Jer; Dannie Julie; Pad Jude; Thadie Jerry Mickie Thadhg; Mike Connie, Mike Mary; Mikenn Seáinín; Dan Patcheen; Jack the lord Dunscombe.

Two priests were one day crossing a man's farm. One of them was young and the other an old priest. The young priest said to the other, "The man that owned that farm is dead and is buried in hell". The man's son was inside the ditch listening and he came out and pretended nothing but invited them to a dinner. The old priest would not go for he knew that the man was listening to their conversation but the young priest consented, so he went off with the man.
When he reached the man's house the man threatened to shoot him because of what he said about his father. The priest told him that he would prove it. He sent a messenger for his vestments and he said mass in the house. Then he called the man three times and the third time he came and chains hanging from him. The priest asked him why didnt he come when he called him the first time and he said "I was out "tempting." and why didnt you come the second time said the priest. "I was on the way" he said, and where were you when I called you the third time said the priest
"I was coming in the door" he said. Now said the priest was I right. The young man gave the priest a great deal of money to put the man away.

9 What walks on its head? The nail of your shoe.10 I have a little turkey his name is Jeep teek
He goes under the water so deep so deep.
He goes over the mountains so high and so high
My poor little turkey is blind in one eye.11 Why did the car look over the ditch? Because she could not look under it12 Why does a donkey cross the road? To get to the other side.13 What is most like a cat looking out the window?
Another cat looking in.
14 Which is a white hen or a black hen the best?
The black hen because she can lay white eggs and the white hen cannot lay black eggs.
15 Which is it the white goose or the grey goose is the gander? Neither, both are geese.16 If your uncle's sister is not your aunt what is she to you?
Your mother.
17 Fur in, fur out and fur in his mouth? A cat eating a mouse.18 What goes up when the rain comes down?
An umbrella.

1 In and out, like a trout, slippery wet and greasy?
Your tongue.2 A flock of wild sheep on a red hill, there they go, there they go, now they stand still.
Teeth & gums
3 A jumper of ditches a clapper of thorns
A brown little fellow with two leather horns.
Rabbit.
4 It is red it is yellow it is sparable green, The King could not reach nor either the queen
Rainbow
5 What time of the day was Adam born?
Before Eve.
6 As round as a marble as deep as a cup.
All the King's horses couldn't pull it up.
A Pump.
7 As round as a marble as flat as a pan
Half of a woman and all of a man.
A Penny.
8 A petticoat has what every thing has, what has a petticoat?
A name.

Two men dreamt three nights that there was a crock of gold under a large stone in a field near the Droicheaidín about a quarter of a mile to the East of the village of Kiskeam.
This night they had all preparations made to dig up the crock. They were taking a coal of fire with them - this was a safeguard against ghosts.
The old woman of the house guessed there was something up and she was going to follow them but on considering the matter she decided she would not.
They had two men in guard down the main road and while the other two were digging these men heard tramping as if horses were coming towards them, and what came but two dogs from the direction of the village. The dogs passed by the men on guard and made for the field where the men were digging. These they attacked and the men were glad to escape with their lives. The crock of gold and the stone are there yet. And people out late at night have frequently met the dogs prowling around that place.

An old woman from Glencollins near Kiskeam dreamt three times in succession of a Crock of gold hidden in a certain place- in Cummer na lacham (Lacka) She went there one evening - a short time before nightfall.
She got the crock of gold and just as she was starting for home she heard the hounds and horses coming on. She placed her crock on a heap of stones and when the hounds and horsemen passed she had no trace of it.
She was much disappointed and as she turned to go home a fog arose and she went astray. She soon saw a light and she went towards it. She went into the house there was no one inside but she sat down in a Sindhislín. She was not long there when she fell fast asleep. When she awoke it was eleven o'clock the next day and where was she but in a fort and her head down in a Turtóg.

She is the pride of famed Duhallow
And the flower of DoonasleenI boldly stepped aside
To salute this modest dame
Saying was it from the heavens you fell
Or wont you tell your name
You must be surely Helen fair
Or else some earthly Queen
"Oh No" she said I am a country girl
That lives in DoonasleenAnd if you want to know my name
Was this fair maid's reply
To find it out you surely must
Your witty mind just try
The first is by the church revealed
A circle placed behind
An American state next you'll abridge
A conjunction you must find
And when those parts they will unite
'Tis then they'll plainly show
What you so eagerly have sought

It's of a pretty maiden fair
Those lines I will unfold
She is possessed of riches great
All in a state of gold
This pretty lass cant be surpassed
By any earthly Queen
She's the pride of famed Duhallow
And the flower of DoonasleenWhen first I met this modest belle
'Twas in the month of May
As I strayed by the Araglen stream
To view the fishes gay
This pretty lass she did pass
Tripping o'er the pasture green
As she was bound all for
Her home in lovely DoonasleenShe is not a proud nor haughty dame
She is of a pure descent
Her beauty so enticing
Which causes me lament
Her skin is whiter than the snow
Which falls so soft and keen

I have wandered by far famed Killarney
With its scenery splendid and fine.
But its lakes and its mountains can ne'er
Be compared to that dear home of mine
That home I am leaving in sorrow
For never a country will seem.
So fair as those haunts of my childhood
By the banks of the Araglin streamHow often have I roamed in my childhood
Through the streets of old storied Kiskeam
And twenty short years have lived happy
On the banks of the Araglin stream
And now farewell friends and companions
For both I am leaving behind
But no matter wherever I wander
Old mem'ries are dear to my mind.
Yes, thoughts of thee ever shall haunt me
And the scenes around dear old Kiskeam
Where Desmond's green banners once waved
Oe'r the banks of the Araglen stream.

From Kiskeam to Ballydormer
Known to all is Nellie Conner
Midwife to the country round her
Skilful every mother found her.
On a dark December's night
As Nellie had put out the light
And in bed she snugly lay.
There came a rapping at the door
Rap, rap rap. tap, tap, tap,
Wait a minute my smart chap.
Nellie soon her clothes put on
Her petticoat and gown
She went out to see
What kicked up all the row.
A tall black man stood in the way
Mounted on a gallant grey
They went in by the light of the moon
and Nellie saw the fort of Doon.

And many a flower clad lane
Past the Rocks that stand like sentinels,
near the village of Kiskeam.It flows along quite gaily,
By the village, bridge, and school,
Where in by gone days our books we conned,
'Neath the Masters stern rule.
With many a twist and turn
Past the sport loved old Glouneen
Where Walsh the poet at midnight danced
Down by the Araglin streamIt rolls in sun and shadow
Beneath Dromscarra wood
Where in days of old an outlaw bold
For Ireland dear, he stood.
By Islandbrack and Ruhill
And by storied fort capped Doon,
Till it joins its sister - Avondhu.
In the land of Lyreaoon.

The Shannon flows thro' Limerick
Through Kerry flows the Laune.
From Gougane Barra's rough defiles.
The Lee first tumbles down.
By all, are pretty beauty spots
and many a charming scene.
But fairer far to me there are
Down by the Araglin stream.From Croanrea's heath clad mountain
Along by sunny Foyle.
Past the charming bridge of Clamper,
Where the sparkling waters smile.
By Knocknenaugh and Commons,
Through many a charming scene.
It flows, to join the Avondhu,
The pretty Araglin stream.It flows along right gaily
By Tureenduv so dark
By Glenreagh's streaked hillside
Where warbles thrush and lark.
By many a fern clad valley

Denny the captain; Captain Connell; Dan ab; Connie the tin; The Bouncing Rat; Corney Scrape; Paddy the master; Long Jude; Jim Linspin; Paddy the liar; Dan Bastible; Con the boots; Thade Rody; Big Mág; Thade the pen; Jack the bridge; Thadie the fairy; Jack the slate; Jack the cards; Paddy Ruadh; Dan the hare; Pats the Dane; Stephen the Cat; Ben the bonnet; Bill doe; Denny uncleen; Pad luaidh; Andy the Russian; Con Plúrach; Dan wid Joan; Danleen Kit; Johnnie the gragie; Hairy Jim; Jer the Paíste; Jack Sarah; Connie Shallow Belly; Puck Reilly; Jamesie the lady; Jim daltra; Jack Con bán; Máire Waldey; Thade the king; Dan the plan; Ben the block; Peg the whisperer; Jer bodàr; Peig bodàr; Jack the Bocatin; Priesteen Collins; Jim Seán Readan; Tadhgus long Dan; Buckley Mayoress; Jer diarmian; Newsome; Buckley alumn; Tadgh Plunder; Fire and Light; Skin a shaw; Money always; Bony Corbett; Thade the Paver.

Denny the captain; Captain Connell; Dan ab; Connie the tin; The Bouncing Rat; Corney Scrape; Paddy the master; Long Jude; Jim Linspin; Paddy the liar; Dan Bastible; Con the boots; Thade Rody; Big Mág; Thade the pen; Jack the bridge; Thadie the fairy; Jack the slate; Jack the cards; Paddy Ruadh; Dan the hare; Pats the Dane; Stephen the Cat; Ben the bonnet; Bill doe; Denny uncleen; Pad luaidh; Andy the Russian; Con Plúrach; Dan wid Joan; Danleen Kit; Johnnie the gragie; Hairy Jim; Jer the Paíste; Jack Sarah; Connie Shallow Belly; Puck Reilly; Jamesie the lady; Jim daltra; Jack Con bán; Máire Waldey; Thade the king; Dan the plan; Ben the block; Peg the whisperer; Jer bodàr; Peig bodàr; Jack the Bocatin; Priesteen Collins; Jim Seán Readan; Tadhgus long Dan; Buckley Mayoress; Jer diarmian; Newsome; Buckley alumn; Tadgh Plunder; Fire and Light; Skin a shaw; Money always; Bony Corbett; Thade the Paver.

Denny the captain; Captain Connell; Dan ab; Connie the tin; The Bouncing Rat; Corney Scrape; Paddy the master; Long Jude; Jim Linspin; Paddy the liar; Dan Bastible; Con the boots; Thade Rody; Big Mág; Thade the pen; Jack the bridge; Thadie the fairy; Jack the slate; Jack the cards; Paddy Ruadh; Dan the hare; Pats the Dane; Stephen the Cat; Ben the bonnet; Bill doe; Denny uncleen; Pad luaidh; Andy the Russian; Con Plúrach; Dan wid Joan; Danleen Kit; Johnnie the gragie; Hairy Jim; Jer the Paíste; Jack Sarah; Connie Shallow Belly; Puck Reilly; Jamesie the lady; Jim daltra; Jack Con bán; Máire Waldey; Thade the king; Dan the plan; Ben the block; Peg the whisperer; Jer bodàr; Peig bodàr; Jack the Bocatin; Priesteen Collins; Jim Seán Readan; Tadhgus long Dan; Buckley Mayoress; Jer diarmian; Newsome; Buckley alumn; Tadgh Plunder; Fire and Light; Skin a shaw; Money always; Bony Corbett; Thade the Paver.

Denny the captain; Captain Connell; Dan ab; Connie the tin; The Bouncing Rat; Corney Scrape; Paddy the master; Long Jude; Jim Linspin; Paddy the liar; Dan Bastible; Con the boots; Thade Rody; Big Mág; Thade the pen; Jack the bridge; Thadie the fairy; Jack the slate; Jack the cards; Paddy Ruadh; Dan the hare; Pats the Dane; Stephen the Cat; Ben the bonnet; Bill doe; Denny uncleen; Pad luaidh; Andy the Russian; Con Plúrach; Dan wid Joan; Danleen Kit; Johnnie the gragie; Hairy Jim; Jer the Paíste; Jack Sarah; Connie Shallow Belly; Puck Reilly; Jamesie the lady; Jim daltra; Jack Con bán; Máire Waldey; Thade the king; Dan the plan; Ben the block; Peg the whisperer; Jer bodàr; Peig bodàr; Jack the Bocatin; Priesteen Collins; Jim Seán Readan; Tadhgus long Dan; Buckley Mayoress; Jer diarmian; Newsome; Buckley alumn; Tadgh Plunder; Fire and Light; Skin a shaw; Money always; Bony Corbett; Thade the Paver.

fixed it up, then took it back to the Convent. The Rev.d Mother said "Well Connie whats' the charge?" expecting at the same time that the job would have been done free of charge "Half-a-crown to you, Ma'am" said Connie. "But" said the Revd Mother, "it only cost a shilling the first day." "ah! Ma'am" said Connie "it is better now than it was the first day."Connie often went to Brosna in Co. Kerry with tin gallons, pints and saucepans for sale. There was one particular family there who showed great kindness to Connie.
The mother of the family died some time after one of Connie's visits and on the next occasion he went to Brosna Connie knew, that as he had not been able to go to the funeral he should express his sympathy some way but poor man, did not know what to do or say; so when Connie met the son of the family, he stammered out "Did ye hear from your mother since she died?""The longer you know, the more you live." says Connie"Say nothing" said Connie "but saw wood"

fixed it up, then took it back to the Convent. The Rev.d Mother said "Well Connie whats' the charge?" expecting at the same time that the job would have been done free of charge "Half-a-crown to you, Ma'am" said Connie. "But" said the Revd Mother, "it only cost a shilling the first day." "ah! Ma'am" said Connie "it is better now than it was the first day."Connie often went to Brosna in Co. Kerry with tin gallons, pints and saucepans for sale. There was one particular family there who showed great kindness to Connie.
The mother of the family died some time after one of Connie's visits and on the next occasion he went to Brosna Connie knew, that as he had not been able to go to the funeral he should express his sympathy some way but poor man, did not know what to do or say; so when Connie met the son of the family, he stammered out "Did ye hear from your mother since she died?""The longer you know, the more you live." says Connie"Say nothing" said Connie "but saw wood"

Cornelius Cronin, usually called Connie the tin being a tinsmith by trade, had the habit, when there were two nouns in a sentence, of always saying the second one, first. It was not exactly a case of "putting the car before the horse" as this story shows.
Connie's daughter - Maggie went to America. Some time after, Canon ORiordan met Connie and he said "Well, Connie, how is Maggie getting on ?" "Oh! very well Canon" says Connie "She's a priest in a cook's house."Connie was often employed to solder pieces of lead into the shopkeepers' weights and measures when they were sent in to Head Quarters Kanturk for inspection.
While in Kanturk he would do odd jobs here and there where necessary.
The Rev.d Mother of the Convent in Kanturk sent to Connie, a gallon to put on the handle which had fallen off.
Connie put "a drop" or two in it and

On inquiring of my uncle I have got the following information - Every farmer in this locality sows potatoes as they are a very valuable food They are healthy for both man and beast. During the famine period the people depended wholly on the potato but when the potato failed, the people died of starvation as there was no bread at that time We generally sow half an Irish acre of potatoes each year Manure is spread on the skin of the ground before being ploughed. The potatoes are sown in ridges and sometimes taobh-sódhs are turned
A plough is used for making ridges and the Taobh-sódhs are turned with a spade
The spade used at home is made by a smith named O'Connell He lives in Mountcollins on the Main road from Newmarket to Abbeyfeale For sowing potatoes the ground is first manured
Then it is ploughed into ridges and hacked
When the ground is dry the potatoes are sown. Holes are made in the ridges

While visiting Domnall susequently she betrayed a certain amount of nervousness in her general behaviour. His suspicions were aroused and ultimately he discovered in her possession the agreement as to the reward in case Domnall was captured. On his reading of the document he became so enraged that he plunged his hunting knife into her bosom causing her death.
Edward Walsh, a local poet, composed a dirge on her death. The following is taken from that piece of poetry
"The moss couch I brought thee to day from the mountain
Has drunk the last drop of thy hearts reeking fountain
This good "scian" beside me struck deep and rung hollow
In they bosom of treason young Maighread ní Chiallaigh
The English soldiers acting on the information received from this faithless woman scoured The Duhallow country in search of the outlaw
He was surprised at a farmer's house in the vicinity of Dromscarra his hiding place near Kiskeam. Tradition has it that he jumped off the cliff at Dromscarra

A local outlaw-Domnall Ó Cásga OKeeffe.Domnall OCásga OKeeffe that famous outlaw who has been compared with Robin Hood had one of his many hiding places in Dromscarra wood a little to the south of the village of Kiskeam in the county of Cork and barony of Duhallow. His cave was situated high up on a ledge of rock which was then supposed to be densely covered with shrubs so that it was impossible for him to be seen in his secluded household. The hiding place for his gun, pipe and horde are still to be seen
He had two other caves in this barony also one at Gortmore near Banteer and one near Mallow
The cave near Mallow was more frequently used than the others
He fell in love with Maigriad ní Ceallaigh a native of a townland adjacent to Mallow. One day she visited Mallow on business and there observed a proclamation offering a big reward for her lover's head. Local tradition has it that she also became friendly with an English officer then resident in Mallow. During the course of her friendship with this officer it appears she gave information as to the hiding place of her outlaw lover.

