Recent changes

In olden times the people of this district were poor, and unable to buy clothes and shoes and unable to keep light for themselves, and they had to manufacture those things themselves as best they could.
Candle Making
In former times the people after killing a cow made candles. First they melted the tallow in a saucepan, next they places a metal mould in the centre of a sod of turf. They drew a cotton wick in the centre of the mould, and poured the tallow into it. When the tallow cooled they took out the candle, and placed it on a table to harden.
Basket Making
They also made baskets. First they made a frame of four rods, and pointed them, and stuck them in the ground. Then they put on what is called a buine. They wove with small rods for about 6 inches high and then put another buine, and so on until the basket was about two feet high. They

There are various opinions often given, as to the change of the weather. It is very important to be able to foretell the kind of weather, when work has to be done on the farm, as bad weather often ruins farm crops.
In the Spring time the weather required is fine weather, so that the crops can be sown quickly. The farmers judge the weather by signs at sunset and sunrise. If the sun sets in a copper coloured sky, the following day will be raining. If the sun's rays in the morning, show a red sky, rain is sure to fall that day.
The moon can be judged also for signs of rain

There is another in Forde's land in buaile.There is a lios in Peter Flaherty's mountain and that is why it is called Lisheenaclara.Theres a fort, Gleannachara its is called Cluain Ratha. It is said that theres gold hidden there, under a bush that grows on the side if the rath.Theres a fort in Cnoc Ais and theres a story about it. It is said that a pot of gold was hidden there and a black cat minding it. Long ago the people used try to enter it with a lighted candle but they could only go a certain distance when the candle would quench. They got afraid so the fort had to be closed because the sheep around it were getting lost. The gold is still there who ever is lucky enough to find it.

The Nettle. This weed is called the neannróg in this district. It is a very destructive plant. There is a cure in the juice of the nettle for measles.
The feapbán. It is called the buttercup in this district. It is a

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Chicken-weed was also used as a poultice.
Broom was used for a swelling.
Nettle-roots for measles, the roots would be boiled, and milk put on it when it would be boiled and given to the sick person. Water cress was for the blood.
House-leek is a cure for worms in horses.
Gravel-root is a cure for kidney troubles.
Dandelion is eaten as a cure for bad blood.
Briar-root is a cure for a bad stomach.
Radoig is a cure for a cough.
Nettle-water is a cure for the measles.
Garlic is a cure for a cold.
Briar-leaf is a cure for scour in calves.
Marshmallow is used for curing sprains.
The golden-rod is a cure for sore eyes.
Stone-crop is also a cure for worms in horses.
Chickweed is a cure for swelling.
The Blessed Virgin's herb is used for a toothache. It is roasted and placed outside on the jaw.
Ivy leaves are used for dyeing clothes dark green.
Ivy leaves are used as cures for sores.
There is a herb grown that is good for the

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In the district of Colmanswell, during the late 19th and early 20th century lived a family of renowned athlets known as the Leahys of Cregane. Rarely indeed has a group of brothers, possessed the pith and spirit for Athletic iontention which each of these Leahys displayed. There was scarcely an athletic event in the comprehensive programme of their time in which they did not excel.P. Leahy one of the above named brother was such a famous high jumper that he reached and altitude of any short of seven feet. In 1898 he won almost every jumping event in Munster and many else where. Here is an exact account of some of his feats/
In Milstreet (1898) he jumped 6 ft 4 3/4 ins.
Limerick Market Fields 6 ft 5 1/2 ins.

The potatoes in our district are sown in drills. The drills are made with a plough. Long ago the people used wooden ploughs.
The wooden ploughs were made in the same way as the iron ploughs but they had an iron sock and the rest of it was wood.
The people in our district buy their spades in the shop. Before the people sow the potatoes they pick the good potatoes first then they cut them. They [?] the part that is cut the cuts. There is a very particular thing about cutting the potatoes that is there must be a [?] on every cut.
About three weeks after the potatoes are sown they are saddle-harrowed they are ploughed up. Then they are moulded, they are sprayed about a month after they are moulded. Some of the potatoes are dug with a spade and some of them are dug with a potatoe digger.

[?] table use years ago the Champen was the best potatoe here but not now. The [?] grows to be a big crop but not a good potatoe.

One night a man was coming from a gamble. He met a ghost in the road. The ghost said to the man why was he out so late and the man said he was in business. the ghost said to the man that the midnight was for the dead. The ghost said that he came to save him. The man got a terrible fright and he knew who was there. The ghost said that he had penance to do. Then he told the man to go a mile on his knees three mornings in succession. The third morning the bones were out through the mans knees. After a few days the man went to bed and the priest was brought to him. The priest said he was a saint and that he had the penance done for the man he met and that he had the penance done for himself also.

is drawn like this:-[image]Two that play it. They take three pieces of paper each, of different colours usually one would have brown and the other white. They places their papers on the dots. Whoever has her papers on a straight line wins.

children and they used to be minding the home for her. They were two lovely children and one fine harvest evening they went pulling black-berries around Tubber Padraic near Ryehill and they were never seen after that. There were people out that time called kidnappers and it is said they brought them to a house where the mill in Monivea now is. Some say they brought them up as protestants. Others say that the people that were learning to be doctor was killing them to see would they know was there any thing thing wrong with them and learning the parts of their bodies.

There was a farmer and he had a servant boy. The servant boy was out very late and the farmer said that he would stop the servant boy from being out late. One evening he sent the boy to the forge with a horse and gave the boy a note to give to the smith. What was in the note was, to keep the boy late but not to put him in danger. The boy had to go a very lonesome road and there was a ghost seen there. It was very late when the boy was coming home and the smith gave him a coulter of a plough to put on his shoulder and said to the boy not to remove it from his shoulder until he would go home. The boy was bout a mile from the forge and a ghost appeared to him and followed him home. When he was in the yard he left the horse go around the yard until morning. He threw the coulter of the plough out the door and in the morning there was only ashes there. He had the

heard about the gold, and he said that he would get it without any trouble. But as you know things are more easy said than done. One winters night, he prepared to go down to the fierce looking cell. He thought, before he went in, and at last struck upon a lovely plan. He said to his son that he would shout if anything happened to him while he would be inside. In he went, and closed the door, but in less than five minutes, the son heard him screaming for help. The son ran in and found his poor father lying on the floor of the old manor, half dead. The son ran over to him, and pulled him out, and on to a priest he brought him. It took him twelve months to recover, and this is the strange news of what he heard, and saw inside in the old manor. When he reached the cell he saw a little box and it full up lovely gold coins. He ran to pick them up but he saw a horrid looking spirit which said to him "drop that gold or you will drop it if I attack you". When the Scotchman heard this he got such a fright that he fell in a weakness, and that is what happened to him in the cell he said after he had recovered. The gold is still in the old manor, and everyone is afraid to go near it, and everyone that is afraid I think that I should call them wise men because the person that touches the cell will suffer.

Butter is made by putting the ripened cream into a churn putting on the lid and twisting the churn round and round until the cream thickens and eventually breaks into butter.Old method of making butter:- The butter was made from whole milk that is the milk when taken from the cow was set in a wide pan and left so until it was thick and sour when it was ready for churning. The churn was a timber vessel something like the shape of a pitcher wide and flat in the bottom and narrowing towards the top; it had a round lid and there was a hole in the centre of this lid. Down this hole was put a long pole to which was attached a piece of flat timber about the size of a small bread-plate. The pole was worked up and down with the hand and the splashing caused by the board on the top of the pole would break the milk into butter after some time. Should a visitor come in while the butter was making he was expected to say "God bless the work" and take a hand at the churning. It he did not do this it was the belief that the full produce of

from the foot. The nail must be carefully preserved until the foot is quite healed and until all danger of poisoning or festering has passed away. Usually a potato (raw) is taken and cut and the nail is put into the potato and then left on the dresser in the kitchen. When this potato has dried up the nail must be taken out and put into a new (fresh) potato. This continues until the foot is perfectly healed. Unless this is done people believe that the foot will swell-up. The practice applies only to rusty articles.

In the beginning of the ninteenth century the principal food of the people was potatoes and milk. They were eaten three times a day - in the morning, at midday, and in the evening. During the famine when the potatoes had failed a certain meal called Indian meal was eaten. It was boiled in a pot with some water and salt in it. It was taken up in a large plate when boiled and placed in the centre of the table and the whole family sat around the table

There were not very many shops round here in the olden times. A lot of the people did their shopping after Mass, but it is not done now. They sold everything. Sometimes the people exchanged eggs for goods. Labour was exchanged for goods. If a person gets goods and does not pay for them at the time this is called "Tick". The markets were held in Derry, which is six miles from here. Dealers used to come around here and gather up old rags and exchange them for delph or other things. The names given to various coins are, a halfpenny is called a "Make", a penny a "Wing", a sixpence a "Tanner", and a shilling a "Bob".

from Glencalry. As the still was valuable he didn't like to lose it. He went to the barracks at the dead of night and opened a coach house attached to it where the stills captured were stored. He picked out his own still and went home. It was never captured again.