The festivals of this country each has its own origin and peculiar customs.
The second festival of the ecclesiastical year namely St Stephens day has many and peculiar customs in this locality.
Among these many and peculiar customs is the ancient one of "hunting the Wren". This custom is that a number of boys or girls masguerade as travelling musicians or in some other disguise and to solicit money for the expressed purpose of burying the "Wren". The following piece of poetry is recited while the "Wren Boys" go from door to door.
The wren, the wren, the king of all birds.
St Stephen's day he was caught in the furze
Although he is little his family is great
Cheer up old landlady and give us a treat
We followed our wren through frost and snow
We followed him three miles or more
To vist you here and to vist you there
A happy Christmas and a merry new year
So up with the kettle and down with the pan
A shilling or two to bury the wren
And if you treat us of the best
I hope in heaven your soul may rest
But if you treat us of the small
That wont agree with the wren boys at all.
Chalk Sunday the Sunday following Shrove Tuesday is a day of.

The old custom of keeping them in the homesteads has disappeared. They are generally very grateful for anything they get and which the kind housewife gives them. The majority of this community travel in bands with caravans as their mode of conveyance a bed by night a means of transport by day.
An old resident of my district, now dead often contrasted the religious spirit of the "travelling" folk of half a century ago with the want of manners of the vagrant train to day. He often told of the "beggar man" or woman who travelled from door to door. They were generously treated with a "maam" of flour or meal and the Ar-n-Atar was the word of praise. These were given lodgings in the farmer's house for the night and received the greatest hospitality. During the night by a comfartable fire they told of their experiences and early in the morning like "Caóch" OLeary they started again. Many were I was told children or grand-children of well-to-do famers who suffered by eviction at the hands of the Absentee Landlords. This type of travelling folk is gone and with them the honesty and respectabity that existed.

The Leipreachan is also known by another name such as a Lutharagan. He is about a foot and a half in height. He is dressed very peculiarly. He wears a three cornered hat trimmed with gold lace, a knee breeches, and has a jug of beer always by his side.
He is supposed to be generally singing some Irish song whilst he is working very diligently. Needless to say he has some occupation and that is cobbling shoes. There is one person who resides adjacent to my house and who caught him but he was not successful in getting his money. When he demanded his purse the Leipreachan said it was behind him. He turned around to look and with lightening velocity the Leipreachan disappeared.
I have never heard of he helping or injuring any person.

The art of Basket making was much practised in this part of the country in years gone by. There is only one man here now who can make baskets and it was he told me about them. His name is Jim OSullivan Kiskeam Co. Cork aged 65 years
There were three kinds of baskets - (1) back-basket's - Cliabh-móna; (2) Sciath - a shield shaped basket and a (3) calf basket - gobán. This latter was used to prevent a calf from sucking the cow.
The back basket could be made with or without a frame. If without, there are 4 corner sticks or twigs
strong ones put standing perpendicularly with intermediate ones these are called Sáithteáin. Then the twigs - osies - are woven in and out between those.
The Sciath is made with a twig shaped like a bow; and is used for bringing in turf, potatoes and such things.

Jeremiah Cronin locally called Jerry Mickie Thadhg, lived in Knockeenacunnig.
After a fair day in Knocknafree, a bedraggled cow with her sides almost touching, strayed into one of Jerry Mickies fields. She remained there for a week and was growing fat and strong and there was nobody claiming her. One morning as Jerry passed her by he said "you're there, faith, you are a chroidhe, and it is not homesick you are aither."

Pat Cronin locally known as Pad Jude was at the wake of William Murphy (known as William Denny Bill) "The drink" was not too plentiful and after waiting with the greatest patience for a long time Pad, finally said to his neighbour "I wonder, do they know he is dead." Some time after when the attendant was doing the rounds of the house she had the bottle of whiskey in one hand and the customary small glass - which was used at wakes and out of which each person drank in his turn without waiting till it was washed or wiped - in the other hand. She came to Pad and Pad drank off his portion. The attendant passed on and then one of the boys near Pad said "Well Pad how did you like that much?"
"Faith" said Pad "If it was poison it would not kill you"

Another cure for warts - Get nine rushes of straw with knees on them, throw away one and bury the eight others in some place where they would rot quickly and as they rot the warts disappear.A fasting spit for nine mornings was another cure for wartsUisge gan iarraídh was another cure for warts.Cure for toothache - As St. Peter sat on a marble stone outside the walls of Jerusalem. Our Saviour passed him by and said "Peter what aileth thou"? Peter answered and said "O, Lord I am suffering from a toothache." Our Lord said "Arise Peter and thou shalt be healed"
Anyone who keeps this in memory shall never suffer from the toothache.

A person who licks an "arch. luachra" has a cure for a burn in his or her tongue.
I was told the following story by an eye witness (since dead).
There was a man in the locality who licked an "arch luacra (arc luachra) One day he had a bet with some neighbours that he would redden an iron in the fire of the forge and rub it to his tongue. This he actually did - stuck out his tongue and licked the red hot iron so that the sizzling of the tongue could be heard and yet the man's tongue was not burnt.

In days gone by there used be a fair at Dromagh, and a great fair it used to be. They used to go there from the three counties. Well, about three months after the happenings in Dom fort that night; it happened that Máire was at this fair in Dromagh and who did she see there but the strange man again and he having a stick in his hands. The people were buying and selling away as usual and sometimes when a bargain was made and the seller didn't put "bail ó Dia" on the cattle or wish the buyer luck, the strange man would touch the beast with his stick and from that ont, the beast would start to wither away and to look not worth a thraneen. Máire kept her eye on the man until he went over where a few women were "Seana chaidheing" together. Without seeing him, he stuck the little stick up one's nose and she got a terrible fit of sneezing. He did the same to them all and they all got a terrible fit of sneezing - all at once - until he came to the woman that was standing beside Máire. At the first sneeze from her, "Dia linn is Muire" says Máire and with that he walks over to Máire and asks her with which eye she saw what he was doing. Without meaning to tell him she raised her hand towards her right eye and with that he sticks the little stick into her right eye and made it as blind as a bat. That was to stop her seeing what the fairies were doing.

funeral has passed. He also conveys the funeral a part of the journey.
When the graveyard gate is reached the coffin is taken from the hearse and borne by men to the grave. The coffin is then laid down by ropes after which the priest and people pray for the repose of the soul of the dead person. The priest then shakes holy-water on the coffin and grave after which the earth is thrown in. They then pray again and everybody leaves except the relatives and friends who stay for a while longer.
In former times people never made a grave on Monday. If a person died on a Saturday night formerly he would be buried on Monday. Any person would not open a grave on Monday but it was started on Sunday by taking off one scraw and finishing it on Monday. Funerals never go the shortest route to the graveyard.

number are inserted at each corner of the hearse. The priest who anointed the person previous to his death also attends the funeral on invitation. He wears what is known as a "shirt" that is a certain length of white linen is worn extending from the right under the left arm. It is tied at the end by a piece of black ribbon if the person dead is old and by a white ribbon if the person dead is young.
As the funeral proceeds to the graveyard the immediate relatives have preferance of walking after the hearse. All the funeral follow the hearse except the priest who goes in front.
In former times people bought a piece of land in the graveyard. The majority of the people bought this piece of ground.
When the corpse has been waked the second night in the church the funeral takes place. When the funeral leaves the church the bell is rung. It is called the dead bell and gives three tolls at a time. It is generally tolled about once in every two minutes and continues in this manner until the funeral goes out of sight.
If a person meets a funeral on the road in this district it is customary that he should stand and take off his hat until the

When the corpse has been waked two nights in the home, during which time the neighbours and relatives express their sympathy by attending the wake, then the funeral takes place.
Recently in this district the clergy only allow the wake to be held for one night. The corpse is conveyed to the chapel for the second night. Previous to the funeral the corpse is removed from the bed to the coffin. Only the immediate relatives are allowed in the room when the corpse is being placed in the coffin. A brown cap is placed over the face of the dead person. The lid of the coffin is then laid down.
If the journey to the graveyard is only a short distance the coffin is borne by the relatives of the deceased on their shoulders. Six men at a time generally are engaged in this and after a while six other men take the coffin. If the graveyard is a long distance a hearse is procured. There are two kinds of hearses, a motor hearse and a hearse drawn by horses, the former being the most common in this district. When the person dead is young white cockades four in

My hour it is approaching I hear the dead bell toll.
The hangman now he pinons me I must give up my soul.
I own that I am innocent that's all I have to say.
May the Lord forgive my enemies all on the judgment day.

It was at the Cork assizes my enemies they all swore.
That I had shot James Donovan and left him on his gore.
I swear to you that Donovan I never did know.
May the Lord forgive my enemies who proved my overthrow.
IIII
John Twiss from Castleisland tis true it is my name.
I never did commit a crime that I should deny that same.
I own I was a sportsman with spirits light and gay.
But by spite and paid informers my life they swore away.
IIIII
My blessing on the Mayor of Cork and his people too also.
In thousands they petitioned to relieve me they did go.
There was no use in petitioning they say that I must die.
On the 9th of February '95 upon the scaffold high

There are two forges in my locality an O Sullivan family owns one of them while an O Connor man owns the other. The O Sullivan family are blacksmiths for three generations but the O Connor family have a forge only about twenty years. One of them is situated in the Village of Boherbue and the other one is situated about half a mile from the village in the townland Gneeves. The former is situated at the cross of Boherbue while the latter is on the roadside. The forges are about 9 feet high. There is one window in each. In one of them there is a corrigated iron roof while there is a felt roof on the other. There is a small door in each of them. A fan billows that is used in one one I of them

A pocket pistol I drew forth and at him I let fly.
I gave him the second revolver boys which pierced him through the heart
And I let him have the third one before he did depart
Carey's wife and son came to the cabin where he lay
Seeing her husband lying in his gore which filled her with dismay
O'Donnell you shot my husband Mrs. Carey now did cry
Yes I did in self defence kind madam then said I
The Captain he had me handcuffed in irons firmly bound
Handed me as a fenian when I landed in Capetown
I was brought back to London 'till my trial then came on
The procecutors for the Crown were Carey's wife and son
The jury found me guilty the judge made this reply
You'll never more see Erin's shore O'Donnell you must die.
On the 21st of December all on the

There us a fairy fort in the townland of Knocknenaugh not distant from my home It is surrounded by a fence of earth There are trees growing on each side of it The manner in which it is built is that there is a circular fence all round it There is a hole in the centre of it Rumour has it that a person once tried to go into it and that he carried a lamp with him As he was going down the lamp suddenly extingushed and he lit it again Suddenly it was put out again With a ludicrous hurry he came up out of it On his homeward journey the crows gathered around him Immediately he died From that day to this any person never interfered with it The fairies are supposed to have built it Terror seizes any one that passes it by night It is customary for light to be seen every night in it.
15-11-'37

There us a fairy fort in the townland of Knocknenaugh not distant from my home It is surrounded by a fence of earth There are trees growing on each side of it The manner in which it is built is that there is a circular fence all round it There is a hole in the centre of it Rumour has it that a person once tried to go into it and that he carried a lamp with him As he was going down the lamp suddenly extingushed and he lit it again Suddenly it was put out again With a ludicrous hurry he came up out of it On his homeward journey the crows gathered around him Immediately he died From that day to this any person never interfered with it The fairies are supposed to have built it Terror seizes any one that passes it by night It is customary for light to be seen every night in it.
15-11-'37

There us a fairy fort in the townland of Knocknenaugh not distant from my home It is surrounded by a fence of earth There are trees growing on each side of it The manner in which it is built is that there is a circular fence all round it There is a hole in the centre of it Rumour has it that a person once tried to go into it and that he carried a lamp with him As he was going down the lamp suddenly extingushed and he lit it again Suddenly it was put out again With a ludicrous hurry he came up out of it On his homeward journey the crows gathered around him Immediately he died From that day to this any person never interfered with it The fairies are supposed to have built it Terror seizes any one that passes it by night It is customary for light to be seen every night in it.
15-11-'37

She feigned complete ignorance of the situation and when she was being driven home by the stranger she happened to look at the horse. To her surprise and indignation, instead of being riding on a horse, she found she was riding on a plough.
About a week after she went to a fair in Newmarket. She saw a number of fairies sticking straws into peoples' noses to make them sneeze. Any person who sneezed and did not say "God bless us" would be in the power of the fairies. She saw one fairy going up to a pretty Cailin and made her sneeze. She did not invoke the blessing but the nurse invoked it for her. The fairy turned on her very angrily and asked her which eye she saw him with. She pointed it out to him and he stuck the straw into the eye and blinded her for life. Thus the adventure of Nellie O Connor and the fairies.
9-11-37

One night last Winter on old man came to my house and told us fairy tales of the local district. We listened enraptured to his tales but I remember this one specially as I knew the place names he mentioned. He began thus;
About a century and a half ago there lived in a house near the bridge spanning the Araglen at Kiskeam a midwife name Nellie O Connor. One night she was rudely awakened from her repose be a loud rapping on the door. She inquired of the stranger who presented himself and asked, what she could do for him. The stranger was riding on a snow white horse. He told her to come with him to attend to a sick person who was gravely ill. She at once readily assented and got up on the horse behind the stranger
They journeyed about two miles along the river bank till they came to a mansion which the nurse did not remember having seen before.
She attended the patient and while she was anointing him with ointment her eye got itchy and she rubbed some of the ointment to it. When she looked again, with one eye she could see the mansion and with the eye to which the ointment was rubbed she could see a circular old ditch which she recognised as Ring's Fort down in Doon. The people who were flitting around her were only fairies.

There are many signs which foretell weather conditions. Needless to say, birds and animals are often used as weather omens. I have often heard it said that swallows flying low foretell unpleasant weather conditions. People in this district also believe that sea-gulls seen inland from the sea-shore foretell a storm. The movements of the crows are carefully watched when harvesting operations are in full swing. It is believed in this locality, when crows fly swiftly and noisily inclement weather is close at hand.
Animals, such as dogs, goats, cats, etc., foretell inclement or fine weather as their movements denote. People are not anxious to see a dog eating grass as it is believed that it is a forecast or rain.
Another sign which foretells unpleasant weather conditions is a cat sitting quite close to the fire. Generally, if fine weather is approaching he may sit basking in the sun. The goat may be seen basking in the farmyard, either during night or day, when fine weather is at hand, but will stay in some outhouse which affords him the maximum shelter when wet weather is to follow.
4-11-1937.

They take a branch of holly with them, and if they kill a wren they hang him on it. and they go about collecting money to bury the wren.
If you saw one magpie it a sign of bad luck, two for a wedding, four for a wake, and five for a funeral.
The swallow builds her nest on the rafters of an out-house or barn, or on the eaves of a house.
If the swallows come from over the seas early in Summer, it is a sign of a very warm Summer, and if they stay in the country until late in the year it is a sign of a very mild Winter.
When they fly very low, it

preaching the True Faith to the Pagans, the non believers were pursuing him in order to put him to death, and he was on the run from them.
Then wren saw the pursuers. They were about to give up the search for him, and returning homewards when the wren said that he saw him passing by that way the day before.
They renewed the search, and caught Saint Stephen, and put him to death.
On account of that the "Wrenboys" hunt the wren on Saint Stephen's Day.
They put masks on their faces and dress up in queer clothes so that nobody would know them.

The colour of the Blood remained on his breast, and henceforth every robin has a red breast.
The robin is a Sacred Bird, and it is wrong to harm him. "A Little Robin in a cage, puts all Heaven in a rage."
When the blackbird goes alone searching for food, and if he comes very near the house, it is a sign of very snowy weather.
The Wren is a very small bird and makes a small deep nest, and lays many eggs, and only lets just enough way for herself to get into the nest.
This a story about Saint Stephen and the wren:-
When Saint Stephen was

or bush, and she lines it with wisps of hay, moss, and feathers.
The robin was once an ordinary brown bird.
This is the story of how he got his red breast:-
When the jewish soldiers were searching for Our Savious, the robin saw the soldiers. They were going to put him to death when they caught him. The robin knew this and he had seen Our Lord passing that way some time before the soldiers went on his pursuit.
Our Lord was sweating Blood from his Sacred Body. The robin flew after him, and lay his breast on the blood, so as to prevent the pursuit of the soldiers.

Johnny O'Connor lived near Cullen long ago. In those days they went to Kanturk for provisions by a very long route, and passed by Leader's of Stakehill on the way home.
One day, Johnny set out from Cullen with a horse and car for a load of meal. He got the (a) load, and it was very late when he thought of coming home. As he drew near Leader's Wood, he heard a bull savagely roaring behind him. He looked around, and though it was a bright moonlight night, he saw nothing though the bull roared louder than ever behind his car.
Poor Johnny was frightened. He drew near a road-side house, and tied his horse to the gate. Going to the window to see if the

family was up, he saw that they were saying the Rosary. The "bull" heard the Rosary too, and a terrific crash was heard. Thinking that his horse was killed, Johnny ran to the gate. The dense wood, through which no human being could go, was just opposite him. The roaring sound made for the wood, and though he saw nothing he heard the "Bull" crashing through the wood. Then the roar died away in the distance.
Thoroughly shaken, Johnny took his horse into the farm yard. He went into the house and this is the story the man of the house told him:-
One of the Leader's was very wicked. He never liked meat, but made it a point to eat plenty of it every Fri. On one Friday after a good dinner of roast beef, he sallied down

Johnny O'Connor lived near Cullen long ago. In those days they went to Kanturk for provisions by a very long route, and passed by Leader's of Stakehill on the way home.
One day, Johhny set out from Cullen with a horse and car for a load of meal. He got the (a) load, and it was very late when he thought of coming home. As he drew near Leader's Wood, he heard a bull savagely roaring behind him. He looked around, and though it was a bright moonlight night, he saw nothing though the bull roared louder than ever behind his car.
Poor Johhny was frightened. He drew near a road-side house, and tied his horse to the gate. Going to the window to see if the

Old Prayer When said.God bless all here when you enter a house.The light of Heaven to the poor When lighting the lamp.
souls in Purgatory.In the name of God. when starting work.God bless the mark. when you speak of hurt or sore.Sláinte when taking a drink.Good snúchar when an unmarried person does a job for youThe Lord have mercy on the when snuffing
dead and direct the living and
the living that is mostly dead
and going astray.

God speed me. before travelling.God increase your store. When you recieve any thing from another.

Old Prayer When said
St. Mathew, Mark, Luke and John,
God bless this bed and all that lie
on.
On Good Friday the Jews came on
and pierced Our Saviour through
the Heart and Side.
His Blessed Mother standing
mournfully by.Make the Sign of the Cross on when yawning
the mouth with the thumb.God bless the work and the On entering a field where men are working
workmen too.God bless all here and God On entering a house where butter is made.
increase butter to you.May the troubles of the year When a great loss goes.
go with it.

Old Prayer When Said
1 "Dia linn" or God bless us. When sneezing
2 God / and Mary bless us When sneezing the second time.
3 Lord have mercy on the dead When snuffing.
and spare the living
4 Lord between us and all harm. When in some danger.
5 God give me patience When trials come.
6 There are four corners Before going to sleep.
to my bed. There are
four angels o 'er my
head. One to sing
and one to pray and
two to take my soul
away.
If I die before I
wake I pray to God
my soul to take.

Maighréad ní Ceallaigh This song was written by Edward Walsh, who lived in Boherbue for some time, about the murder of Maighréad ní Ceallaigh by Donal O'Keeffe (Donal A'Cásga) for her treachery in betraying him to the English soldiers for a large sum of money.
He was hiding in a cave by the Blackwater near Mallow, and she brought him provisions from the town, and it was on one of these visits to Mallow that she betrayed him and got a cheque. This dropped on the cave floor, and Donal picked it up and saw what it was, and in his anger, he stabbed her.
He then went to Dromscarra near Kiskeam, and lived there on a hill that is known as (D)"Faill Domhnaile

St. Stephen's Day is on the 26th December. On that day numbers of boys go about from house to house in disguise gathering money to bury the wren. They take with them a branch of holly, with a dead wren hanging from it, and they sing the following song:-
"The wren, the wren, the king of all birds,
On St Stephen's Day he was caught in the furze,
Although he being little his family was great
Rise up? landlady and fill us a treat,
Up with the kettle and down with the pan,
Give us the money to bury the "wran."

famed Doonasleen.
But our tricks were found out for our foes were too great,
Through the woods of Droumscara we had to retreat
But "ná bac leis" again boys we'll soon let them see
That we'll fight for old Ireland and gain liberty.
Chorus.

The "moonlighters" of Doonasleen used to sing this song:-
"When called by the voice of our captain so brave,
We shook hands with our shovels and likewise our spades
With our hearts full of joy we joined in a band
To fight for old Erin our dear native land
Chorus
Hurrah for the brave men of famed Doonasleen,
No braver nor bolder in Ireland were seen,
So true to their God and their banner of green,
Were the men and the women of

Ruin, (11)
There are the ruins of an old house in Cnochnaneach. A man named John Beechener lived there. When he died the Carmady's came to live there. Then some of them died and others went to America. The house fell into ruins.Ruin, (12)
There are the ruins of an old house in our land. It is said that a priest called father Healy lived there. Some people say he was buried near where the house was. Others say he was buried in Boherbue. We do not know which was true but we know he lived there because there is a well called Tobar an t-Sagairt.Ruin, (13)
There are ruins of an old house near our house. Mrs Lane and her son lived there. When Mrs. Lane died her son got a cottage, and the house was let fall.

Ruin, (14)
There are the ruins of an other house in Cnochnaneach. Jim O'Connor lived there for a long time. When he died the house was let fall.Ruin, (15).
There are the ruins of an old house near our house. Jack Shea lived there for awhile. When he died the house was let fall.Ruin, (16).
There are the ruins of an other old house near our house. Jack Fitzgerald and his family lived there. No one lived there after them.Ruin, (17)
There are the ruins of an other old house near us. A girl named Maureen Stole lived there. When she died the house fell.

Ruin, (11)
There are the ruins of an old house in Cnocnaneach. A man named John Beechener lived there. When he died the Carmady's came to live there. Then some of them died and others went to America. The house fell into ruins.Ruin, (12)
There are the ruins of an old house in our land. It is said that a priest called father Healy lived there. Some people say he was buried near where the house was. Others say he was buried in Boherbue. We do not know which was true but we know he lived there because there is a well called Tobar an t-Sagairt.Ruin, (13)
There are ruins of an old house near our house. Mrs Lane and her son lived there. When Mrs. Lane died her son got a cottage, and the house was let fall.

he should shoot the horse. When he went home he told the man who was working for him. The man told him of John and the magic wand.
The priest would not believe in this, and he said it was done by the power of the devil.
He was so fond of the horse that he took him to John. He asked John to cure him. John was angry for he knew that the priest used to speak about him, telling the people not to go to him, but after awhile he shook the wand over the horse and the horse was cured.
The priest thanked him and apologised and he pulled out ten pounds and he gave it to John. John took it and went away, but when he went to cure the next animal he found that the wand would not cure any more, and he thought of the money he had got from the priest, and he began to cry and he said that he should not have taken it and the promise he made to the fairy Queen was broken. He went home and sat in the corner, and pined away until he died.

all excitement. The next day his brother Pat said he would go with him into the fort and see what he was doing there. As the two of them were walking around in the fort John suddenly disappeared, and Pat started to roar "Where is John," Of course the fairies would not allow John to speak to him but he heard John's voice about a field away in an echo.
He began to think what he would do, he got frightened and said he would go home and tell them what had happened. A week had passed away and John had not come home. This night he came home and they were all excited looking at him and asking him where he had been all the week. He said he had a great time playing with the fairies and he showed them what he had got from the old mother of the fairies, a beautiful Wand. He told them he could cure everything he touched with the wand, but he could take no money as payment, only food and clothes.
Everyone brought him their pigs and cattle to be cured. A priest had a beautiful race horse, and one day as he was out hunting the horse broke his leg, and he was very sorry for her knew that

Story (48) In Glenlara about three miles west of Nemarket, there is a rough rushy field on the left hand side of the road. In this field starting from the southwestern fence, there are about six fairly large rough stones in a row, about two yards apart, all in a direct line towards the East.
The people there say that the stones were placed there by the Druids in Pagan times. The druids worshipped the sun as one of their Gods, and these stones pointed directly east, towards the rising sun.
Here it is thought, they used to offer sacrifices to the sun god.

story about it. John Philpot Curran was born in Priory. There is a great wood in Priory where he and his friends often went hunting in the old days. At the bottom of the wood there is a deep glen called Stanners's Glen. They say that on dark nights in the Winter time the horses can be heard galloping through the glen, and the huntsmen calling to one another through the wood. The hounds also can be heard crying all the night, and in the morning a fox is found dead at the bottom of the glen.

Story (No 47) My Uncle Jim lives in Priory. He told me this

soldier and went to live in London. When she died she was buried in England, but there is a head stone to her memory in Newmarket Protestant grave yard.
"Oh make her a grave
Where the sunbeams rest,
When they promise a glorious morrow
They'll smile oer her sleep
Like a beam from the West
From her own beloved Island of sorrow."

Story (No 46) I am living in Newmarket. As you leave Newmarket by the line road there is, on your right, a large house which belonged to John Philpot Curran. This man was father to Sarah Curran who was to be married to be married to Robert Emmet the leader of a great Irish Rising. Robert Emmet was executed in Dublin. Sarah Curran married a major sturgeon, an English

Story (No 45) The place where I live is now called Newmarket. It got its name because a fair used to be held there every month, and so the Aldworths called it Newmarket
The first name given to the town was Ath Treasna which means the ford of the crossing. This ford was on the river Dalua which runs to the South of the town. Before the line road was made, people

Story no(44) I live in Scarteen. That place is situated near Newmarket. Long ago there was a fight in Scarteen between The White boys and the English soldiers. The White boys had not a strong army and they were beaten in the fight. In Scarteen there is a glen called Gleann an Aifrinn, for the priests used to read Mass there when they had no permission to read Mass in the churches. One day the English soldiers found three priests and they hanged them there.

Story (No 43) One night Con Shine was coming from a neighbours house. He was coming towards the fairy field in his own land in Lisrobin, when he heard a noise behind him. He knew about the fairy field and he got afraid. When the noise passed him out he found it was a calf. The calf came back again and walked after him. It looked through every gap and then ran after him. When he came to his own bocharín the calf remained there. He was not gone far when it came running after him. It ran up and down the boreen four times while he was going down. It was as soon as he at the house. He called the dogs. When they saw the calf they only ran into the house screaming because they knew it was

Story (No 42) There was a house at Lisrobin cross Long ago. One day the woman of the house went out picking brosna. It was Winter time and she was surprised to find a young duck. When she came home she got sick and was very bad. The husband was gone for the doctor and a little red man came in and asked the person who was minding the woman if the woman of the house was sick. She said she was. He went to the top of the table and started reading. When the woman looked around again, she saw that he was gone. When the husband came home the woman of the house was alright
It is thought that the duck was a fairy. He got sorry for injuring her and came back to make her alright.

Story (No 41) Long ago the people had no cloaks. They got up at cock crow. Sometimes the cock might crow at twelve o'clock. My Grandfather was going to Millstreet fair; he saw a man thrown on the side of the road with a hold of his horse bridle. He thought the man was drunk and he went to raise him up. When he went near the man the man rose up and grinned at him. My Grandfather knew that he did not want him to touch him. So he went his way.