There was a blacksmith long ago and all the neighbours used to come to him to do jobs and all the payment they would give him was, "God spare you the health. At last he got vexed at this and he thought of a plan. He brought his in his dog and tied him in a corner of the forge and he gave him nothing to eat or to drink to see would prayers keep him alive. After that more people came with jobs and when they were going they said, "God spare you the health", instead of payment. "Good said the smith let my dog have that". But the dog was dead next morning. The same day a neighbour came t the forge and wanted to get a few jobs done. The smith did the work as usual and when the man was on the eve of going he said "God spare you the health". The smith did nothing but caught him by the shoulder. "Look said he at my dog if prayers could keep him alive he would be fat. After that the people used to say what is the cost instead of "God spare you the health".There is another story about a man that used to keep his cows well fed. He had the best cows in the parish. One day he was talking to a neighbour, and he asked him how did he feed his

In the parish of Ballyhar, Co. Kerry, marriages take place most frequently during Shrove. Wednesdays and Fridays are deemed unlucky for marriage. May and August are the months considered unlucky for marriage "in May married and parted".
Matches are made in the parish of Ballyhar, Co. Kerry, at present. Money is given as dowry. Stock or goods are not now given as dowry, but they were up to eighty years ago. Live stock - lambs, sheep, cows, bonhams and articles of furniture - table or dresser - were given as dowry. Up to one hundred years ago marriages used to take place in the houses. The parish priest used go to the house and after the marriage he used to remain there for some time to enjoy the wedding festivities.
At the present time a wedding feast is held in the house of the bridegroom when the parties return there after the marriage at the church. Straw boys visit the house. Their faces are covered with masks and ropes of straw are coiled around their bodies to keep the old

Lime-Burning (contd.) up to fifty years ago farmers burned lime in a second type of kiln which was about twelve feet long, six feet wide and eleven or twelve feet high. In the base of the front wall of each of these kilns there were two openings, two feet high and one foot wide. These openings were called "eyes".
The first thing that was done was to make two arched with limestone in the bottom of the kiln, thus [image].
These arches extended from the front wall to the back wall of the kiln. The kiln was filled by throwing the limestone on the arches. It was not broken small. When the kiln was full it was covered with earth to keep down the flames which were formed when the contents had taken fire. Turf was thrown in through the "eyes" to fill the two spaces under the arches. This was next set fire to with the object of burning the limestone overhead. When the lime was burned it was shovelled out at the back of the kiln.

Lime-burning:- up to ten years ago lime was burned in the townland of Rathcomane, parish of Ballyhar, Co. Kerry. It was burned as follows, in kilns which were about twelve feet high and four or five feet in diameter. The kiln was filled with alternate layers of turf and limestone which was broken to the size of stones now used on the roads. Each layer of turf contained four or five bags and each layer of limestone was about four inches in depth. When the kiln was full the turf at the bottom was set fire to. In due course the contents of the was burned. According as the stone was being "burned" it was allowed to "run out", as lime, at the hole in the bottom of the kiln and further layers of turf and stone were added on top until sufficient lime was obtained.

well is cut in sideways in a a rocker, and it never goes dry. When the saint was dying he gave orders that the tree at the lios should never be cut. Some fifty or sixty years ago a Macroom carpenter named Murphy made an attempt to cut it. To do so he went up the tree to cut the top branches, with the result only that he fell helplessly to the ground. He tied again and again with the same result. The last time however he got such a fall that he was taken away unconcious. He never attempted to cut the tree again, nor did anyone else.

place and never married. Edward then owned it and married Eileen Cor Roscommon. They had one child Charles Reynolds "Dr". he got the place and married Maggie Mulligan Killamaun. There were six children. His son Charles now occupies the place and his wife is Bridget Noone from Clougher Grange Carrick on Shannon. Their children were Charles and Maggie. Charles dies and Maggie is in IV Std in Cloonburk GNS and told me the history of Esker North this day 28/11/38 after 3pm & next searches for the history of Esker South.
South Esker Three Houses.

There are three forges in this parish. The names of the blacksmiths are:- Tom Meehan, Kibrisheighter, Templeboy, Peter Finnegan, Rathglass, Templeboy and Larry Flattley, Lugdoon, Templeboy. Peter Finnegan's father had a forge before Peter. Tom Meehan's forge was built about 50 years ago by Tom. There was no forge there before that. Larry Flattley built the forge himself also. The forges are built on the roadside.
The door of Larry Flattley's forge is like a horse shoe and the roof is thatched. Tom Meehan has a common door in his forge and has a thatched roof. Peter Finnegan has galvanised iron on his forge and has a common door. There is a chimney and a window on every forge. There is another room attached to the forge and it is called "the bellow's house". The fire is on a heap of stones about two or three feet high. There is a big stone in front of the the fire with a hollow in it and it is full with water for cooling the irons. The other implements a the vice, hammer, rasp, knife, sledge, punch, anvil, nippers and the dog.
The animals that are shod are:- the horse, ass, mule, pony and the jennet. The farm implements that are made in the forge are:- plough, harrows, gates, bog-spades, axes and tyres for the

There are three new forges in this parish. The names of the blacksmiths are:- Tom Meehan, Kibrisheighter, Templeboy, Peter Finnegan, Rathglass, Templeboy and Larry Flattley, Lugdoon, Templeboy. Peter Finnegan's father had a forge before Peter. Tom Meehan's forge was built about 50 years ago by Tom. There was no forge there before that. Larry Flattley built the forge himself also. The forges are built on the roadside.
The door of Larry Flattley's forge is like a horse shoe and the roof is thatched. Tom Meehan has a common door in his forge and has a thatched roof. Peter Finnegan has galvanised iron on his forge and has a common door. There is a chimney and a window on every forge. There is another room attached to the forge and it is called "the bellow's house". The fire is on a heap of stones about two or three feet high. There is a big stone in front of the the fire with a hollow in it and it is full with water for cooling the irons. The other implements a the vice, hammer, rasp, knife, sledge, punch, anvil, nippers and the dog.
The animals that are shod are:- the horse, ass, mule, pony and the jennet. The farm implements that are made in the forge are:- plough, harrows, gates, bog-spades, axes and tyres for the

Our horse wears four sets of shoes in the year because he carts a lot of clay and stones and he also brings wrack or seaweed from the sea. We clip the horse every October. The thighs and sides of the working horse are clipped and the pony is clipped all over.
We wrote before about O'Dowd's horse that was in the stable for seven years at Ardnaglass. We call the other animals like this, hen = tuk-tuk, duck = wheet-wheet, goose = baddy-baddy, turkey = bead-bead, goat = jenny and minnie, sheep = shawnie, cat = pish-pish, pig = hurrish or tze or awie.
We hatch thirteen eggs in a sitting. We shake holy water on the nest, put a bit if iron in it and a green sod.

We put palm in the stable on Palm Sunday and we put a green leaf in it on May Day to bring luck.
The first milk of a cow after calving is given to the cow but he first drop is milked down on a red coal because they say it clears the fairies. Then an egg id beaten up and mixed with oaten-meal and put on the cow's back between the horns or on the top of the head and the taste given in the mouth.
It is said that if a stranger milked your cows on May Eve he would bring the butter for that year, and that nobody should give a stranger milk to bring away from the house without shaking a grain of salt on it. The sign of the cross is put with the milk on the hips and on each teat after milking.
The horse stable is small with place for one horse only. Sometimes the horse gets part of the cow stable with a partition between them. There are names for horses:- Nelson, Black Eagle, Molly, Bob, Sam, Star, Prince, Charlie and Daisy. When we are driving a horse we say "Go on out of that, Xa, Come on, wo, whee, and we say "prin" when we are calling him.
We give the horse straw, hay, oats, bran, raw mangolds, boiled cabbage, salt and sometimes a grain of nitre. We also give him a drink of oat-meal and flour when he is tired. We trot the horse to the water every morning before we feed him.

wheels of carts.
The blacksmith shoes the wheels in the open air. He has a stone as big as the wheel with a hole in the middle of it. He puts the tyre on the ground and covers it with lit colas and when it is red hot he takes it out and puts it down on the wheel which he has left on the big stone.
When the smith is making a bog spade he gets in the shop partly shaped. Then he turns it to suit the handle and fits it in. The place for the handle is called the boong and the wing is called the lon.
He gets ribbon iron in the shop for making gates and sometimes he gets the pole of the gate in the shop also, but very often he makes it out of the axle of a cart. The rivets are made out of rod iron.
Tom Meehan was a famous man for turning scythes. He used to remake the heel of the scythe to give it ground to suit the man that was going to mow. He never used a hoop but made a special ring to hold the blade on the sned.
Smiths are always hard rough men. People gather at the forge on wet days to spend the day talking or making things. He makes a frost nail for anyone who wants it because they say that it is as good as a blackthorn stick in a row. There was an old forge at Ballyfarris bridge and they say pikes were made in it for the Fenians.