Story (No 40) Long there was a house in our field near the road. We call it the forge field now. A man named John McCarthy lived there. One day the man of the house went to Kanturk. It was late in the evening when he came home. He saw his white cow in the field when he was coming up to the house. He said to himself "It is early my wife has the cow out. When he came to the house his wife said "Something must have come over the white cow, because she wont go from the house for me" The husband said "I met our own white cow in the field when I was coming. He went out and saw an other white cow outside. He said to his wife: Dont touch that cow becuase she is a fairy cow" That night the wife died. It is said that the fairies

Story (No 37) There is a Kiln in a field behind our house. Long ago when my Great Grandfather used to drive back the cows past the Kiln in the boreen and into the field, a fairy woman used to jump off the Kiln, and stop the cows in the boreen. The cows could go no further but they often stabbed each other and hurt each other with there horns.
One night when my Great Grandfather was driving the cows, he took a butchers knife with him. He ran at the fairy woman and stabbed her. In the morning when they went to see was the body there, they saw nothing but frog's eggs.
It is thought that the woman was one of the good people, because long ago in the famine years a woman died at that Kiln and was buried under

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Story (No 36) This is a story about Kilmacrane which is about five miles from Banteer. My mother lived there before she came to live to Lisrobin. There is a certain field in her people's land, where the fairies play lovely music every night. One night a man was passing by that field with a horse and car. He saw a woman jump inside the fence. He knew about the field. He was anxious to know where the woman would go, so he jumped inside the fence after her. He did not see the woman. He went home and told the story. On the day after he died. His mother told him when he was dying to come back and tell them where he was. One evening they were milking the cows about a week after his death. They saw him coming from the direction of the fairy field. They ran home because they were frightened. They did not wait to hear from him where he was, but it is though that he did not die, but that the fairy woman took him away.

Story (35) When my mother got married her parents then lived alone with their son. When the cows were milked every night the son went off roving. The old couple did not do much work and the husband rested on the half-door on fine evenings. One evening as it was just getting late he looked out in the yard and to his amazement he saw a funeral outside. He called his wife to come and see it, but she said he was raving and she did not go to see if it were true.
Some evening after as he was lying again over the half door he saw the funeral and the yard full of people now he called his wife again; this time she went to see and she saw the yard full. She also noticed that the hearse was in front of her own bedroom window. As quickly as they could they bolted the door and went to bed, because they were afraid to stay up. That night the room was torn asunder by the good people.
The next time the husband went to

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Story (34) Not many years ago the people of this place made their own butter and then put it into firkins and took it to Cork to sell it. A woman from Taur whose husband was dead had planned with a neighbour to go to Cork together. Each were to have their own car
The widow got up about one o'clock. She went down to the bottom of the bohereen to wait for the neighbour. Afterawhile she heard a car coming. It was coming nearer and nearer and at last what came on but the hearse and funeral. It passed on and then came the saddle-horses. There was one white horse in the group. It came towards her and her husband who was dead many a year ago was riding on it. He began talking to her. He then bid her "Goodbye and he warned her never again to be out such an late hour.

Story (33) A certain bridge was haunted every night by a woman dressed in white I do not know where was the bridge. As each one passed her she handed them a pipe to smoke. They were very frightened and they did not take it. A certain man passed the way. She handed him the pipe. He took it and took a smoke. He handed it back to her again and said "may the Lord have mercy on the Dead." At that moment she disappeared and she was never afterwards seen. Probably she was doing her penance and that his prayer released her and that she went straight to Heaven.

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Story (32) A McCarthy chieftain was building a Castle near Kanturk. According as he met the people going to Cork with butter he killed them and wet the cement with their blood. Someone said it would never be finished. He heard this and he said that it should be finished.
One day he went to Limerick to arrange some business. The horse shed a shoe
He went into the forge to get a new one on. The smith said he had no iron to make it. Then McCarthy handed him his own gun to make it. There was a charge in the gun and when put into the fire it exploded and shot McCarthy. Meanwhile he had sent his men for glass for the Castle. When they heard of his death they threw it into the river. A bridge was built near this place and it was called Áth na Gloine ever afterwards

Story (26) I live in a Townland called Barr an Churraigh which is in the parish of Newmarket and in the Diocese of Cloyne.
Along the southern part of this townland there is a wood.
In the western part of the wood there is a great mound of earth called Clais Domhnaill. It is said that a giant named Dómhnall jumped from the Both Carthaig to this spot and made that clais with his heels.

Story (23) There is a quarry about a half mile from my house. It is said that it was haunted by a Spirit who fought with a man who was coming from town, and the Spirit stuck the man with a knife. The man was never seen or heard of since. The quarry is called Coireál na Spride. The young people have forgotten about it and they are not afraid to pass the quarry.

Story (22) I am living in Blueford. The Gleanntán-chaoch is about half a mile from my house. Their is a lios near it. The old people say that a man was found dead near the Gleanntán-chaoch about sixty years ago. People are afraid to pass there in the middle of the night for they think there are fairies there. People are afraid to pass there yet.
The lios is in Blueford. It is in Tom Murphy's land. When you would be passing the lios after night fall you would see lights. When you would be coming towards the lights they would disappear. It is said that the lights might be the good people. I was never out after nightfall.

the sign of the Saint's hand remained on the stone.
The Protestants of Newmarket would not believe that it was the sign of the Saint's hand. They bribed a man to cut the sign off the hand.
They told him they would give him a large sum of money if he did so.
He got an implement, and went about doing his job, but the moment he touched the stone, he dropped dead on the spot.

Story (20) Long ago there lived in the village of Cúilínn three girls. At night these girls never kindled the fire, but in the morning one of them went to the forge near by for the gríosac. They always put it into their aprons, but it never burned them.
One morning as one of the girls was leaving the forge, the smith remarked how white her feet were.
Through pride she looked behind her, and at that moment the fire burned her apron, and fell to the ground.
She went home very sorrowfully.
On that day the three girls were seen in the disguises of three white birds flying over their home, and they flew away and were never again seen.
One of them landed in Laítireán, but as she was flying towards it, she alighted in a field near Newmarket.
A big stone was lying in the field; she rested her hand on the stone, and

which he tried to take off.
It is supposed he was doing penance for the land he tried to take which was not his own.

Story (19) In the townland Connacán Bán there lived two families whose lands were boundring one another. Each possessed big farms. They did not agree about the boundary.
A river ran through their lands and the river was supposed to be the boundary. One man said his land crossed the river and covered the glen close to the river.
One evening late while one of the farmers had gone to the forge, the other came and wired what he supposed to be his own land. Next day when the other farmer appeared, he saw the wire, and he went with implements to take it away.
But he did not succeed. He went home and he got a bad cold
He remained in bed for twelve months and he died.
Some time after his death he was seen walking along near the wire

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1 In a house owned now by Con Mulcahy a school was taught long ago.
2 Next a school was built in Jim Shine's land in Glashakinleen. It was a thatched house, and was given by Jim Shine. Two teachers taught there.
It was built in an inconvienent place for pupils to come, so they made another house into a school near Glashakinleen Bridge.
3 It was built in Connie Murphy's land. When they removed to the school built on Connie Murphy's land, tenants came to live in the old school house.
First the Shines came to live there, and then the O'Keefes came there. Then they were evicted by a man called Paddy Twomey who claimed the place as his. He lived there for

stone in the middle of the river. He crossed on to the stepping stone safely, but he was flung into the middle of the river.
His foot met a pointed stone, and it cut his knee through his trousers, and it also cut his trousers. He got out of the river, and he was very wet. He went home and he went to bed.
At rising time his wife got up. He told her he was sick, and tired after playing football through the night, and that be could not get up. She would not believe that he was playing football, but he told her to look at his trousers.
She found it very wet, and a patch was cut from it, where the stone met it.
She also saw the cut knee.
This man remained in bed for many weeks, and he died.
It is supposed the fairies wanted him to play their games of football, as he was a good footballer.

Story (17) In the townland gleann-na-muchlac there lived a man and woman long ago.
They had a small farm but the had no helper on the farm. One night they both went to bed, but in the middle of the night the man was called.
He did not rise for a long time, but the voice kept on calling him. He arose at last and the voice told him to follow him to a certain field.
He went to a field about two miles from his own home. In that field he saw fairies playing football. They asked him to join in their game. This man was very good at playing football, so he liked to have a game. He played until break of day and then he heard many voices cheering him, and the fairies disappeared. He started for home.
On his way home, he was obliged to cross a river. This river was not very deep, but it was wide and hard to cross. There was a stepping-

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Story (16) My grandaunt one night was in bed. She was sleeping with her sisters. Her grandmother who was dead for years came to her, and took her out by the hand.
She said she wanted her to show her the fresh milk that was put in the pecks the night before. She was with her mother putting it there. When she took the milk, she took her by the hand, and put her to bed. When she woke in the morning she was dressed and in the bed with her father and mother in a different room. Because she was dressed they believed her when she told the story to them.

Story (15) My Uncle and another man were coming from town one night. Coming on to Gleanntán Caoch they heard ducks quacking inside the fence. They went in and caught them. They brought them home, and put them under a box and in the morning they were gone. It was not long after when one of the boys died.

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Story (13) One night my grandfather was coming from town. He saw a spirit in the shape of a woman behind him in the car. He struck a pen-knife in her and she fell out on the road. In the morning in the same place he found only frogs' eggs.

Story (12) There is a field in Glashakinleen, and lights are seen in it; and lights can be seen coming towards it from the lios in Blueford. If anyone went in to that field at midnight he could not come out until sun rise in the morning.
It is said that is the fairies' playing field, and that is the punishment put on anyone by the fairies that goes into it when they need it.

In the morning when she got up the door was un-bolted and the dog was dead. This was a punishment put on my Auntie for my Uncle wanted her to come to our house for he knew the child would hardly live and she would not go. In the morning when my Uncle went to our house the child was dead and he told them what happened.

Story (10) When a brother of mine was very small he died. The night he died I was sleeping in another room with my sister. When he died my father and mother and the others who were inside heard all the crying in the yard. My father thought that it was one of us were crying. He went up in the room to see if we were crying but we were asleep.
He looked out the window and he saw a big light going down the bóithrin. The same hour at my Uncle's house the dog was heard barking. My Uncle was just in bed and my Auntie was still in the kitchen. She saw the door being opened and the dog got a kick.
She ran up in the room where my Uncle was and told him what happened. He told her not to go down any more in the kitchen.

Her footprints can be seen on the banks yet and that is the reason the village near it is called Coiscéim na Caillíghe.

Story (9) When the Fena were in Ireland long ago, one of the Fena named Oscar was hunting near this place. A girl fell in love with him and she followed him every where.
This day he was coming to the Araglen near Kiskeam. He was on horseback. He saw the girl after him. He made the horse gallop for to jump the Araglen so that he could get away from her, but when he came to the river Oscar and the horse fell in.
When the girl came to the river, she put one foot on one bank and her other foot on the other bank and she crossed the river. When she saw Oscar and his horse in the river she said what an amasán she was to be in love with a man who could not cross the river on horseback, and herself could cross it on foot.

Story (7)There is a field in Cnoc-na-neach. It is said that if anyone went into that field during the night he could not come out until morning. He would be going round the field all night and he would see lights before him in the field.
One night my father went into the field. He could not come out until morning.

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Story (5)I am living in Cnoc-na-neach. It is near Coiscéim and it is in the Co. Cork but in the Diocese of Kerry.
There is a field in Cnon-na-neach east, in my father's land. If you were passing near that field after twelve o'clock in the night you would hear horses galloping, and if you looked into that field you would not see any horses.
Once a man went into that field. He found himself on horse back. The horse started galloping. He did not stop until he came to a field in our land covered with furze bushes. Then he tossed the man on the bushes. The man saw nothing until he was thrown among the bushes. Then he only saw where he was, and there was no trace of the horse.
People say that he was punished for interfering with the Good People in their own field.

with the chalice to this field and hid it before they were cruelly murdered by Cromwell's soldiers. The graves are said to be those of the two priests who were murdered by Cromwell's soldiers. Up to nine or ten years ago it is said that each Christmas night candles could be seen lighting and the form of a priest praying near the tree. Several priests and people visit this field to see the remarkable Chalice Tee, and the Sycamore Trees, and the graves.

said" I took a piece of a branch from off the tree "Go, as quickly as you can" she said, and put it back again". The boy did so and it grew without a root, just where he stuck it in the ground near the Chalice Tree. Adjoining this field is a smaller field where two graves are to be seen and in it there grows a sycamore tree. It grows up to a height of six feet or so in one straight stem and then it opens out into two branches growing straight to a height of nine or ten feet. At the trunk of the print of a horse's hoof, and fetlock, can easily be seen. A few years ago my uncle was ploughing that field and he found a dagger under the ground. It is said that a Mass Rock was situated a few miles from this, nearer to Meelin. During the Penal Times a priest who was celebrating Mass got word from the scouts who were watching for him, and his fellow priest, that cromwell's soldiers were on their track and they ran

Story(4)In my uncle's land in Scarteen about two miles north of Newmarket, there is a field and in the middle of this there is a tree known as The Chalice Tree". When this tree blooms each year the blossoms are of a rich, red colour. It has a long, straight stem and it is shaped like a chalice; therefore it gets the name from this. A poor woman who lives near this place sent her son years ago to gather brosna and he gathered up a bundle of sticks together with a piece of a branch from the Chalice Tree and went for home. When he came to the first fence he could not cross it, no matter how he tried. He remained there for some time until his mother came to call him. She asked him what delayed him Mother "he said" "I can't cross the fence" Jim she said, did you interfere in any way with the Tree of the Chalice?"Oh, he

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I am living in Gleann na Muclac. There is a field near my house which my father calls "The Old Stall". It is so called because an old race of people lived there who built stalls for cattle in it. Many people went astray in that field by night. One night my father was coming home from a neighbouring house. On his way he had to go through this field. He saw, not far from him, a fairy light. He kept walking on, and the light followed him. Soon, he did not know where he was. At day break next morning he found himself about two miles from home. People say that on that field they hear the Good-people playing football.

9th One night a boy was out cycling and as he was coming home his pump fell of the bicycle as he thought. He came off his bicycle but found the pump on it. Then he heard people laughing at him. When he arrived home he fell sick. Doctors were brought to him but they could not find out what was wrong with him and after about a fortnight or three weeks

4th One night a man was going on a journey on a horse and common car. On his way he noticed that the horse was sweating much and looked like as if he were pulling a heavy load and looking back be saw a woman sitting behind on the car. He kept going and the horse was still sweating and trying to pull the load, he crossed a bridge and he looked back to see if the woman was still there but she was gone. very soon the horse stopped sweating and he moved on lightly. When he arrived home he put his horse into the stable and when he got up in the morning to his surprise his fine horse was stiff and injured looking as if he had been much over worked. It is said that ghosts cannot cross rivers and that is why the ghost left his car the night before he was going to cross the bridge

the movement of certain birds and animals. If swallows were flying low or if crows were perched on sides of cocks of hay or if flocks of crows were flying low in the evenings, or if crows perched on the boughs of the trees when they came out of their nests in the mornings, or if seagulls were flying inland and calling loudly, or if crows or other birds were seen picking their feathers, or if flocks of sheep went by ditches or if sheep or goats came down from the hills to the valleys or if goats were lying on a dusty part of the road or if dogs were seen eating grass or if cats were tearing posts or if cats were lying with their backs to the fire or if a dog that was in the habit of going out at night was anxious to stay inside, or if ducks were quacking loudly or if a flock of geese flew against the wind after being left out in the morning or if cattle were running it was a sign of rain.
I was also told by the same old person that long ago the people could tell the weather by seeing certain insects. If a number of ants were seen on the road or if a number of worms came out on the road after a shower of rain or if a number of snails were seen on the side of the road in the morning or if black frogs were seen it was a sign of rain. They had also other natural signs of bad weather such as distant hills looking near
walls weeping, floors weeping, salt getting damp, glasses of pictures weeping, dry bacon dropping, soot falling, grass without dew on a Summer's morning, wet roads dry quickly, wind blowing dust off road, rain-drops staying on the window-panes, swollen rivers going down quickly
An old woman told me that if haws are

110 You can not have your bread and eat it
111 There is no happiness without health
112 God's ways are different from ours
113 He who buy the plough must thrive himself must either hold or drive.
114 Vessels large may venture more, But little boats should keep near the shore
115 Má cuirtear san larrach, baintear sa bhfoghmhar é
116 buail an iarrain té
117 Ní togadh romhaibh in aon lá
118 Fuair an capall bás an fhaid a bhionn an feúr ag fás.
119 Lá sé cómh tapaid le gaoithe Máirte
120 bíonn gach cosnú lagh
121 Ní théigheann stoirm thar Oomhnach na rabharca char leadaoin.
122 If you are lucky in the morning you are lucky in the evening.
Robert Beechinor
Scarteen St

92 The first and second goes a-like but the third crow takes the bite.
93. It is lucky sometimes to be late.
94 Let the best horse jump the ditch.
95 A shut mouth catches no flies
96 He is as sly as a fox
97 Níl aon teinteán mar do thinteáin féin
98 He is as hungry as a thatcher
99 Mind the person that dosen't say much.
100 Mara capall I gheobhair féir
101 He who goes a sorrowing goes a borrowing
102 Work and save while you may, No morning sun last a whole day.
103 With the light of the day, We have nothing to pay.
104 Talk according to your size.
105 It is as dark as tome-a-fuea.
106 One man's downfall is another man's uprise.
107 Lá do phósadh agus lá do bháis mar a bhí riamh ort annsan bíonn trácht.
108 Seldom seen is much admired.
A trusty friend is hard to find
But when you find one good and true,
Change not the old one for the new.
109. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

you can do to-day
79. The longest way round is the shortest way home
80. After a storm comes a calm.
81. Saying and doing are two different things
82. A slip in the tongue is no fault in the mind.
83 The stormy day is not the day for thatching
84 The day of your marriage and the day of your death are the days when every one will talk about you
85 What is not put in the Spring can not be reaped in the harvest.
86 Every start is weak.
87 Sense bought is better than sense taught
88 Spare for the rainy day
89 Eaten bread is soon forgotten
90 All the hay and oats that ever grew could not make a race-horse out of a donkey.
91 All that glitters is not gold.

59 Dubhairt bean liom go ndubhairt bean léi.
60 Ní hé lá na gaoithe na lá na sgolb.
61 He would smoke the leg off a pot.
62 He is a handy as a small pot.
63 He hasn't the brains of a sparrow.
64 What can you expect from a pig but a grunt.
65 Work is better than talk.
66 A good word in the court is better than a pound your pocket
67 The time nor the tide will wait for no man.
68 Have it yourself or be without it.
69 All he says isn't the Lords Prayer.
70 Little is better than nothing.
71 Empty cans make most noise.
72 He is as deaf as a stone.
73 He wouldn't hit a white house.
74 One fool makes many but the oldest fool is the worst of any.
75 The most rain fills the tub.
Seldom seen is much admired
But when you find one good and true
Change not the old one for the new
77 Your friend is your pocket
78 Never put off for to-morrow what

40. Praising a man is not always for his benefit.
41. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.
42. There is no happiness without health.
43. Silks and Satans often put out the kitchen fire.
44. Fools build houses and wise men live in them.
45. Half an hour too soon is better than half a minute too late.
46. It's an ill wind that blow no one any good.
Edward Allen, Newmarket
47. Never count your chickens until they are hatched.
48. Pride will have a fall.
49. He'd drink the rain-down.
50. He'd drink Lough Erne dry.
51. He'd put legs under hens.
52. Charity begins at home.
53. As mad as a March hare.
54. As clean as a new pin.
55. As wicked as a bag of cats.
56. As blind as a bat.
57. As black as the pot.
58. He has got his back teeth long ago.

20. Hunger is good sauce.
21. Better late than ever.
22. The more hurry the less speed.
23. You can't have your loaf and eat it.
24. Make hay while the sun shines.
25. A rolling stone gather no moss.
26. After a storm comes a calm.
27. One good turn deserves another.
28. A good start is half the work.
29. A new broom sweep clean.
30. Many hands make light work.
31. A good run is better than a bad stand.
32. What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
33. He is as poor as a Church mouse.
34. When the cat is out the mice are dancing.
35. By learning to obey we know how to command.
36. A good character is better than a great fortune.
37. He that cannot bear a jest should not make one.
38. Religion is the best armour but the worst cloak.
39. We know the worth of water when the well is dry.

10..11..381. A stitch in time saves nine.
2. Too many cooks spoil the broth
3. Rome was not built in a day.
4. Have it yourself or be without it.
5. One bite of a rabbit is better than two bites of a cat.
6. The old dog for the long road and the pup for the manger.
7. Say little and say it well.
8. Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
9. Patience and perseverance would carry a snail to Jerusalem.
10. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
11. He is better fed than taught.
12. He would persuade a pig and a priest.
13. Sense bought is better than sense taught.
14. Every beginning is weak.
15. It is never to late to learn.
16. Time is a good story teller.
17. A bird in your hand is worth two in the bush.
18. It is never too late to mend.
19. Constant dropping wears a stones

Local Happenings 7-6-'58
My father Mr. J. O'Connor of Dromagh, told me the following story a few nights ago. This story relates to the burning of a church.
He said that when the English had passed Dromtariffe church they set fire to it, burning 400 people who had sought sanctuary there.
He said that next day they crossed the river and set fire to Kilcorney church. It was easy to set fire to these as they had thatched roofs on them.
He said that Dromagh castle surrendered just three weeks after the burning of the church.

My mother Mrs. J O'Connor of Domagh told me the following story. She said that an old woman named "Joan the Captain" who lived 100 yards below this church now a nun, told how she was going to mass on a certain Sunday and having no clocks at the time and fearing she was too late for the service, turned into the graveyard to say her prayers.
When she entered she saw two candles lighting and heard the little bell ringing at mass.

Yet, withal, the people were very neighbourly. They helped one another in time of need. If a farmer, through misfortune of any kind, were unable to get through with his work at the proper time the neighbours arranged a day, and they all came together to assist him.
Any horse-work required by the poor was usually done by the neighbouring farmers Gratis.
The poor were never without milk. They got new milk, sour milk, and buttermilk without charge of any kind from the farmers who lived near them. The idea of taking money for those things would be scouted with contempt. The idea was that God had given those things to themselves freely and that the poor were also entitled to get them freely. They would think that the anger of God would fall on them if they charged the poor for them
At Xmas time the farmers usually distributed geese, and lumps of butter to their poor neighbours. This latter custom is not yet entirely dead as far as the geese is concerned, but the advent of the creameries put an end to the free distribution of milk and butter among the poor.
The poor in turn. showed their gratitude to their benefactors. They were always at hand in time of need. When working they worked hard. They started early and worked late. Unlike the workers at present they didn't spend the last half of the day watching the clock

subsided to let them return home.
The whole valley was a scene of desolation next day. The river had torn its banks and in some places had changed its course. Fences had been swept lay. The "inches" were covered under with large lumps of peat. Hay was scattered in all directions having been swept away out of the meadows. Cattle had disappeared, having been swept away by the current. The strands along the river were piled up with sand and gravel many feet in height. The storm and flood gave material for conversation to the people adjoining the river for many a week after.
A few days later the weather cleared again and continued fine for the remainder of the harvestTold and set down by
John Galvin
Islandbrack
Bohebue
Co. Cork.
27/12/38

and fro as if there were an earthquake. Everybody, even the most nerveless was semi-hysterical with fear long before the storm began to abate. In fact it didn't reach the climax of its fury till shortly before it stopped. This was about 11.30- the storm and rain having lasted continuously and with ever increasing fury for the 3.5 hours.
When calm was restored four of my neighbours from the other side of the river, and who knew that my cows usually slept on the bank of the river, came to inquire what had happened them. When I informed them that all were safe they set out to return home. During the interval the flood continued to rise. The road near the river for a distance of 10 yards is level, and near each end of the level part there is a bridge- a big bridge over the river and a small relief bridge nearer to my house. This small one is to relieve the large bride when the river is flooded.
As the party passed the small bridge they walked into a flood of water which had come over a fence about five feet high into the road. They rushed back to escape the swirling waters, and just as the last person had crossed, the water which was coming down the valley like a tidal wave, swept away the small bridge with a terrific roar. They had to remain in my house till next morning when the flood had sufficiently

immediately marched away into the higher fields and I returned to my house. I remember remarking on my arrival that the night would certainly be a bad one, telling my wife about the lowing of the cattle.
Scarcely had I finished speaking that a blinding flash of forked lighting stabbed the air, followed by a deafening crash of thunder. These were followed by intervals at first of every two or three minutes. Then the rain began. It would be literally true to day that the heavens opened so heavy was the downpour. The noise of the falling rain was so great as to almost drown the bellowing of the thunder.
The thunder began about 8 o'clock, and grew in frequency and intensity, till after a while it seemed like one continuous peal. The air was almost suffocating and after each discharge of lightning there was a smell resembling that of sulfur. You may depend upon it that prayers were said, acts of contrition recited and rosaries go leor that night .
There was no question of going to bed as sleep would be utterly impossible owing to the fury of the elements. So near and violent were the peals of thunder that on several occasions the house in which I live - a very substantial one - swayed to

was charged with electricity. The calm was so great that one could feel it, and feel too that a terrible convulsion was at hand. It was the calm before the storm. It was as if the elements had retreated to gather strength in preparation for a terrific onslaught.
I have a distinct recollection of that evening and night, and I do not think that the memory of it will ever be anything but vivid in my mind.
I have a small farm, and at that time I had six mild cows. They were always milked at seven o'clock in the evening and were then driven to their quarters for the night, which was an "inch" on the banks of the River Araglen. I drove them there myself on this occasion as I was otherwise unoccupied; and then occurred something very strange, which proves the instinct of cattle and their sensibility to the approaching convulsions of nature. Instead of spreading all over the "Inch" to feed as was their invariable habit on other evenings they made a bee-line for the gate leading out of it into the higher land away from the river, and there began to bellow loudly, as if calling to me to set them free from the approaching danger.
I remember well saying to myself that the night was going to be a bad one and that the cattle were aware of the fact.
I went and opened the gate leading out of the "Inch" and let them have their fling: They

neighbouring villages collecting money "To bury the wren".

lighted in every house on that night and the Rosary is said in honour of the dead.
The 1st November is called All Saints Day. People go to Mass on that day and say extra prayers in honour of the dead. They also light candles in the Chapel in honour of the dead
The 25th December is called Christmas Day. The night before people light big candles in honour of Jesus Christ
On Christmas morning every person goes to early Mass and receives Holy Communion. Every house-hold haves a big feast on that day
It is an old custom that every house-hold would be at home for Christmas if possible
The 26th December is called Saint Stephen's Day. On that day a number of boys gather together and disguise themselves. They then go out through the country and

some people get up very early to see the sun dancing. On that morning the people eat as many eggs as they can.
On May-day the people shake Holy Water on their cows and on their land. It is said that it is not right to sit on the grass on that day because you would get a "fairy stroke"
The sixth of May is called Dromtarriffe Well Day. On that day the people go to Dromtarriffe well and pay rounds there.
The twenty third of June is called Saint John's Day
It is an old custom to light a fire on that night. This night is called "Bon-fire Night"
The twenty ninth of September is called Michaelmas Day.
On that day every house-hold try to have a young goose for dinner
The 31st October is called Hallow Eve. There is a candle

until is decays. Another is then made.
February the second is called Candlemas Day. On that night when the people are going to bed they quinch the candle and say "On Candlemas Day
Throw candles and candle-sticks away"
On Shrove Tuesday the people who did not go to confession before that day, had to go to "Sceilg". On that night people make pan-cakes, and that night is called "Pan-cake Night"
The Sunday before Easter Sunday is called Chalk Sunday
On that Sunday the marriagable girls who did not get married during Shrove were chalked on the back coming out from Mass.
The 17th March is called Saint Patrick's Day. On that day all the Irish peope wear shamrocks on their coats
On Easter Sunday morning

22.11.1938 January the first is called New Year's Day. At twelve o'clock on that night the Protestant bell is rung and the band is played and the young people parade the town to welcome "The old year out and the new year in"
January the sixth is called Little Christmas Day or The Women's Christmas. On the night before a large candle is lighted in every house. The feast held on Little Christmas Day is nearly as big as the feast held on Christmas Day
The first of February is called Saint Brigit's Day. On that day people make peculiar crosses of straw. These are called Saint Brigit's Cross. They hang this cross in the house and say:- "We place this house under the care of Saint Brigit." The cross is let hang on the wall

And as I'am a sinner
Buckley Jade was declared the winner
He jumped from his sate
As the rafters did shake
And took the old goat by the halterAnd led her away without faulter

Mc Carthy the Yank
To' put money in bank
Of late send word around
That he'd play an old goat
For half a pound note
Or perhaps the one fourth of a pound
II
So last Saturday night
With the moon shinning bright
Oer woodland valley and rill
The neighours came thronging
All laughing and longing
To Callaghans forge at Goose-berry-Hill.
III
Old Reardon Pat took the deck from his hat
And shuffled them over to Paddy O'Neill
Who to be sure from the height of
Rè Mhór
Came there that night without fail
IV
Now says O Neill each man that is winning
To beg or to borrow, the money to pay
Sit down to the table and begin
to play

put it into an old pocket of a coat, and I sewed it good and tight, so the ball would hop good and heigh.
I also made a bow and arrow. This is how a bow and arrow is made. I first get a fairly strong twig, which will bend, then tie the cord to each end tightly I then have the bow made,
Next I get a strong twig and point the top and a notch on the end. It is used by putting the cord into the notch, then catch the end of the arrow and pull it back then let it spring forward with the result that it throw the arrow.
Another home made toy, is a kite. Made of light twigs and paper. First cut the paper in the shape of a dimond and at each point make a little pocket so that the ends of the sticks would fit