Fairs are held at Ardglass, Farnaharpy and Dromore West. Sometimes the buyers come to the farmers' houses to buy the cattle before the fair. Lorries come out from the town to the country buying sheep and lambs.
Cattle fairs were held at Ardglass long ago but now there are only two or three fairs for sheep held during the Summer months at it. The fairgreen of Ardnaglass is beside an old castle of the O'Dowds, Chiefs of Tireragh. The fair of Farnaharpy is held on the roadway near an old fort in the townland of Farnaharpy but the fair of Drumore is held in a special field.
The toll on a sheep is twopence and threepence for the other animals but twopence for a bonham. The tolls at Ardnaglass are paid to Tom Clarke, Ardnaglass; Farnaharpy to Tom Cavanagh; and in Dromore West to Miss Lougheed.
Luck is always given when an animal is sold even though the bargain is made to pocket. A half crown is given for a two year old or upwards. One shilling for a sheep, a lamb, a calf and a bonham.
People clap hands when they are making bargains and when the bargain is finished a bit of dirt is put on the animal with a stick. Then the buyer cuts off some of the hair with a scissors if the animal is to be shipped. Some put on a mark with raddle. A bonham is marked with grease out of the axle of a cart. When

Once upon a time there lived in Toocanane a man named Michael Clarke. One night as he was on his way home from Foxford a man came out of a field in the side of the road and walked with him for a mile. He then told Michael to get off the road as quickly as he could or he would meet men who would hold him up until morning.
Michael said he could not get off the road very quickly because he had a long way to go. His companion turned back and Michael walked as fast as he could. He had not gone far until he heard a horse coming behind him. The horse stood beside and he felt him self being lifted upon the horse.

were unconcious for two hours. When they were taken home they recovered. The bodies of the dead people were taken to the shore where they were met by a crowd of weeping people. They were buried in Cuslough grave-yard. May their souls rest in peace.

He is ever since known as the "Sledger". The Murrays came from Tirawley near Ballina. The forge in Kinally was owned by Kevilles. There were several generations of smiths in the family. They moved to Balla and one of them still carries on the forge there. The Kevilles were carpenters also. Some of them worked at the carpentry and others at the work in the forge. They made carts, and traps, and painted them. Their forge in Balla is at the crossroads on the road leading from Balla to Castlebar. The forges in Logapmill and Newtown are small ones and the smith carried on mostly by shoeing asses and horses and mending ploughs harrows, scufflers, tongs, gates and other iron things.

So the men of the place went to look for the man who played the ghost, and they found him strangled in the bog. The belief is that the real ghost resented his action and strangled him.

Marriages most frequently take place locally between Jan. 6th and Shrove Tuesday. Friday is the unlucky day for marriage. Matches are still made in this district but not on as large a scale as formerly. The old type of match-maker is gone. Money is given as a dowry with the bride. Often too, cows are given, and sometimes horses, ponies, and trap-cars.
House-marriages took place locally until about fifty years ago. The marriage took place in the brides house in the morning, and the officiating priest generally waited for the subsequent festivities. These held all day. Whiskey-punch was drank freely and the food consisted of boiled pigs heads, "spuds", cabbage and a "dailc" of beef. Beef was a rarity to rural people at the time. A local fiddler and piper sat in a secluded corner

Children on School Roll classified as regards colour of eyes + hair - 31/12/1938.Eyes........ Brown........ 10
Blue........... 34
Hazel......... 40
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84Hair.......... Fair.............. 74
Brown......... 4
Black........... 6
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84

bring a pint of newmilk. Let the ferret drink some of it, give the remainder to the child to drink.
Aninal cures:-
For convulsions in pigs. Gert chicken weed, boil it and give the water to the pig. If the pig is small get a tub of cold water and when the pig is in the fit throw him into the water. Keep him very warm for a day two.
Belly-Fretting in horses and cattle:-
This cure which never fails can be made by anybody. Get any class of a cord, make the woem knot with it three times over the animals back each time in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The cure is instant and permanent. The worm knot is made by getting the ends of the cord in each hand. Then place the right hand over the left hand and make a loose knot. Then the left over the right and make another loose knot. Then bring the end in the left hand down and up under the first knot then through the second knot now if no mistake is made when you pull the the ends, the cord should stretch out without being knotted.

"Others say that the Blessed Virgin appeared there once".

"And, furhter, that the said Francis Barrett and partners, their heirs, escors., admrs, and assigns, have agreed and engaged to fatten two pigs yearly and every year during the continuance of this demise, and to be sent the said Denis Bingham, his heirs and assigns, on or about Christmas in each and every year, or in default thereof to pay the said Denis Bingham, his heirs, and assigns, the sum of two pounds, five shillings, and six pence sterling for and in lieu of each and every pig not fattened as aforesaid", etc, etc.

All the people in Beaghmore went to an old school in Tobberoe long ago. The names of the books they had were The Primer, The Reader made Easy and the spelling book.
There was another school in Shrule and many people in our village went to it. The school master

you a license to bring back your cows from Fermoy. You've a license for selling your hunter, a license for keeping your dog. And a license a bull for your cattle and dump his poor calves in the bog.You've a license for selling your bacon, a license to purchase your maize. But wait til you read the next budget with a license for hunting the fleas. You've a license for fishing the rivers a license for sugar and tea. May the Lord give a license to hang them says the cow that was going to Roscrea.You've wheat schemes, beet schemes, and turf schemes open to all. You are loosing your money to pay a crowd of calf-skinners up in the Dail. You've dentists, professors, and doctors and with lawyers the place it is full. And others who are making the law who don't know a cow from a bull.Oh talk of the markets they will find you with the flattering speeches they'll make. There is not a farmer in Ireland but that crowd will surely break. So here's my last prayer as I am parting I hope God will grant it to me. That my spirit may come back to haunt them when my bones will be crushed in Roscrea.

Cocrane had to walk only about thirty perches from the place where he was robbed to O'Brien's house. He went quickly and told O'Brien his story; in a few minutes more O Brien was on the back of his swiftest horse and off to Cloone to report it to the police there. O'Brien galloped his horse the most of the way. Ryan the Blacksmith took his was across the country on foot, so fast that as O'Brien was passing Ryan's forge in the village of Cloone Ryan came to the door of the forge with a red hot horse-shoe held in his hand by a punch and shouted to O'Brien "I say Sir, your horse has lost a shoe". Though the law officers had suspicions that Ryan was at the Robbery of Cocrane that statement freed him. It was considered impossible that any man on foot could outdistance a swift horse on a journey of eleven miles from Drumsilla to Cloone so mush as to to be able to heat a horse shoe red hot. As to the money the other two men came back with it to the Cloonsam Hill, halted there for some time and from there went to the fort on Lisgillock hill nearby. It was believed afterwards that they hid the money at either

see by his gait that he was an athlete.
By trade he was a shoe maker and went from house to house with his tools and worked at his trade. He never married. One time when he was about thirty years of age he was working in a house in the town-land of Aughavas near the old chapel. On a Sunday morning the priest Father O'Farrell came to the house where Michael O'Farrell was staying and called him out and said "Michael, I'm in an awful predicament, it is now 10:30. I have no Altar wine. No Catholic neighbour has a horse or knows how t o ride one. Mohill is the nearest place where it can be got; it is nine miles away. I must start Mass before 12 noon. You are my only help" "All right father", said Michael. "No trouble to me with the help of God". In five minutes Michael was off that is at 10:35. Father O'Farrell then went back to his house. Soon he was out again and of course was looking towards the West.
At 11:50 the priest recognised the big frame of Michael passing group after group of the mass people coming

near the chapel; at 11:55 Michael stood at the Sacristy door and handed the bottle of wine to the priest. That means he travelled or ran a journey of 17 or 18 miles in one hour and twenty minutes.
About one hundred and twenty years ago lived a land agent named Cocrane more than one landlord spent three days in succession lifting rents in the village of Clone. During these days a man named O'Rourke conspired with a man named Ryan a blacksmith in Clone and another man to to rob this agent of the rent on his way home to the Co Cavan. O'Rourke pointed out to his fellow conspirators that it was a shame to let this foreigner away with so much money from the fair fields of Breffni. The other two agreed.
They selected as their place of ambush Drumsilla about two miles East of the village of Carrigallen. Just at O'Briens gate Drumsilla, Cocrane was held up by these three men and relieved of all the money, believed to be thousands of pounds. Then they allowed him to go up to O'Brien's house now owned by a man named Wilson

throw them at the big stone. The nearest quat gets the two last quats and the person who throws the last ones is out. They keep on that way until all the quats are won by one man. Then they start some other game.Another game is to pitch money. Every man pitches two pence and takes up the penny that is farthest away. What ever person has his penny nearest the stone which is on the road gets the toss. The pennies are tossed and any heads that are turned, the person who tosses them can keep them. Then the second nearest to the stone trys and so on till all the money is won or lost.Every little boy has a slinger. This is made of leather and their are cords at each side of the leather. They put a stone into it and swing it over their heads. Then they let off one cord and the stone will go buzzing through the air.

night. There was another old beggar named Sarah Lally. She used to keep allot of dogs. She used to lock in the dogs when she used to go out begging. One day the dogs broke out, and went into her little hut, and broke and ate all she had. There was an old man who lived in Headford, named Mike Barret. He used to have whips tied around on a table, and you would pay a penny for these rings to fire at them. If you put the ring in, in the handle of the whip, you would get it. His wife used to gather the money.