A swing is a home made toy, it is made by putting a rope on to one branch and the other rope tied to another branch then get a bag and put it on the rope, then the swing is made.
When we want a football. When a pig would be killed, to get the bladder and fill it with air. There is also another way of making a football. We get a pocket of an old garment then stuff it with hay and sew it up.
I often made a hurley also. I would make it out of a furze stick which is also called a "furze root". I used to shape it out in the shape of a hurley with a hatchet and I would finish it off with a knife.
I made a ball of corks and thread, This ball is called a slitter. First of all I got four corks and I wound thread around the four corks, until I had it a large size. Then I

16-9-1938 The following are the names of the fields on our farm.- the Buaile, Kearney's field, the Inis, the Warren, Páircín a'Maish, Gurteen Buide, Spoddernach, Cooneen, Pairk an athen, Pairk Betty, Mountain na neill, the Fuarhán, Chonachán na Gharraighe, the Rape field, the Line Ray, Gleann na Móna, the Rock meadow, the Roggy, Gleann na dtor, Gleanntín an Aifreann, the Rayneal. Pairc na gcaorach. Gotán a batas, Pairc na stailce Paircín, Cummer, the Laca, the Gate field, the Kiln Field, the Hop-yard
the Nob, The Ray-mhór, the Stoney Meadow, The Lios Field, Páirc Amháin Cottage Field, The Buachallán, Páirc Ui Ceallaig, The Clover Field, the Bridge Meadow, the Brown Bog, the Three Corner Field, the Ploughing-match Field, the Paddock, the Cúinicán, Páirc na glloc, the Glebe, Páirc an Coillig, the Cluain,

quarrell about the field, one farmer said it was his, and the other farmer said that he owned it so they went to law. The Cuinescáin field bears the name because a woman by the name of Mrs. O'Keeffe went into the field one night but could not get out because it was said to be haunted.
Gleann na Dtor is a glen. In Lismire there is a corner and it is called Darby's Corner. The word Inch is broken Irish for Inis which means the field near the river. There is a tree in the Warren field near Newmarket and the name of it is the Lovers' tree. Páirc na Stailce is a field owned by Mr. John B. Connors of Meelin. The Paircín is a small field. The Ray-Mhór is a big, boggy, rushy field. The Ploughing-match field is so called because there was a ploughing-match there last year.

the Camp Field, the Colm, An Cnoc Fada, the Muineór, na h abhann, the Súil, the Race Cource, the Grant's field, the Disputed Field, the Fort field, the Lime Field, Fenton's Field, Cluain bhuide, Gorman's Field, the Lawn, the Lady's Field, the Black Meadow, the Quarry Field, the Furzy Field, the Caol Field, Bennet's Field, the mill-land,
Why so called :-
The buaile is a field for keeping cattle. The Warren is so called because a great many rabbits live there. Páircín means a small field. The Black-meadow is so called because the soil is black. The Camp Field is so called because soldiers camped there. Gleanncáin an Aifreann is a glen in the land belonging to Mr. O'Keeffe of Scarteen, and it is said that mass was said there in the Penal Days.
The Disputed Field is so called because two neighbours who lived near each other had a

16-9-1938 The following are the names of the fields on our farm.- the Buaile, Kearney's field, the Inis, the Warren, Páircín a'Maish, Gurteen Buide, Spoddernach, Cooneen, Pairk an athen, Pairk Betty, Mountain na neill, the Fuarhán, Chonachán na Gharraighe, the Rape field, the Line Ray, Gleann na Móna, the Rock meadow, the Roggy, Gleann na [?], Gleanntín an Aifreann, the Rayneal. Pairc na gcaorach. Gotán a batas, Pairc na stailce Paircín, Cummer, the Laca, the Gate field, the Kiln Field, the Hop-yard
the Nob, The Ray-mhór, the Stoney Meadow, The Lios Field, Páirc Amháin Cottage Field, The Buachallán, Páirc Ui Ceallaig, The Clover Field, the Bridge Meadow, the Brown Bog, the Three Corner Field, the Ploughing-match Field, the Paddock, the Cúinicán, Páirc na glloc, the Glebe, Páirc an Coillig, the Cluain,

The bride was expected to take to her new home the following articles
(1) A feather tick
(2) 3 or 4 sheets
(3) 2 or 3 pillow-slips
(4) A blanket
and (5) most important of all a red flannel quilt. These latter are still to be seen in some houses. They were mostly home-made articles and were of such strength and durability as to be practically unwearable. They were quite stiff - in striking contrast to the light, soft eider-downs which are now found in most houses in the district, except, of course in the houses of the poor.21/12/38

To make a rattler, you must have five rushes then you make a knot at the end of the rushes and you must keep twisting one rush round the rest of them all the time. According as you are twisting the rattler will be getting wider all the time and when the rushes are getting short the rattler is getting finished.
When I want to make a catterpult, I first get a fork. I then tie the tounge of a boot and I tie it between the two pieces of rubber. I would put a stone in the tongue and pull the fork and the stone goes off.

Meen-beag. This accident happened in the sand-pit in the year 1927 A man named Dan Callahan was killed there one late evening. A very heavy stone fell on him and killed him
There was a great plague of influenza in the year 1929. There were people dying every second day.
There was another great plague in the years 1847 and 1848. It was a disease of fever. A great many people died in those years.
There was a great snow storm in the year 1930. The people could not go to mass on that day because the roads were blocked with drifts of snow.
A large number of men had to take the snow off the road.

with trees.
There was a great fire in Church Street in the year 1933. One Sunday morning a great fire broke out in Moylan's Garage about five o'clock. There was smoke coming out through the slates. Mr. Moylan came to all the doors in Church Street, and told all the people to get up, because the petrol tanks might go on fire and burn all the houses. Then the garage was in flames, then all the people helped to save the back part of the Garage, by drawing water from the Mill-stream and throwing water on the flames. The slates were flying in the air, and one piece of a slate stuck in the sill of the Barrack window. The whole place was on fire for about two hours. When the fire was put out the tops of the walls were falling in. There was a good deal of furniture and other things burned. The guards put planks around the garage to keep the people from going too near it, because some of the walls might fall down and kill them
There was one accident in

4-10-'38 There was a great storm in the year 1839 on little Christmas night.
Three people were born on that night and it was believed by the people that they would not leave without doing some miracle.
There was a great flood in the year 1926. There were three children of Michael Fitzgerald of Lower Road drowned.
There was a field of hay near Allen's Bridge and the wines of hay were blown into the river, and they blocked the eye of the bridge. The water rushed out and flowed into the house and drowned the three children.
In 1928 there was a great storm. It knocked down nearly all the trees in the country. There was a bus going from Newmarket to Cork and it was blocked in the road by trees and had to go around by Liscarrol. Many people could not come home for Christmas because all the roads were blocked

it is a sign of rain. A rain-bow in the morning is a shepherds warning, a rain-bow by night is a shepherd delight. When the frog changes its yellow coat to black it is a sign of bad weather. If crows fly low it is a sign of bad weather. If the anvil in the forge is wet it is a sign of settled weather. If the sky in the east is red there will be fine weather. If there is foam in the river it is a sign of wet weather.
When the pigs are grunting they say tat it is a sign of a storm.
If the flying ants are running on the roads it is a sign of rain. When the stars are bright it is sign of good weather, and when they are dull it is a sign of bad weather.

be heard clearly it is a sign of good weather, but when it is hard to hear the river it is a sign of bad weather
A good omen of good weather is when the smoke goes straight up, but when it comes down round the yard it is a bad omen.
A good sign of weather is when salt is very wet it is a it is a a sign of bad weater, but when it is very dry, it is a sign of good weather. Also if the flags in the kitchen are wet it is a sign of wet weather but when they are very dry it is an omen of good weather. When a torey top opens out it's cones it is a sign of good weather, but when it closes up it's cones it is a bad omen of the weather. If the morning is wet and the cock crows it is a sign it will clear. If the moon is lying on its back it is the sign of bad weather, and when it is standing up straight it is a sign of good weather.
When the sooth falls from the chimney and salt meat gets wet and drops

27.9.1938 People say that when the sun sets extra red the next day will be fine. When a ring is round the moon it is a sign of rain. When the clouds begin to brake it is an omen of good weather, but when they begin to gather it is a sign of wet weather. When the wind blows to the south it brings rain, but when the north wind comes it brings steady settled weather, and when it blows to the east it brings cold, frosty, weather. When the swallows fly low it is a sign of bad weather, but when they fly high it is a good omen. When outside animals begin to come indoors it is a sign of thunder.
When the mountains are foggy, and look far away it is a sign of rain, but when the mountains are not foggy, and a look clear, it is a sign of good weather. When a river can

There was a man in Kanturk by the name of Tim Kenny. In his days he was the best jumper. He jumped over four horses. Two men stood up on the second horse holding a rope in their hands. He jumped over it without stumbling.
Patsy Sullivan was a great runner in his time he could race the train down. Banteer. John Coughlan of Rosline was a great walker. He walked from Duarigle croso to Kanturk and back again in quarter of an hour.
There was a man fishing for salmon and the guards hunted him, but he got away from them and they knew him. The man never went home that night but he ran to Brosna a distance of seventeen miles in less than an hour. The man was known

There was a man living in the Island named Pat OMahony. In his young days he was a great jumper, a great swimmer and a great lifter. He jumped a foot over his own height He swam ever day in the year.
There was a man living in Scarteen Rd. He used to walk to Cork every Saturday with butter and farm produce. There was a great footballer in Glen-lara named John OKeeffe. In his young days he used to play with Co Cork.
Tim O Sullivan of Kerry Rd mowed an acre of land in a day
Pat Mahony also drank a gallon of milk in a day. Peter and Dan Donoghue of Barnacurra were also great dancers. Tim Cottor was also a great dancer.

There was a great lifter in Ballyduane he lifted a stone three cwt weight.
Michael Walsh from Glenlara was a great step-dancer. There was a great runner who lived at the Rock called the Mountain-Hare.
My Grandfather was a good mower. He mowed and Irish acre of hay in the day for the six days of the week. Dan Sweeney was a great walker, He walked six miles in a half an hour James Fitzgerald from Taur was a great step-dancer. Denis Lane from Taur was a good jumper. Peter McCarthy was a great stone thrower.

There was a hedge school in Goosberry hill. It was taught by Mr Cremin. He was a local man
He lodged every night in the neighbouring houses. He was paid by the pupils. The taught riting, reading, and arithmetic. They spoke and taugt Irish. Irish was encouraged there. The primer was a book they used there. When they were writing they used quills as writing pens. They made ink out of soot. They used a slate for doing their sums. The had no black-board at that time
The teacher remained there until national schools came.

40 What is it that the whole may be taken and yet some will remain.
Ans.
Wholesome.41 What is it that you can keep after giving it to someone else.
Ans.
Your word42 What is the best trade for a small man.
Ans.
"Grow Sir" Grocer43 As I went over a London bridge
I met a London scholar
And he drew of his gloves
And drew off his hat
And what was the name of
the scholar.
Ans.
Andrew.

Ans.
A peacock couldn't lay an egg.35. What is always behind time
Ans.
The back of a clock36. What side of the cup is the handle on
Ans.
The outside37. What belongs to yourself and is used by your friends more than by yourself
Ans
Your name38. A man had gas, a fire and his pipe to light and he had only one match. Which would he light first.
Ans.
The match39 Why is life like this riddle.
Ans
Because you must give it up.

flesh
Ans :- A Tailor's thimble29. 'Tis black 'tis white 'tis {red read} all over
Ans :- A Newspaper30. There is a little house and a mouse couldn't live in it and all the men in town couldn't
how many windows in it
Ans:- A Thimble31 What has its hands always up before its face
Ans :- A clock32 Why does a guard wear brass buttons
Ans To keep his coat closed33 How can book-keeping be taught in a lesson of three words
Ans Never lend them34 A peacock laid an egg up on a wall and it fell into another woman's yard
Which did the egg belong to, the woman who owned the peacock or the
woman who owned the garden?

23. Headed like a thimble, Jailed liked a rat
You may guess forever, But you couldn't guess that.
Ans :- A Pipe24. Would you contribe in stables five,
To place my horses twenty,
Put an odd number in every stable
And leave no stable empty.
Ans:- Put three in each of four stables and seven in the fifth, while riding one in
and out to the five.25. Long legs, crucket thighs, small head and no eyes.
Ans. :- A Tongs26. What goes up when the rain comes down
An umbrella27 What word has five letters and if you take away the first two there will be one left.
Ans A Stone28 A man from Manchester sent home to his sister a bottomless vessel to fill it with

16 What draws without pulling?
Ans - Tea17 What smells most when you go into a chemist's shop?
Ans - The nose18 Patch upon patch without any stitches
Riddle me that and I'll buy you a britches?
Ans - A head of a cabbage19 What bell never rings?
Ans - The Bluebell.20 When it's in it's easy,
When it's out it's like a trout slippery
wet and greasy?
Ans - The tongue.21 What is the smallest bridge in the world?
Ans - The bridge of your nose.22 What banks have no money?
Ans - The banks of a river

7. What has a hundred legs? Yet cannot walk
Ans Fifty pairs of trousers8. When is a ploughman like the clouds?
Ans - When he holds the rains (reins)9 Why do we go to bed?
Ans - Because the bed wont come to us10 What is nothing?
Ans - A balloon without a jacket11 What turns without moving?
Ans - New milk12 What coat has no buttons?
Ans - A coat of paint13 What gets wet with drying?
Ans - A towel14 When is a King like a piece of wood?
Ans - When he is a ruler15 The longer she stands the shorter she grows.
Ans - A candle burning

7. What has a hundred legs? Yet cannot walk
Ans Fifty pairs of trousers8. When is a ploughman like the clouds?
Ans - When he holds the rains (reins)9 Why do we go to bed?
Ans - Because the bed wont come to us10 What is nothing?
Ans - A balloon without a jacket11 What turns without moving?
Ans - New milk12 What coat has no buttons?
Ans - A coat of paint13 What gets wet with drying?
Ans - A towel14 When is a King like a piece of wood?
Ans - When he is a ruler15 The longer she stands the shorter she grows.
Ans - A candle burning

1. Riddle me riddle me randy O.
My father gave me some seed to sow
The ground was white, the seeds were black
Riddle me riddle me randy O
Ans - Pen, ink, and paper2. Hoddy, Doddy with a black body
And a flat head
Ans - A pot3. Under water over water but never touches water.
Ans - A woman going over a bridge with a pale of water on her head4. What is the best thing to put in a cake?
Ans - your teeth.5. Why does a hen cross the road?
Ans- To get to the other side6. Why does a cow look over a fence
Ans - She can't look under it

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs, and Food.
Water hen Bank of river or Nest made of grass and rotten sticks thrown up by
a stone projecting flood. Thirteen eggs white, thickly freckled
from a bridge or
among water-plantsRobin Hollow in a Leaves, moss, grass, lined with hair. Three or four eggs
fence or in a creamy colour dotted with brown spots. Small fish,
flower pot, old hat, worms, insects and flies.
or old kettle.Wren In a mossy bank. A round ball with a small hole in the side. She lays
in a fork of a tree or 18 or 20 eggs coloured brown. They eat small flies.
in the thatch The wren is supposed to be the King of all birds.
of a house.

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs and Food
Green Linnet In the fork of a Nest made of moss; lined with feathers. Eats seeds,
Grey Linnet thick bush. insects and crumbs. Eggs blue, four or five in number.Goldfinch In a thick bush Nest made of moss; lined with feathers. Eats seeds
Bullfinch. or a white-thorn and insects. The Goldfinch is coloured red and yellow.
Chaffinch tree. The Bullfinch has a black head and a red breast.Yellowhammer In briars. Nest made of grass, hay and moss. Eggs brown
and dotted.Ladywagtail Sally tree, or Nest of mud and hair. Eggs five in number.
Brow, old wall. Coloured pale green with brown spots.
Black and
WhiteSky-lark On the ground, Eggs: dark brown and spotted five in number. Eats
usually in a cow's insects
track or in a Nest of grass lined with hair
tuft of grass

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs and Food
Thrush (song) On the forks of Dry hay and moss lined with feathers. Seeds
low bushes. berries, worms, snails. Blue eggsThrush (bull) On the forks of Similar to that of the song thrush
a tall tree.Blackbird Same as thrush. Same as thrushes. Mud lined with hair. Four
blue eggs with dark blown spots. Food Same
as thrush excepting snail. Very fond of ripe
fruit such as currants, cherries. therefore
hated by gardinersSnipe On the ground Nest made of grass. Rushes interwoven overhead
in a dry clump to form a canopy. Five brown eggs. Lives on very
of grass or small water worms or insects.
rushes in a
marshy place

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs and Food
Thrush (song) On the forks of Dry hay and moss lined with feathers. Seeds
low bushes. berries, worms, snails. Blue eggsThrush (bull) On the forks of Similar to that of the song thrush
a tall tree.Blackbird Same as thrush. Same as thrushes. Mud lined with hair. Four
blue eggs with dark blown spots. Food Same
as thrush excepting snail. Very fond of ripe
fruit such as currants, cherries. therefore
hated by gardinersSnipe On the ground Nest made of grass. Rushes interwoven overhead
in a dry clump to form a canopy. Five brown eggs. Lives on very
of grass or small water worms or insects.
rushes in a
marshy place

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs and Food
Skald-crow. Top of a fir tree Sticks lined with hay and fur. Large white eggs
with black and brown spots.
Food: Carrion, chickens, and ducklings.Jackdaw In rough narrow Twiggs lined with fur leaves or hair. Lives near
flues; holes in walls towns
or trees. Eggs pale-brown with blue spots. Food: beetles,
grubs, worms, insects, and seeds.Magpie. Tall thick white- Twigs and mud, with a canopy of twigs overhead,
thorn bush or lined with hair or dead leaves. Five blue eggs with
a tall fir tree brown spots. Food similar to Jackdaw's warbles,
chickens young birds, eggs in Spring-time, and carrion.Pigeon In tall tree or in Beautiful built of moss lines with hair wool and feathers.
ivy covered white- Five greenish eggs. Food crumbs, seeds and insects.
thorns.

There is gold hidden in a field in the land of Mr. O'Keeffe of the Island. It is hidden under an-oak tree in a meadow called "The Camp Field"
Many years ago some men tried to dig it. They had made a large hole and were sure of getting something when they were chased by a fierce red and white bull. They ran in such haste that they left their coats and implements behind them. Next morning they came to take their coats and "weapons" away. The hole was as they left it and can be seen to the present day. Ever since any person did not interfere with it Many years ago a man lived by the side of the old road leading to Kanturk. This man dreamt of gold being burried near Ballydrihane Bridge
He dreamt of it three nights in

Up! Up! Newmarket cried the exiles
Up! Up! Newmarket cry we all
Wheather we shall here remain
Or return home again
May Newmarket ever rise and never fall 3.
When the Beagle's Bugle Horn
Wake the hills on Sunday morning
Then Brennan and Pat Williams make the pace.
When the dogs would yelp and bound
Brings the quarry to the ground
How we rally in the capture of the chase Chorus And they boast of Bostons' hills,
Garryowen and Vinegar hill
Newmarket too have honours like the rest
It's love Curran first drew his breath
After Emmets tragic death
And they left his sweetheart,
Sarah here to rest Chorus

We're assembled in New York
Exiles all from rebel Cork
and we're proud of the flag that o'er us waves
For to night out memories turn
To the spot where we were born
To that dear old land that never nurtured slaves
Chorus
Up! Up! Newmarket cried the exiles
Up! Up! Newmarket cry we all
Whether we shall here remain
Or return home again
May Newmarket ever rise and never fall. 2. W In the charming Island Wood
When with joy we often stood
Gazing at the scene of beauty all around
And rambling up Scarteen
Barley Hill and Meens between
Oh! what pleasure and contentment there we found Chorus

sorrow comes he'll share it
So we're going to be married in the mornin.
III
Now of lads there's half a dozen, monied yanks and my third cousin
To break whose hearts to me indeed is scaldin,
But I can't take all together; so in my new hat and feather
To my own Jack, I'll be married in the mornin
IV
There are still, if you but mark it, plenty colleens in Newmarket,
Who all would wish to give us a house-warnin,
So lads! here's my suggestion - you just go and pop the question
There'll be plenty to be married in the mornin
V
And to catch those bouchals - girls! don't depend too much on curls,
Or motor coats your figures fair adornin,
Put your eye on some nice fellow, and don't leave him till he'll tell you
That he's willin to be married some fine mornin
Chorus
Composed by Fr. Norris.

(air - Off to Philadelphia)My name is Jessie Norcott I'm the belle of dear Newmarket,
And now to my old sweethearts I give warning
Let them send me no more presents neither chocolate or pheasants,
For I'm going to be married in the mornin. Chorus
Yes! for me the fun is over, keeping all the boys in clover,
I now must leave the spot that I was born in.
There's an end to all my "roving" for to Jack so true and loving
I'm going to be married in the mornin.
II
Oh! 'tis hard to part with neighbours, and to go and live with strangers,
Even tho' their barns have plenty spuds and corn in
But Jack says I must dare it and if

People say that a robin took a thorn out of Our Lord's head when he was being crucified; some of the blood from Our Lords head stained the robin's breast and ever since the robins' breasts are red. It is said, that for every wren that is killed on St. Stephen's day, one of the devil's ribs are broken.
This is a short country rhyme about the magpie :-
One for bad luck.
Two for good luck.
Three for a wedding.
Four for a wake.
Five for a funeral.
Six for silver.
Seven for gold.
It is said that all the small birds chase the cuckoo because he was the cause of betraying Jesus.
It is believed that if crows leave a rookery, the owner of the land in which the rookery is situated would be ruined

build their nests in old sheds or in holes in the banks of rivers.
The swallow never alights on the ground when seeking food, but flies through the air and catches flies in his large mouth. He starts very early in the morning and keeps flying around all day looking for flies. The swallow flies low in wet or cold weather but he flies very high in dry weather.

She lays about a dozen brown eggs, and when the young ones are hatched they can run around the field like hares but a great amount of them are killed by the mowing machine. Some people believe that the corn crake is one of the Seven Sleepers, and that it sleeps in a hale, but no - one has ever seen one sleeping.
The swallow is another one of our Summer visitors. He is a black bird with a white breast. He is built for speed and is about five inches long, and about one foot wide when her wings are spread. His legs are very weak but his wings are strong. His tail is forked and he uses it as a brake, when flying. He appears in this country about the month of April. There are several kinds of swallows. The house swallow builds her nest under the eaves of houses, in the corners of windows, or underneath the rafters. The nest is made of mud, and lined with hairs. She lays about four or five white eggs with brown spots. Other swallows

In the middle of June,
She changes her tune,
In July she flies away. The cuckoo is a bird which neither makes a nest, hatches her egg or rears the young bird. She lays her egg on the ground takes it up in her beak and deposits it in the nest of a riafóg or sparrow. When the young cuckoo grows up he shoulders the other young birds out of the nest and they afterwards die of exposure and starvation. The parents keep on feeding the young cuckoo until it is quite big. It flies away to Africa in August.
The corncrake is brown a bird about the same size and shape as a two-months old chicken, and its legs are rather long. Although it is very well able to fly, it depends more in its legs that its wings, when trying to escape from any danger. It will not fly except when very hard pressed. It reaches this country before the cuckoo and its harsh croaking can be heard in the meadows.
She builds her nest of dry grass in a hollow in the ground.

The word "migrant" means wandering and migrant birds are those which stay with us only a part of the year. The first class are those that come from cold countries to spend the winter with us. They return to their own countries to breed, in Spring.
The second class are those which come from warm countries to spend the summer with us. They return home in Autumn.
The principal birds which visit this country in summer are :- the Cuckoo, the Corncrake and the Swallow.
The cuckoo is a bird which resembles the hawk very much in appearance and in size. She comes to this country in April and she goes away in July. There is a small poem which says
The cuckoo comes in April,
She sings her songs in May,

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs and Food
Crane or Heron Tops of tall trees Platform of twigs with a slight hollow. White eggs
nearly as large as a hen egg with brown spots.
Food:- fish and frogs.
Pheasant Side of a grassy Moss and dry grass. Eggs-: brown with black spots
fence with good about 12 in number. Food :- seeds, insects, ants,
cover and worms.
Owl In a hole in a Brittle sticks and dry moss. White eggs shaped like
hollow tree. ball. Food:- rats, mice.
Hawk Top of a fir tree Twigs, mud, lined with dry grass. Eggs:- White with
brown spots. Food -: Small birds and young animals.
Rook Tops of unclimbable Sticks, papers, rags and grass.
trees. Food :- Seed, worms, potatoes, and grubs.
Pale blue eggs.

Name Nesting Place Description of Nest, Eggs and Food
Crane or Heron Tops of tall trees Platform of twigs with a slight hollow. White eggs
nearly as large as a hen egg with brown spots.
Food:- fish and frogs.
Pheasant Side of a grassy Moss and dry grass. Eggs-: brown with black spots
fence with good about 12 in number. Food :- seeds, insects, ants,
cover and worms.

nettles are used as food in the Spring-time and they are supposed to be very good for a person's health.
Dandelion tea is good for any one suffering from stomach trouble. The root is boiled and the water in which it is boiled is strained and drunk
Water-Cress is a cure for the blood.
The juice of a dockleaf is rubbed to the sting of a nettle, to cure the sting.
Marsh Mallows are used to make a curative. Starch is made from potatoes.
Raw cabbage is good for heart trouble
A decoction of the flowers, stem, and root of yarrow is recommended for Rheumatism and for the stomach.
A raw potatoe carried in the pocket is another cure for Rheumatism.
Wine is made from the cowslip, and from the elder berries, and is good for the blood.
The leaves of the sage when boiled in water are used as a remedy for preventing grey hair.
It is said, that the leaves of the same

22.3.1938 The weeds which are most harmful to our land are as follows:- thistles, caisearbáin ferns, rushes, dockleaves, buacallán-buide crow-foot, chicken-weeds, and preasach, rushes crowfoot, dandelions, bainne-na-n-ean, and the butter cup. I think the worst of all these are thistles. These are harmful because they prevent better plants from growing and because they spread very rapidly. The weeds that grow where the land is poor are: daisies, ferns and aitinn gaedhlach. Rushes and elestrums grow in marshy land. Some weeds have medicinal properties, lios na-mánza boiled in milk is good for drawing boils. Penny leaf boiled in oat-meal is a good drench for a cow that has calved.
The flower of Camomile boiled in water with a little sugar is a good cure for a cold.
A burn can be cured by rubbing it well with a heated dock-leaf.
Wine made from dandelions is said to be good for giving strength to a person.

1.3.1938Marriage Customs II An aged man of this district says that in his youth it was not considered right for the newly married couple to attend mass the first Sunday after their marriage.
Their is a marriage Custom in this district known as "strawing"
Six or seven young men disguise themselves in straw and enter the wedding house during the festivities. They take possesion of the floor and dance with some of the prettiest girls. When the dance is over they receive refreshments and they drink to the health, prosperity and happiness of the newly married couple.
In olden days about a hundred years ago weddings were composed not of motors cars as they are now

a bride to the groom depends on the value of his living.
Goods and stock are never given
No marriages took place in the houses in this district as far as old people can remember. On the morning of the wedding the groom and his friends drive in cars to the brides house and have their breakfast which is generally more elaborate than usual. Both parties then join and drive to the church where the marriage is celebrated
After the marriage the two parties drive joyiously to the groom's house, where they spends the rest of that day and the whole of the following night feasting and making merry.
Nowadays some newly married couples go to the city for a few days. This is called their Honey-moon. This custom is however not universal.