Long ago beggars were very plentiful. Crowds of them used to go around every day. They used to be seen by the roadside in crowds, fighting and screaming. It was he same beggars that used to come always. There used to be a beggar called 'Pancakes'. The reason he was called that name, was because he used not eat any bread, but pancakes. Another beggar was called Bunnyares (?). He stayed at my father's house for three days. Every day he used to go out selling things. he used to sell lace, laces, pins, combs, and many other things. the beggars were well treated long ago. They used

There was a poor man one time named John Brady. He had no butter. One day, this man told him to sell himself to the devil and he would get magic and he could change himself into a greyhound and he could steal butter. He said "if you could go out some 'Springs' evening to a hill when the moon would be shining beside a lone bush you would find the devil. John Brady did as he was told. He went to the hill, beside the lone bush. When he was there a while, the devil appeared to him and he told him all about him being in need of butter. So he changed him into a greyhound. Then he went home and every house he used to go into, they used to pass no remarks on him and every chance he got he used to take their butter. So when he had enough gathered he went back to the devil, and he was changed back to human shape.

placed on the manure about a foot apart. The drills are then closed and in three weeks are moulded with the plough as by that time the stalks are about an inch over the soil. The weeds are then pulled and when spraying time comes the potatoes are sprayed in the same manner as when sown in ridges.
Sowing potatoes by foideen is usually done in land which is not ploughed before or cultivated for some years. The land is ploughed into ridges and is then sown in the same manner as is usually done in ridges. When the stalks have grown over the soil they are moulded and sprayed in the ordinary way.

Chincough:- To drink ferets leavings
Gumboils:- Camamile is good for gumboils to drink it with sugar.

Widow woman that cursed him, was carrying two pigs to the market, before day, and Cronin drove up in his carriage, and killed the two pigs. The poor woman looked at him and said Ha, Ha, you cannot touch myself, and he drove off like a flash of light.
On another occasion there were five men cutting a tree in Cronin's property at Mountinfant. They had the tree cut down when Cronin drove up on his carriage, and put his foot on the tree. When they saw him they all fell with the fright but one man said to him take your foot or I will cut it off you; you devil. Then he went into his carriage, and drove across the river Blackwater. As he drove across the river the wheels were so hot that they drove water up into the air.
On another occasion the order of Monks that are in Mount Helleray now, were at Rathmore that time, and one night when the candles were lit Cronin came up, and quenched them. That was all that was ever heard of him again. The Monks drove him away by the power of God.

He even wrote to Charles II inviting him to land in Cork. He was created Earl of Ossery subsequently and Lord President of Munster. However, on 25th. November, 1668 he was impeached in the House of Commons "for raising monies by his own authority upon His Majesty's subjects thereby defrauding the King's subjects of their estates". When messengers went to arrest him and lodge him in the of London he pleaded illness and gave influential bail for his appearance. Parliament was prorogued on 11th. December, 1668 and no further proceedings were taken against him. He died on 16th. October, 1679.

fourteen boys, but it can be played by more.
One side goes into bat and an other side marks "ducks". One boy throws the ball to the boy who is batting, and that boy hits the ball as far as he can. Then he throws down the bat, and runs around the "ducks" that are already made, and if he succeeds in doing so, he would be said to have made a "round". If the ball was caught while in the air, by the other side, they would go in to bat.
Ball-in-the-cap is played by any number. "Beds" are made with stones, and one player tries to throw the ball into some "bed". The boy who owns the "bed" picks up the ball and throws it at another player. If the ball hits a boy a stone is put in his "bed", and when the boy has six stones in his "bed" he is out of the game.

I
A little metal crucifix,
As plain as it can be,
And onely God in heaven,
Knows how dear it is to me.
I always have it with me,
In every step I take,
In evening when I slumber,
In morning when I wake.
II
In dark and stormy weather,
In sunshine and in rain,
It helps me in my struggles,
And relieves me in y pain.
And when the time approaches.
When I lie down to die,
I hope this little crucifix,
Beside me it will lay.
III
The Holy Name of Jesus,
The last words I shall say,
And kissing my dear crucifix,
My soul shall pass away.

There lived in this district also a woman who always went to Mass and devotions. One Sunday evening she went to the "Holy Hour". She was very tired and during the devotions she fell sound a sleep. When the Holy Hour was over everyone left the Chapel, except the old woman who was still asleep. The people all passed out but did not notice her. The old woman was still asleep, and the Chapel door was closed by the caretaker, not knowing she was in. She was unable to get out, and so she sat on. At twelve o'clock a priest appeared on the Alter and said "Is there anyone here to clerk Mass for me"? But the woman did not speak, and the priest disappeared.
In the morning when the Chapel door was opened, the woman came out, and hastened to tell the priest what had happened. The priest said he would accompany her to the Chapel that night. He did so and at twelve o'clock the priest appeared on the Alter and repeated the words he had said on the previous night. The other priest went up and clerked Mass for him. When Mass was over the strange priest said that as he had said that last Mass that he could go to rest. Everyone then knew that this old woman must have been very holy.

There is one holy well in this parish near the village of Brosna in Timothy Murphys land. It is called St Mulleens well. it is a distance of four small fields from the public road. There is a path from the road to the well. The well is in the middle of a field. There are stones trewn roughly about it. It is not deep. There are Religious objects around the well i.e. statues left there by people who have gone there to pay for some favour.
People go to the well to pay rounds on the Saturdays in May. They go around the well three times saying a Rosary each time. A rush is pulled and made a cross of and thrown into the well. This round must be made three Saturdays in May. Confession and holy Communion on the last Saturday. If the person who is making the round sees a fish it is a sign that his request will be granted.

Cuileann Forts:
Lios an Uisge - Mrs. Jane O'Leary has the fort of this name, which it semes to have got from the wet nature of the whole townland. There is no water in the fort.
Lios na Liatháin - Jer Vaughan.
Lios na Buidher - Maurice Kerins.
An enchanted cow.
Mullach Ruadh North - Jer Keeffe has Lios na na Duinne (brown cow probably) and Lios na Con Ruadh (fox probably)
Lios na Saorseán.

ends of his own house. The rope was tied around his neck and the end of it thrown across the branch of a tree to string him up, when they seen coming riding in the distance this captain and they waited till he'd enjoy the fun, but instead, he cut the rope from around his neck and said he was innocent of the charge they brought against him, though the captain well knew, that he then P/P/ led 1300 to Ballinamuck, from where they had assembled at a place called Clarganaugh in a wood further over along the lake shore.

girl would make an excellent wife for his son.

There was a man named Anthony Mc Nulty Rooskey Foxford Co Mayo and he had a dog called Jacko. He was a very good dog and would not let anyone go near the gate after the light in the house was blown out. One night he came to the door and started scratching at the door. The man of the house let him in to see what was wrong with him. As soon as he was let in he ran back under the bed. The man got a light and looked under to see what was wrong with him. He saw him lying on the floor with a hole in his chest that the man could put his fist into. He took his gun and went out to see what caused it and he saw two big dogs as big as good sized calves going up the road. He fired a shot at them and they disappeared. He heard it afterwards that it was the Bolstra.

Garlic
Garlic is a herb found in some fields in this district. Long ago the people used to get Garlic and chop it very finely. Then they would get an evergreen shrub called Rue and cut it up. Then they would mix the garlic and rue together in grease. This mixture was used as a preventive for blackleg a disease common in young calves. They would catch the calf and make a small hole in his skin behind his front right leg and inject some of the mixture.Dwarf Elder
Dwarf Elder is a small green plant found on the sides of roads. it is supposed to be a cure for Morrain in cattle. You would gather the elder and chop it up and steep it in water. You would leave it in the water for a couple of days. At the end of that time the elder would be very soft. Then you would mix the elder and water and give it to

"s cold as Cotter" is heard daily heard in this district yet.
James Cotter was executed by Colonel Cronin for complicity in Captain Rock's Rebellion. The gallows was erected at Shinnagh Cross in 1822 A.D. He was offered his freedom if he turned "Informer". Cotter refused saying "No, I'll never put a child crying for his father or no

started to build but soon had to stop. The wall was not straight and the side of the house was crooked and he did not know what to do. But his daughter who was busy knitting came to his aid sticking one of the needles in the wall at the end of the houses, she passed her thread along to the other end and fastened it to another needle. Then getting a piece of stick she tied the ball of wool to it. With the help of the thread along the wall and the stick with the ball of wool tied to it her father went on with his work with out any mistake.

inside he shut the oven doors. The soldier died because there was no air in the oven. The baker came back again with the other soldier he told to come at ten o clock. The baker gave the second soldier his supper and when the soldier had finished his supper he talked with the baker. While they were talking there was a knock at the door. (The baker said "Come in at ten o clock". When the soldier went away another soldier came and the baker told him to come at 11 o clock.
The first man came at nine o clock and the baker gave) The baker told the soldier to go into the oven. When the soldier went into the ovens in the baker shut the door and suffocated the soldier. When the baker opened the door the third soldier came in and he gave him his supper. While the soldier was eating his supper the baker was thinking of a plan to kill the third soldier. At last the baker got an idea. After the soldier had finished his supper the baker told him he was going into the next room for a while and if anyone knocked at (room) the door to go into the baker oven. The soldier said he

A long time ago there lived a baker, named Power. He lived in Swineford and had a big baking house. In this house there were many hiding places in which soldier used to hide. This man did not like men to hide in his house. One day when the man was baking he heard a knock at the door the baker opened the door and who should he see but a soldier. The soldier asked the baker if he could stay in the house a week and he would give him a hundred pounds. The baker said he would and he told the soldier come at nine o clock. The man went away and the baker returned to his work but there was another tap at the door. The baker said "Come in at ten o clock". When the soldier went away another soldier came and the baker told him to come at 11 o clock.
The first man came at nine o clock and the baker gave him his supper. After they had finished the soldier sat down and began to read when a tap came to the door. The baker told the soldier to go into the oven when the baker got him

wool was stolen that night and the people of the village blamed St. Patrick for stealing the wool. Then the day after all the people of the village came out and began to attack St. Patrick for stealing the wool. Then three weeks before that happened there was a man burried and St. Patrick called him out of the grave. Then he asked the dead man "Who stole the wool and the dead man pointed to a woman that it was she stole it.

and he got a very bad fit sickness. Another story tells us there was a farmer driving cows into a field, and when the cattle came to a certain gap he could not drive any cow out. So he went home for his son when his son came he went outside the gap to see what was stopping the cattle. Then he saw the Leipreachan sitting down.
Come said the farmer's son what are you doing here. Oh said he I want you to come with me. There will be a dance down in the country and take a horse with you. How will you go said the farmer's son to the Leipreachan. Oh said he I have a plough here that will take me.
Then they went off together jumping the ditches, Then they went down to the hall. Let you go in now said the "Leipreachan" to the farmer's son and there is a sop for you and the first girl you meet ask her to dance, stick the sop in her nose.
Now said the Leipreachan let

The famine affected this district very much. The district was thickly populated then. Several ruins of houses can be seen still. The potatoes decayed in the ground when growing. They sat the potatoes the same as usual after the famine time. They ate yellowmeal, turnips, caisairamháin, phruiseach bhuiroe. I was told that Government relief never reached this district because at that time the landlords had to get so much of every crop. A great number of people died in this district in one place six people were found dead together very bad sickness followed this because the people had nothing to nourish themselves. The potatoes failed by the burning of the stalks, and the potatoes rotted in the ground.

Doorah is the name of my townland and it is situated in the middle of the parish of Dromod. It is a lot different now compared with, what it was a hundred years ago. The people used build their little huts at the foot of the hill in order that they would have shelter.
There is a rath in the middle of Doorah and it is surrounded by a hedge of blackthorn and from this rath the village got its name dubh rath or Doorah. The land was not divided into farms that time it was a commonage. All the farmers paid a herdsman between them. When they were making the roads the land was tilled and divided into farms. The houses were very small and reasonable houses were built.

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Long ago the children used to pull the rushes and weave them into hats and caps and bring them to a point. They would get the nicest flowers in the farm and stick them here and there in the hats.
When the children used to play at shops they would get a crock of sand and decorate it around with fairy fingers and other flowers.
When they would see a person going along the road come here sir and buy some flowers and they would enjoy themselves all the day.
In the Summer the children picked daisies and put a stitch of thread through the hearts of them so as to make necklaces.

Long ago there was a man in Portmagee whose name was Tadhg Ruadh. In the Spring time he usually went to Limerick working for big farmers. One day he was employed by a woman to cut a scythe of hay in a lawn which contained six acres. He commenced cutting the hay early in the morning and when he stopped in the evening he had five acres mown.
At the end of the year when he was coming home he went in to a plantation and cut three blackthorn sticks. The owner of the wood came on him and he asked him what did he want the sticks for and Tadhg said he wanted one for himself and one for each of his two brothers. The owner of the wood asked him would he fight him and Tadhg said he would. The man told Tadhg to come to his own house

man in 1915 used to put a half tierce of stout into a horse nail.Pat and Denis Rourke of Minish used to take a half-ton weight between them on a hand-harrow. The are brothers and still alive. They were the strongest men who ever worked with the Great Southern and Western Railway.

horses on the hill.
When all was ready they started out on the journey. Another O'Hogan was in the crowd or he is known as the "Would be Traitor". He had his mind made up to betray Sarsfield into the hands of the English he galloped away from the crowd but G. O'Hogan followed him. When G. O'Hogan drew near him the traitor said to him "now is our time to make money" how said O'Hogan we will betray Sarsfield. G. O'Hogan pretended that he was siding with him back to where the men were. They were watering their horses at the Popes river. Gallopean O'Hogan made signs to Sarsfield about the traitor and at once the traitor was shot. Well done called Sarsfield from above. "attention, advance. and so to then he shouted to Ballyneaty's Walls.

Patrick Sarsfield to the present day is still to be remembered as one of Ireland's greatest heroes. To the present day he is still to be remembered for the brave and couragous deed he did to help the Irish. When the English were besieging Limerick a train of ammunition was one night on its way to Ballyneaty for to help the English. Sarsfield got word of this before hand.
He at one got ready for the journey. Galloping O'Hogan was the leader of the army on the journey. It is believed that they rested for a night near Carnahalla on a hill called Cnoc-Na-bfear or the hill of the men. Traces of his camp fire are still to be found and even old horse-shoes are often found. For the final dash to Ballyneaty Sarsfield re-adjusted the shoes of his

there to Mass from miles around. The passages they made through fields were called "Mass Paths". This fear is still in the blood of the Irish people. In Parish Churches it is common to see the people kneeling on the steps, and outside the Church door during Mass.

There is still to be seen the ruins of an old Church in a place called the Fox-covert about a mile and a half from Cappawhite. During the penal days Mass used be said in woods and other hiding place, because the people were forbidden to attend the Churches also the Priests were banished out of Ireland.
All the Priests did not leave Ireland they sought refuge in the farmers houses on the hills, and in woods. There was a Church built in the Fox-Covert where the priest used say Mass. While Mass was going on a crowd of men used watch along the hillside in case the English Soldiers would find them out.
The people used come

Long ago it was a general rule with old people to visit other people's houses. One night a man was coming out from a neighbour's house. He had to travel through a long field which contained a boreen, before he could reach the road. He started on his journey home and he had not gone far when he saw a speck of light in the distance. He walked over to it but when he go there he discovered that the light was in another direction so he walked round the field several times but could not find either the boreen or the gate. In the end he thought of a plan that his father had told him years ago and here it was. "If he turned his coat and waistcoat inside-out that he would find his way and so he did. When he had it done he could see

the mother of the bride to go to the chapel. It is also said that the bridegroom should not call on his way to the chapel for the bride. It is said that the bride should borrow somethign from the neighbour for the marriage.
Long ago when the boys would see the newly married couple coming they used to light straw and when the bride used to land at the house the wedding cake used to be broken over her head. That night there used to be a feast in the bride's house and the night after in the bridegroom's house.

the priest opposed it. However the work went on and one day as Dr. Downes was coming down past the old castle of Kilmallock he saw an orangeman using a pickaxe. Dr. Downes laid his hand on the man's shoulder as if to stop him, but received a blow in return. A passing man saw this act and gave the orangeman a sound beating. This man barely escaped arrest from a Sargeant Rusk. On the following Sunday Fr. O'Donoghue cursed the Cootes and Iverses, and in a short time old Coote was afflicted with a terrible disease, so bad that only one man could be found to mind and bury him. The Ivers also faded out of the district.

A man now living in Ballamudaugh by the name of James O'Donoghue claims his family history thus. Three O'Donoghue brothers came from north Kerry to the siege of Limerick and fought under Patrick Sarsfield. They remained about Limerick for a a year and then headed towards Effin carrying some cattle with them because at this time it wasn't too hard to find untenanted land. These are claimed to be the ancestors of the present James O'Donoghue. Well as was usual by the tyrants of that time the Donoghues were evicted from their place in Effin. They came on and settled down in Ballamudaugh. They were evicted by some Gubbins in 1775 and a girl of the family was shot.
However the family only crossed the road and settled down there permanently. From this family came a priest Fr. David who was curate in Kilmallock at the time when the Cootes and Ivers were in sway there. These ruling tyrants wanted to run a sewrage scheme through the Catholic Church grounds and

At the time of the Penal Laws a man named Ryan followed a hunt with the landlords and tyrants of East Limerick. Ryan was a poor Catholic and the poor people were delighted whenever he outwitted the tyrants. One day Ryan was hunting when the fox went into a landlord's estate near Bulgaden. The huntsmen went in at the big entrance gate but when Ryan went to go in he was told that no papist would be admitted, so wheeled his horse around and turned for home. A few hundred yards away he met an old man with a load of stones in a car. "Stand your car there " says Ryan. The old man did so and Ryan leaped his horse up on the car and right in over the demesne wall. He pressed forward and succeeed in getting the foxe's tail. Another say Ryan was in a hunt and the fox crossed a small bog alongside a lake. The landlords pulled up but Ryan pressed on and swum his his horse across the lake. He

habit of one brother who had remained at home to sit on a stile outside the door for a nightly smoke. One night a step came behind him and hands were put over his eyes, then the steps passed on but he saw no one. About the same time a woman was out walking one night when she heard one of the exiled brothers coming along by a bush ditch and he singing. It seemed so natural to her that for the moment she forgot he was in America. It appears that when this brother was at home he worked in a neighbouring farm house for 4 pence a day and bread being so scarce he used to carry a quarter cake from home with him each morning. Once work was over each evening his people used to hear him coming along by the ditch singing to his heart's content. It was found out afterwards that at the time of these happenings the 3 brothers were dead of a plague which swept over America after the Crimean War.