At the present time marriages take place all the year round, but about twenty years ago very few people got married outside Shrove. In olden times people in marriage processions could be seen driving furiously towards the churches on Shrove Tuesday from all directions to get married before Ash Wednesday.
Although marriages were permitted to be celebrated every day during Shrove yet the people believed that certain days were unlucky. Mondays and Fridays, were considered the most unlucky days of all to get married.
Matches are still made in this part of the country by the farmers. Money is given as a fortune and the amount of money given by

at our house. Whenever they come to our houses they accept alms:- a saucer of flour, a couple of eggs, bread, potatoes, sugar, or a bottle of milk.
The peddlers travel around on foot, but the tinkers and gipsies travel in traps or in caravans. The pedlars travel singly, but the gipsies and tinkers travel in families or in bands.
The names of the best known tinkers are:- The Sherridans, O'Briens, Mac Carthys, Coffeys, and Qiulligans. The families that visit this district most frequently are the O'Briens, and the Mac Carthys, but all the tinkers from Cork, Kerry and Limerick come to the horse fair, which is held twice a year.
The travelling people nowadays do not tell stories or bring news from distant places, or the people do not gather into the house to hear them. In olden days however the people would gather into any house where they thought there was a travelling person, and listen to

Travelling folk still call to our house and to the neighbouring houses. The same people have been calling for many years, and they seem to be very poor.
Some of these people sell small articles such as needles, studs, tie-pins, and shoe-laces. The householders hardly ever buy anything from them, but they mostly always give them a penny or two for charity.
These people are generally welcome in the houses because they are like old friends of the family. They were more welcome in older times because the news-papers were not as plentiful as they are now, and the travelling people could bring all the news to the other people Sometimes they remain for a time in the houses, but they never stayed

"Gobs" may be played either by
boys or by girls, but it is usually
played by girls. "Gobs are played
in this manner:-
Get five stones, each about a
half inch in diamater. You will
get these stones near the bed
of a river.
The players sit round a bare
patch of field, from which the
grass has been cut.
Throw the "Gobs" on the
ground, and let them lie where
they roll. Throw up one "Gob;"
snatch up another, and catch
the one in the air. Place two
"gobs" on the ground, then throw
up one, grab the two on the ground,
and catch the one in the air.
If the player fails to pick up
the number on the ground, or
fails to catch the one in the

Another game which was played
very often in days gone-by, but
is very seldom played now, is
"Ball in the cap." This is how it
was played.
The caps of all the
players are placed side by side
against a wall in such a
way that a ball can roll into
any of them.
A line is drawn about four
yards from the caps. Each player
in turn rolls the ball
at the caps, and tries to put
it into one of them. If
he succeeds, the owner of the cap
must throw the ball at one
of the players; if he fails to
put the ball into the cap, a
pebble is put into his cap.
If he succeeds in striking a
boy, the boy who is struck,
must catch the ball and try

picks up the bag will get the warts.
Another cure is to stick a pin in a white
thorn bush; according as the pin rusts
the warts will disappear.
The Holy Well to the west
of Newmarket is locally noted for curing
sore eyes. It is also a cure for sore
eyes to look through a gold wedding
ring. A plaster of soap and sugar is
said to cure a boil. Roasted ivy-
leaves applied to a boil will burst it.
If the hot manure of a cow
is put to a whitlow it will cure
it Warts may be also cured by
rubbing the water you will get in a
hollow stone to them. There is a
holy well in Dromagh and it is
noted for curing cripples and if
they are cured they leave their crutches
hanging up to show they were cured.

In former years doctors were very
few. The people were not able to pay them,
so they had cures of their own.
If a person licked the underside
of a lizard it would cure a burn. It is said
that a child would be cured of the whooping
cough if it were passed under a mare
donkey three times. Another cure for the
whooping cough is to stand at your own
door and ask the first who passes riding
on a white horse what is the cure for the
whooping cough; His directions should be
carefully followed. Ferret's leavings
The milk left after a ferret has
drunk some will cure a child of
the thrush. The Brennan family are
said to be able to cure the thrush
by breathing into the child's mouth
three mornings in succession.
A cure for warts is to get a
little bag; put as many stones in it
as you have warts, and drop the bag
at the cross-roads. The person who

The father went
to tell the neighbours what was the
news, they gathered together Hallow-Eve
at the fathers house and when the came
they all lost courage and the little
man lived with the little people for
the rest of his life.

The people of
the house took the changeling
into the house thinking it was he
himself, that was in it and they nursed
the changeling till it died and
nothing at all was left with them.
A little while
after he sent word home that he
was with the little people and on
Hallow eve that was coming, he would
be passing by his home in a group
of horsemen telling whate place in the
group he would be and the colour of
the horse he would be on, greyish colour,
and that he would like them to try
to take him from the little people.
but if they attempted to take him
to be sure to keep their grasp on him
for if they tried to release him without
getting him the little people would kill
him.

There was once
a man who had a young stripling of a
son. The son was a great man for song
and dance and when he came to the
marriage age, he went, one night to seek a
wife and the woman accepted him. The match
was made and each side was satisfied
and a messenger was sent to fetch a fiddle
that the youth had at home.
The messenger was
a long time coming with the fiddle.
He went out to the street and he seated
himself on a big rough stone that
was in the street. The little people came
and took him off the stone and
left in his place a changleing that
was dying.

his own brother who was dead with
years, bearing a lantern. They light went
away slowly, until it came within sight
of the mans house and then it
disappeared leaving the man go the rest
of the way himself.

Long ago a man was
moving at a house about a mile from
where he lived. One night he was coming
home through fields alone and there was no
moon. He soon found he had gone astray
and was walking through a bog.
He tried to make his way out
of it but he could not it was too dark.
He was just sitting down to stay untill
morning. When a light suddenly appeared
and lit the place around him. Then the
went slowly before him, he walked after it.
The light led him out of the
bog to the fields he had left, and
through the fields to the road to
which he had intended to go at first.
When the light reached the road, the man
saw it was his own brother who was

ed. It is since said that any-
one should not water a corn-
field, because the rain comes
when it is wanted.

Every evening at sunset at the bog
near Taur, a person from the other world
was seen, and when he was passing the
place, He started roaring, crying, and
screeching. So the people of the place,
One evening the people decided
to go to meet him, and ask him.
What his trouble was, So when they
went near him any one of them had
not courage to ask him what was wrong
with him, but when they were turning
away to go home, they heard him say
some few drish words in English which
ment " God help us"

[]

years time that the two of them should
meet here again. Every night a woman
used to appear to the two boys and
console them and they did not know
who she was and after three years
she told the two boys to go home and
to go quickly. After three years the two
boys met at the cross and they said
to each other to know how did they
meet so soon and as they were talking
they saw a woman coming down
the road and it was their old nurse
and she threw her arms around their
neck and told them to go home quick
When the two boys
were coming up near the house they
saw their step mother and her son
inside the orcherd and they were
talking it was how they were plannin
that when the farmer would come for
his walk along the path to throw him

door. Things went from bad to worse
and there was a son born to her and
his name Stephen then she got mad
jealous of her two step-sons she had
it her mind that her son would be
done out of every thing later on in the
farm if she could not put the run first
of all on her two step-sons. She hunted
Biddy out of the house and told her
not to return and Phil was afraid to
say anything. She went away saying
bitterly for months after the twins
were crying after her every night and
day to come back.
The years rolled on
and the lives of poor Phil and his
sons were like hell on earth to them.
Then the sons decided that they
would go away and when they came
to a crossroad they parted and when
they were parting they said that in four

them till they are grown to manhood
and able to look after themselves. So
Biddy promised her she would and before
the dawn of morning. Biddy kept her
promise the two little boys grew up to
be fine boys. When they were four
years old the neibours persuaded
Phil to get married again. She was
hard-hearted, jealous and begrudging
demon of a woman.
From the first day
she put her feet inside the door she
ruled the house with a rod of iron
The two little boys hated the sight of her
The happiness of the house was turned
very unhappy. Every evening when Phil
would have his work done he would go
away out of his house into a lonesome
orchered along a path lamenting his
dead wife and cursing the day he
ever put that other woman inside his

middle of the night the old King appeared
to him and jack asked him what was
troubling him, The King said that he hid
three sacks of gold before he died
and to have he take one and
give the other two to his son. The
jack went home and lived happy ever
after with his mother, Mick met bad
luck because he did not take his mother's
blessing.

Mick went
there and he got work. When he was
going to bed he was put into a
lovely room. When he was inside in
bed he heard a voice in the chimney
saying I'm falling, I'm falling but mick
said fall away and after a while he
heard all the rattling in the kitchen
and he died with fright.
Jack came to the
same well after some years and the
small black man appeared to him the
same and told him go to the Kings
palace and he told him that his brother
died there with fright, but to he have
courage,
When jack went there he got
work and when it was bedtime he was
put into the same room as Mick and
the same noise came in the chimney but
jack told him to fall away. In the

to a crossroad Jack went one road
and Mick went the other road. On
his way Mick sat down by a well
to rest and he took out his bread and
began to eat it. When he was eating
his bread a robin was hopping
around for a crumb but a crumb
fell and Mick picked it up again
and ate it and he would not give
any crumb to the robin.
While Mick was
eating the bread a small black man
appeared to him and the water in
the well became blood and the black
man said to him are you looking
for a job and Mick said he was.
Then the black man told him that
there was a King's palace not far off
and there was a King's son living in
it but his father was dead and to go
there and he would get work.

she was finished and the following
morning she was dead. People always
believe in turning their coats inside
out when they met any enchanted
persons or things and nothing would
happen them then.
There was a
man once while coming home from
being playing cards at night and
as he was going out a gap he
met a hare and he said to him
"Deal out the cards" and the man said
he had no cards but the hare said
try your pockets and the man did and
he dealt the cards and the hare
won and the man dropped dead.

bade him fly over the fugitives and remove
the thing that was keeping the waters shut
the little pixe tried to do as he was told
but the cross was safe in the mans pocket
and the fairy could not pass it. So the
father and son got up the stairs safely
and home again

last found himself in a large hall where fairy
folks of all kinids were feasting at long
tables carring dishes backward and forward
was his own son. It was not long before
the King of the fairies saw the intruder
and in a loud voice asked what he
wanted.
I am after my son, and
there he is cried the smith. Then you
cannot have him replied the King and at
a sigh from him all the fairies ranged
themselve around the lad. But the smith
released the cock and he fluttered around
flapped its wings and crowed loudly. At once
the fairies fled and tried to hide themselves
in any hole and corner. There were about
half way out when the little people recovered
from their fright and the King cried out. Waters
close of course nothing happened for the
knife was stuck fast on the first step
Turning to one of the servants the King

great hall where the fairies will be
feasting. Your son will be serving at the
table and the little people will try to
stop you of getting to him. But insist
that you will not return without him
The smith went off
and bided his time until the moon was
full. Then he set out for the shores of
Lough Corrib with the cross in his pocket
the knife in his girdle and the cock
under his arm. As he approached the waters
he noticed that a curious light seemed
to hang over it. Then he saw that a sort
of hole was in the lake and a flight of
steps led down. From below came the
sounds of unearthly music and the poor
man felt very frightened. But the thought
of his son him to mostly his fear.
Bravely he planted
his feet on the first and then dug his
knife into it. Down down he went and at

went off to the wizard again. The old
man was delighted when he heard of the
successful way the fairy had been sent
back to fairy land and he said now is
the more difficult part to get your son
back.
Then he said once a
Month when there is a full moon the
waters of Lough Corrib roll back and
have a flight of steps and they are instrance
into the home of the fairies. Take
with you a cross, a knife and a crowing
cock. The cross will defend you against
the little people and stick the knife into
the first step and it will prevent the
waters from closeing in, and the cock
will certainly be useful because there is
nothing that fairies dread more than the
sound of his voice
''' When you get to the
bottom of the stair case you will find a

may be able to get him out of their hands
and how can I do that? asked the smith
Go home was the reply and light a big
fire in the room of the mans and then
seize him and throw him into it and if
he is a fairy he will fly through the
roof of the house and if he is your own
son he will cry out for you to help him
Well the smith didn't like the job at all
but he carried out the instructions carefully
The great fire was
lighted and then the creature in the bed
asked what are you will burn the house
down. But the smith said you will soon
see and without wasting more words
he seized the man and threw him into
it. A wierd shriek sounded through the
house and a crash like thunder shook
the place and the fairy flew through the
house leaving an enormous hole. When the
father had recovered from the fright he

your child have been stolen by the fairies
and they have left this creature in his
place. Then said the blacksmith is there
anything I can do to get rid of this man
Then said the wizard go home and collect
as many empty egg shells as you can find
and go into your sons room. Have a pail
of water to fill the egg shells with.
The Blacksmith
carried out this instructions and after he
had done it "Ha! Ha! Ha!" cried out the sick
lad I am eight hundred years old and I
have never seen a more silly thing. Fancy
trying to carry water in egg shells. The
smith waited to hear no more but
off with him to the wizard. Then I was
right after all replied the old man
your son is with
the fairies under Lough Corrib. Under Lough
Corrib exclaimed the man in a horrified
voice. Then I shall never see him again. We

St Patrick's leaf is used for a running sore
Thistles grow on good land and dock leaves
grow on muddy poor land
Destroying Weeds :- A simple was of destroying
coarse weeds (e.g.) dandelion and thistle is to
dip a wooden skewer in weed - killer and pierce
in the centre of the weed. Care must be
taken not to let the solution fall on the
grass or this will be killed also. Sulphate
of ammonia used at not more than one
ounce per square yard of lawn will kill
clover. Daisies and plantains can be killed
by lawn sand, especially during dry
weather

Dandelion :- The Dandelion is a green plant,
people boil the leaves and it is called
dandelion tea and it is given to
people who have rheumatics, The red dandelion
leaves are boiled for medicine as Senna
leaves. Long ago people drank dandelion
tea. It was said that people who
drank dandelion tea were noted for
length of life. The dandelion has a
medical value because the leaves when
they are boiled to a jelly the juice is
used as a drink for a bad stomach
The dandelion which is locally called
"costerwan" makes good food for pigs
Chicken-weed :- The chicken-weed can
be ground up and given to chickens
as a preventive against chicken disease.
Chicken-weed is harmful because it
smothers all the plants
Dog leaf :- The dog leaf cures scalds.

animal who has the disease.
Nettles The nettle was very useful long ago to
people who had phnewmomia as it would nettle
the persons back for the heat, and it brought
out the water out with the blisters. If you drink
nettle-water in May you would never get
consumption. The nettle and thistle are used for
feeding purpose. It is also a cure for pains and
for loss of blood. Nettle water is a good drink for
children
The Milk Weed This plant consist of milky substance
and if rubbed to a wart regularly the wart disappears.
This cure is used still. This plant is poisinous
Ivy leaf Ivy leaf is used for cleaning navy
clothes and also as a cure for Biles
Spurge The spurge was used for dying purposes
and for poisoning fish

The most harmful weeds are:-
The chick weed,
Dog leave, spurge, rousack bhuidhe, causterlawn,
dandelion, crow-foot, Wild Iris, Horse-button. They
are harmful because they spread rapidly.
Dandelion The Dandelion is a cure for
liver disease.
Method in which it is used The water in which
it is boiled is drunk by the person who
has the disease. In olden times old women
used to gather dandelion in bunches and let
it in the kitchen for a couple of months
to season then they would draw it like
tea and drink it.
The Foxglove The Foxglove have a medical
property of curing decline
Method in which it is used It is
chopped up small and given to the

a form. They bring food in their
satchels such as tea, sugar, and other
small things. The pedlers travel on foot
but the tinkers and gipsies travel in
covered wagons and in cars. The best
known one of them is Charley Speed. The
best known families of them are the
Cuilligans, the Briens the Sheridans the
Coffeys and the Quills.
The Briens
visit our district oftenest. These people
travel to our district twice a year to
the horse fairs and races. These people
do not tell stories nor bring news from
distant parts nowadays but long ago they
brought all the news, and the local
people gathered to hear them.