In the bad times of the Famine three brothers set out for America from Boherbue as north Clogher was then called. They took all their provisions with them in baskets. They were a long time gone and nothing was heard of them so that their people were afraid they were drowned. They had a young sister at home and she was sent with a message to a farm house some miles away. There was an old man in this house who was invalided but who was said to have the most beautiful hands in the world. He got into conversation with the little girl and said "Ye are in great trouble over your brothers but don't, tell your mother that they have landed safely and that ye'll hear from them soon. The little girl went home and told about it and true enough the brothers letters came in a few days. Some years went by and it was the

There are not many wild animals around here. The animals we see often are: the fox, the weasel, and the badger. The fox is a very wild animal and an untamed animal. He is an inhabitant of this district from the earliest time. His hiding place or his den is up on the side of a mountain.
One day a fox and a dog came into a house in which there was no one. It was a butchers shop. The fox said "let us eat all the meat". "No" said the dog, we will leave some for the master of the house. That is the reason the fox eat's nothing but meat. If there was a thorn in a person's skin and he to put a fox's tongue to it, it would draw it out.
The ferret is not as common around here as the other wild animals. He is

"Giant Steps". Played between a number of children. One stands about ten yards from the rest and calls out what steps each one is to take as:-
A giant's step:- as big a step as the child could take.
'A Crows Hop':- taken by putting one foot on top of the other and taking a small hop.
"A Baby's step". A very small step
"A scissors" = Three good jumps.Tip a finger run a mile.
Many children play this game, twenty is counted and whoever gets twenty stands with her face to the wall and her hands behind her back. One girl tips one of her fingers and the girl whose back

he handled the barrel he found it so heavy that he could not move it but after a while he did move it and found, on looking into it, that it was full of butter. The two women in pulling the rope across the river were "carrying" his butter.

distance off to carry home a bag of wood. They took it some distance and soon grew tired and returned home. When the father heard they were unable to carry it he said they were not worth rearing, and set off himself for it. He took it home without much trouble to the wonder of his sons.
It is also said he carried a mantle-piece some four or five cwts weight a very long distance.
Another near neighbour named Pat Kelly, who's grand-son is still alive. I hear my father day and other old folk that this old grand-father was very strong.
In those old time there was no such a thing as a cart so the people had all things to carry on their back.
This man carried seven cwts of flax from his own home to Clones. No one was known to carry as much so far, as it is about twelve miles.

after them. There is no offering made at the wells.
If the fish appears in the well this is a great sign that the person will be cured. It is said that the water of these wells has been often tried but it could never be boiled. There is a tree growing over these wells.

One night as two men were going across to Clare the boat overturned. Both men got caught under the boat and they were drowned. The boat was seen floating down the river and two men rowed out and got the bodies.In the year 1905 the Ferry-man at Castleconnell got into his boat to cross the river. The water was very high at the time and the man was drunk. When he did not return a search-party was started. Next morning they found him fast asleep about a mile down the river. The boat was pulled up on the bank beside him but the paddle was gone. Everyone in Castleconnell said it was a miracle but he said "The cat came back.

Three men were going up the river in a boat. There was a big flood in the river and they made two attempts to go past the Weir but the water beat them back both times. They made a third attempt but the water got into the boat. Two of the men jumped onto the Weir but the other man was carried down the river and he was drowned at the Ferry.One day a man was poling a boat across the river at the Worlds End. The pole missed the bottom of the river and the man fell out of the boat. He was not able to swim and so he got drowned. A man on the bank got a boat and rowed out to where the man went down. He dived down and brought up the man but he was dead.

Near Macroom are the ruins of many Castles, including Carrig-afooka (Fairy Rock) with its Druids' altar, and tropping a neighbouring eminence can be seen a remnant of Dundareirk, build by the Mac Carthys, and forfeited in the rebellion of 1641. It is now but a shattered relic of what it had been. This is the O'Learys country, though not a sod of the fee-simple now belongs to one of the Clan. The road now runs into the valley of the Gaorha or Garra, i.e. "The Valley", which extends some four miles east to west. It is watered by the little river. Toon ("the Wave") and the Lee circling numerous islets couvered with a rich growth of oak, ash, and hazel. The long, rocky ridge on the north side is called Grianan - "the Sunny Craggs".
The

There are three graveyards in the parish. Two of these are Churchyards. The Kilmoconogue burying ground is situated about a mile west of the village of Kealkil, and almost six miles east of Bantry. It is still in use. There are also the ruins of a Church in it. Nothing remains only the four walls, which are covered with ivy.
There are also bodies buried within its walls. The Churchyard slopes to the nort east. The

There is a big hill known as "Bearna na Gaorche" running between the townlands of Oldrack and Deechomade and it was a great place of meeting some eighty years ago. It was supposed to be the most noted place in the west of Ireland for bullet throwing, pitch and toss and dancing. Girls and boys used to frequent this place on Sunday evenings. They came from a radius of four and five miles around and all at the different games that suited their tastes. A piper attended and supplied the music. He attended every Sunday during Summer and Harvest and all who wished to dance had to pay the fee of one penny every Sunday and thus become enrolled in the dancing class.
There was a very bad dancer who attended regularly every Sunday and paid his money. One particular Sunday he paid 6d in Silver. It was

Taffe was on a tour in England on business matters and was coming home to his place of abode, Drumrane, when on board ship between Liverpool and the North Wall he got into conversation with a Colonel of the British army who was coming across with a Regiment to the Currach of Kildare. Taffe's dress at all times was a cord trousers and a frieze coat and knee garters made of what was called a thumb suggan made of straw and a belt of the same material. The British Colonel and Taffe got into conversation with the result that the Colonel asked this man, Taffe, although he did not know at the time what part of Ireland did he come from. Taffe told him he came from Co Sligo near a place called Ballymote. The Colonel inquired did he know any man of the name of Taffe and Taffe said: yes, and the Colonel said "if I was near that man now

bottom.
Then he thanked God for the stones to be gone so that he would not be carrying them home to his mother because if he was carrying them he would never be at home.
When he got up he was light and supple, when he had not the stones and it did not take him long to reach his mother's house.
When he arrived at this mother's house his mother welcomed him and gave him his supper, and she told him that she was very glad that he came because she was going to be evicted the following day and that he would pay the rent and all. When he told her how he spent his money all day she got very angry and she gave him a great beating and threw him out.

which they would prefer the have a tug of war.
London bridge is broken down.
About twenty girls play this, ten on one side and ten on the other. The first ten come in a line towards the others and say, "London bridge is broken down, broken down, broken down,. London bridge is broken down, my fair ladies".
The other ten say:-
"Build it up with sand and cement, sand and cement, sand and cement my fair ladies".
First ten:- "Sand and cement, is two scarce", just as before. Second ten, Build it up with silver and gold", as at first.

my blue open the gates and let us through.Dan, Dan, thread the needle.
The children line up one after the other and two girls hold up their hands in the form of a bridge. The rest go under the bridge singing:-
"Dan, Dan, thread the needle\Dan, Dan, sow".
The two that are holding up the bridge catch the last child and ask her which would she rather an apple or an orange, or a gold ring or silver one. If she says the silver one she goes behind the girl that has chosen to take the silver ring. When all the children have said

enjoy to eat as many eggs as they like. On Hallow Eve the children put an apple in a tub of water and duck for it.
On New Years Eve the woman of the house lights a candle on every window of the house.

the houses all dressed up in old clothes the way anybody wouldn't know them.
On the seventheenth of March we keep it as a holiday of Obligation in Ireland in honour of St. Patrick for it was he who brought the Ture Faith to this country. He got a Shamrock from under his feet and he explained to the people that there were three branches in one stem just as there are three persons in one God.
On Shrove Sunday the people make pancakes and put a ring in them so that the person that would get the ring would be married first. Ash Wednesday

done the same and freed Ireland.

After a few minutes the rushes would be taken up from the pan and put into a wooden candlestick and lit. Those candlesticks used to be renewed very often because they would not last long. This kind of candle was chiefly used for looking into pots and for showing the people to bed.

I
On the first of July in the year 83
First commenced the career of our worthy J.P.
May the dew drops of eaven
Descend from the sky
And pour blessings on the crown of Killorglin's brave boy
He is the captain of those Rangers
That are famed for their skill.
But none can surpass
The young youth from Brookhill.
II
He has thirty first prizes
At home I am told.
And all are composed
Of both silver and gold.
He has won all those prizes
With gallant fair play.
He is the noblest of sons
That stand Kerry to day.
III
When he starts for a race
He will die or fulfill
For victory shall crown
The young youth from Brookhill.

they fought and often at Church gates.
The chief fighting men were the Shehans, and the Dalys who were opposed by the Hickeys of Mount Cain and Conny Murphy of Coom. It was man the unfortunate man who was badly wounded and often killed but now there is an end to these troublesome days.

happy with all the treasures he had got. On his way home he met two poor women with sticks. He said to them that he would give them five shillings each if the beat his bag that the devil was in it. The two women did it and and they got their pay. Then the soldier went his way. After a while he saw two men beating an axle of a cart with two sledges. The soldier asked them to beat his bag that the devil was in it and he would give them half a crown and some tobbacco. The two men did it and they got their pay. They went beating the axle again but a spark flew from the axle and burnt a small hole in the bag and the devil jumped out and went like lightning. Years passed by and the soldier died and he was supposed to go to hell. When the devil saw him

the bag would never come out of it. Then he disappeared as before. The day after the soldier went straight to the hill and there he saw the man standing. The soldier said good-bye to him and then he saw him disappearing in the clouds of heaven. Then when the soldier turned round to go home suddenly he saw the devil standing there before him. He said to the soldier, "You knelt here and said that the devil may have you if, when you got broke in the three farms of land so now I have you". Then the soldier said that he believed he could do great things. He asked the devil could he make himself as small as he would fit in the magic bag. The devil said that he could so he jumped into the bag out of which he never could come. Then the soldier was

began to talk to the soldier and he stood up on the floor and he told the soldier his story. He said that he evicted three widows out off their holdings, "and until I have them paid back by doing penence for them I will not go to hevan", he said. Then he jumped into the coffin and he disappeared. He came again the next night and he told the soldier that his penence was coming to an end. He told him to come to the very same hill that the soldier knelt on two days before and he would see him disappearing in the clouds two days after. Then he disappeared as before. The next night the man came and gave a magic bag and a magic pack of cards. He said whatever these would play it would be won even if was a thousand pounds and he said whatever would go into

wife and children. The man knew what he was and said that he was the very man he wanted. Then the man said that he had a castle at the back of the house and that it was haunted. He said that he would give the soldier a hundred pounds and his supper and bed and breakfast and a story book to read every night if he stayed three nights in the castle. The soldier said that he would. That night at twelve o'clock the soldier heard great noise up on the top story. Then he saw three big men coming down stairs with a coffin on their shoulders. They left the coffin down by the fire and they went again. Then the soldier opened the coffin and he saw a man in it. He took him out of the coffin and he warmed him by the fire and then the man began to stir. Then he

The people set the potatoes in February and March. First they manure the ground. Then they plough it with a plough and two horses. Some people set the potatoes under the plough. The time of the setting of the potatoes is the busiest time of the year. A fortnight before, the women are cutting the seed.
Long ago people sat them in 'báltaís' and they do so in some places yet. The first ploughs made were timber ploughs, and it was the carpenter that made them. The smith put a piece of steel in front of them to prevent them from wearing.
They manured the ground with sea-weed. They drew it with donkey and hampers. One night a man was going up

Oh! the river shannon is flowing and the three-leaf shamrock is growing
Where I am my heart is ever going to my Irish rose.
And the moment that I'll meet her with a loving hug and kiss I'll greet her.
For there is not a colleen sweeter where the river Shannon flows
I will miss the fairs and dances
and their colleens pretty glances
around the fire in dear old Erin's Isle.

Molly was a racer, and famous in her day.
She was well bred from head to heal,
In temper and in mind.
Many the race she ever ran, and many the race she won.
But now dearest Molly, Now I am nearly done.
I dismissed poor doctor Heneghan
Made Paddy McGrath poor.
And it was my whole intention

Sugán chairs are very soft and comfortable to sit on. Very few sugán chairs may be seen in any house now but it was all of them that were there in the olden times.

The cuckoo, the starling and the swallows migrate. The wren builds her nest in a mossy bank or in branches or roots of ivy. It is domed at the top and has a small hole in the side in which the wren enters. it contains from ten to twelve eggs.
The blackbird builds her nest on the branch of a tree or on a furze bush. She lays four or five eggs. The colour of the eggs is white with blue spots on them.

One day in the Famine Times a poor man went into the house of Dan Foley, Leamnaguilea, parish of Ballyhar, Co Kerry. In a vessel in the kitchen floor there was a mash prepared for pigs. The poor man went to this vessel and ate some of the mash. Then he went out to the haggard and died.
This district (Leamnaguilea, parish of Ballyhar, Co Kerry) was thickly populated before the Famine. People still point out the sites of the old dwellings.

on a stone to pray. While on his knees he fell asleep. After 600 years he returned to the monastery but the monks who were there then did not know him. The impression of his knees and elbows were left on the stone. Up to sixty years ago people used go on a pilgrimage to the place where the stone is. They used to pay a round before sunrise on a morning in June. Many people imagined they were in the better of performing it. The monks name was "Mo Coda".
The seventh son of a family was said to have healing powers. The patient used to lie on the ground on his stomach and then the seventh son used to walk on his back. This was supposed to cure backache.
When a child loses a tooth at the present time he makes the sign of the cross with it and then throws it back over his head. This is done so that a new tooth would grow instead of the one which had fallen out.
Up to the present time in this

Raw potatoes were used to ease the pain caused by a burn. First the potato was scraped into small particles by means of a "scraper". Then it was applied to the burn and held in place by means of a bandage of cotton. The scraper was made by perforating a piece of tin with a nail. A poultice of fresh cowdung was applied to a place affected by a "blast". When a bone was diseased a person was said to be suffering from a "blast".
Up to sixty years ago people suffering from any ailment used to go to a well in Rusheen in the parish of Firies, Co. Kerry. They used to rub the water of this well to any part of the body which was affected.
In Lord Kenmare's demesne, Killarney, there is a stone called "Cloc mo Coda". The following stoey is told in connection with it. A monk from the monastery at Innisfallen strolled to Lord Kenmare's demesne one day. While there the bell for matins rang and the monk knelt

water in it.
"Páirc a' leasa" is the name of a field in Timothy Dayl's farm, Leamnaguilea, parish of Ballyhar, Co. Kerry. It is called by this name because there is a "lios" or fort in it.

Up to sixty years ago biotar and buachalán na h-eascaine were herbs used in this district (Gowlane, parish of Firies, Co. Kerry) to effect cures. The latter was used to burst biles. It used to be pounded, and boiled in water. Then a poultice of it was applied to the bile.

and ashes. In olden times the people made great use out of the butter milk. Sometimes the people made porridge out of the butter milk. Often the people made cakes out of the butter milk and other times the people drank the most of the butter milk. Here is a saying that the people have about churning that is Long churning makes bad butter.

The other boy followed her with his horse, hound and hawk.
He came to the same house and to make a long story short the woman came to the same house and gave him the ribs to tie the animals. He put the ribs into his back pocket. In like manner she went to murder him. The horse, hound, and hawk came to his aid. The boy told her to get his brother or he would kill her. The witch went to the place where she buried him and brought him to life again. The boys killed her and went home to their comrade.

at that stone and how it is shaped.

A= Nothing.

divided it with his friend Michael Mulligan who told him about it.

There is a hill in Meanus near Killorglin which has a very peculiar shape like that of a cup turned upside down. It is called Cnocán Árd Dearg, and it is said that a woman carried it in her apron from Currens, and let it fall there. There is a hole in Currens from where it is said the hill was taken.

We gathered all our sons of rest,
And to Skelligs we sailed away,
We had Lord oShea at the helm boys,
So glorious and so gay.
We had Bunker and his fiddle, boys,
A glorious sight to see,
A pint of porter in his fist,
And his claw hammer floating free.As I arrived in Skelligs,
Who should I spy in the flock,
But Burns and his two long legs,
And he climbing up the rock.
And when he reached the top, me boys,
He burst out into tears

There was parson in Milltown once and he hated the Catholics and priests. Protestants boys stole wool from the Catholics and hid it in the parson's house. Those whom the wool was stolen from were looking for it and they told the priest and he gave a sermon one Sunday and said that he would find out the thieves. The day of the wren and a group of boys went into the Parson's house and saw the wool. Next Sunday the priest told the people and the Parson heard it and he was angry. He waited himself and a crowd of Protestants to attack the priest. The priest was coming from Liostroy and he passed by and the Parson never saw him. When the parson heard the priest had gone, he went into Larkins and hanged himself. He was

About two miles from this school there is an old church called Cillín Marbh. This church was surrounded with a big wood.
Long ago there was a fairy woman seen in this church. If people passed that church after sun-set she would kill them. She had a long black hand. If she tutched you with the black hand you would die. All the people were afraid of her.
So one nigth there wsa a big party in Clough Ballie Mór

Reentrish called "Caribal". There is a dance held there every Sunday. There are other crosses called "The Ballydonegan Cross", "the Killogue Cross", "the North Allihies Cross" and the South Allihies Cross.

milk or butter on that day. On St. John's night the people light bonfires and drive the cows past them.
On the feast of the Assumption there are sports held in Allihies. On November's night the young people have great fun. They get a bag of apples and a tub of water. They put some of the apples into the tub and try to get them out with their mouths. On New Year's Eve at twelve o' clock the Allihies Fife an Drum Band plays the National Anthem.

There are names in many of the roads in this parish. There is a road leading from Cahermeelaboeto Cluin called "The

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happy ever afterwards.

could'nt lift it either. Then the farmer had to call his servants. When the setrvants came they lifted up the barrel and what was under it but a heap of butter.

mother got into a rage and beat him well. She hunted him away and he wandered away till he came to a graveyard and it was raining hard. He saw a headstone and he put his coat around it. Suddenly he saw a man rising up out of a grave and the man spoke to him and said "I will give you a large sum of money that I have buried here near my grave if you don't tell any one where you got it. Jack promised faithfully that he would not. He got the money and lived happy ever afterwards.

bog. There are not much woods around this district except Geevagh wood and Highwood. There are no songs sung about this district.

There are no crosses in this district but there are standing stones in the district. They are to be found in Batt Donough's field in Knockduff. There are no ornamental stones in the parish. There are two stones in Gortnacreha and there is writing on them. They are supposed to be thrown by Finn Mac Cumhail from Mushera mountain and there is the print of fingers on one of them. I do not know who is buried there but it was found by a man that was ploughing the field. A big cairn and a small cairn can be seen from this district on Mushera mountain.

My uncle saw a marten-cat in Killoneahan. He was nearly as big as a fox. he was brown and white underneath.

by large wooden spades, packed in 56lb. pyramid boxes whose interior are waxed and lined with pure vegetable parchment. The boxes when packed are branded with the number of the churning and the date, and placed in a Chilling Room or Cold Store on the premises to await dispatch as and when sold, the principal markets being in Britain.
The milk received at the Creamery is paid for monthly, according to quality, and it is in the interest of suppliers an the Creamery alike that the richest quality milk possible is supplied in good sweet condition.
The supply of milk is heaviest in June, 3,000 gallons per day being supplied in the peak season.

The name of my townland is Carrowmaclenany, there is only one family living in it at the present time. Another family was living here up to some time ago when they removed to another townland, Abbeyfield. The houses are slated with galvanised out offices.
The land is most pasture land and is very rich. The poor boggy land is seen.

Most of thte marriages in Ireland take place during Shrove. All during Shrove there are continual rumours of match-making. Many marriages take place on Shrove Tuesday. Then they have great feasting and rejoicing on the night which is called "Pancake Night".
There is an old custom of throwing rice on married couples. Old shoes and boots are thrown out along the road which the wedding procession is to pass to express good luck.
There is an old saying. It is said it is very unlucky to get married in August or May. "Marry in August

tackled the donkey and drove into the graveyard. He filled in in a cart full of the boards and came away towards the graveyard gate. The donkey fell dead at the gate. He got another donkey donkey and brought the firing into his wife who put the boards on the fire. She put the kettle on the but no sooner had she done so than it was put on the dresser and heard all the voices around the house. The woman sent for the priest who said mass in the house and if the voices would not the house should be burned.

About sixty years ago Magners of Shanballymore Mallow Co Cork were not able to make any butter. So some one said to Rob Magner to go to Biddy Early who was living in Co Clare. So one night he started off in horseback. He made inquiries along the road and early in the morning he came to Biddy Early's cabin. She saw him coming and came to the door and said to him "Muise glory Rob Magner from Shanballymore what brought you so early in the morning. He started off tellig her his story. When he was finished Biddy said "Muise Rob you dasant man. Tomorrow morning get up at a certain time and go out

in the fields and you will see a neighbouring man passing through the fields with a bee hive under his arm. Rob did so and next morning he saw the man walking across the fields with a bee hive under his arm.

high jump. The cross-bar lay at 5'10". Ryan called on his boys to stand aside, and still holding the cumbersome scythe in his hand, and wearing heavy hob-nailed boots, he ran at the jump and cleared it

serve as eyes and a large slit to serve as a mouth.
This was placed on a lonely wall or fence at night, with a lighting stump of candle inside, and it presented a truly weird spectacle, which frightened passers-by.

On the S.E. side of the lake are Giant's Graves 16 feet.8inches long, 5ft. 5ins wide and two feet over the surface. The sides are formed by 8 flagstones on edge and covered by four flagstones, some of them three tons in weight. At the head or west of this grave is part or continuance of a second, two of the sidestones are still standing and one has lately come down. The two middle flagstones of the "leaba" are somewhat displaced, the end of one of them having fallen in or rather were so removed by some sormer occupier of the land to prevent some objectional female from resorting to it.

Long ago the "Bean a'Tighe" sat one day upon her seat having come up from the depths of the lake: she sat upon the seat and combed her hair with her golden comb which she placed beside her when the work was done, and then the "Bean a Tighe" slept. High above the seat is the hill on which stood the

When first I heard from Charley Hayes
Of Garretts Midnight Ride.

house, but he saw a horn hanging on the wall. He blew it thinking he would have a fine dinner, but it was a fine dinner of frogs, he got. He went into another room, where he found soldiers sleeping round a table. He saw a sword hanging up on the wall and he drew it out of its place and all the soldiers awoke. Just then the little man appeared and gave him a purse of gold. The man remembered no more until he woke up at the brow of the lake. The first thing he thought of was his purse. He found it, but lo, it was full of furze blossoms.

Once upon a time a famer near Herbertstown who has a couple of farms. He gave one to his brother. His brother has a lot of money hidden in a hole in the ground. His coach driver killed him and buried him at the back of the house. After a time nobody could stay in the house only for one night because they found it was haunted. The farmer saidhe would give ten pounds to any person that would stay in the house for a week. A man decided

There are a great many roads, most of them bye-roads. The main road in the district is that known the Templemore-Dunkerrin road. On this there are Gurteen Cross, the Wood Cross, Montore Cross,and Carty's Cross. On this road also there are two "milestones"; one a quarter of a mile South of this school, and the other three quarters of a mile North of this school. We could not find out when or how this road was made.
At Gurteen Cross, one road leads West to Borrisnoe, and another East to Clonakenny. At the second Cross a road leads east also to Clonakenny. At Montore cross, a road leads north west to Moneygall. Carty's cross comes next and at this point one road leads north west, through the hilly country of Rathnavoggue, and another leads south west, to meet the Montore-Moneygall road, at a spot known as the "fourteen

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Marriages generally take place during Shrove but now they take place all the year round.
May is said to be an unlucky month for weddings but of course that is never observed nowadays but in out district nobody gets married on Friday.
Matches are also made in out-of-the-way place and money is given as a fortune.
The bride is always late on her wedding day. Sometine people are married in their own houses.

the Harringtons, but they say most of them went to the war and were killed there.
Quite a number of pedlars still call round here. The best known is "Alick" who is a great favourite. Another is an old man who mends umbrellas and sells camphor. We do not know his exact name but people call him "the geese in the Bog".
Some time ago, a nice old woman from Macroom used visit this place once a week. She was called "Weekly".
There was another man called "Jerry from Skibereen".

You had the gossip of the whole country whenever one of these travellers called. They were regarded almost as members of the damily long ago when they used lodge fir the night, in certain houses. Each one had his own particular house to call to.

hit them with the stick and killed four of them, but the rest ran away. The farmer came then to see what was wrong. "You know very well whats wrong" said the tailor "You put all the dogs into my room to kill me" "I did not" said the farmer getting afraid and tried to get out the door. But the tailor caught him by the throat and began to choke him. "I will give you £50 if you let me go" said the farmer "Give me a £100 and I will let you go" said the tailor. "I will not" said the farmer. The tailor began to squeeze harder "I will give you the £100 he said". The tailor let go and the farmer hit him a wallop and stunned him. When he came to he was tied up in a room. Then the farmer came in and told him that he would be killed in two nights time. When the two nights passed the

brought him to a field that was full of stones. And he told the tailor to pick them. He started picking and when it was getting dark he had them all picked. The nthe farmer brought him in and gave him his supper. After that the tailor went to bed. That night he dream't that he was getting eaten by big dogs. And at last he could it no longer and he went out to sleep in the loft. About half an hour later he heard a awful noise in the room where he had been sleeping. The tailor put on his clothes and got a big stick and went down to see what the noise was. When he looked in he saw six or seven big dogs pulling the bed to bits. The dogs heard him and they ran at him but he jumped up into the loft and as the dogs tried to follow him he

There once lived a tailor who used to make very bad clothes so he usen't to do much trade. His clothes got worse and at last he had to close down for nobody gave him any clothes to make. He had to sell his things to pay the rent. So he said to himself that it would be better to get work somewhere. One fine morning he started off and brought a little money with him. He was walking for the whole day but he got no work. And at last when night was coming he came to a farm and asked the farmer could he sleep there. The farmer said that he'd give him his supper and let him sleep in the house but he would have to work the next day. The tailor said all right. Next morning he got up and took his breakfast and after he had his breakfast finished the farmer

On Hallowe'en the woman of the house bakes a cake and puts a ring, a rag, pea and bean into it. If a pair were going to be married two grains of wheat would be put on the shovel and placed on the fire. If the grains jumped away from one another they would not get married and if they stayed together they would be married.
On New Year's Day the woman of the house baked a cake and struck it against the door saying that this may banish hunger for the next twelve months. This custom do not exist now.

Long ago hunts were held in Kerry, and beagles and horses were kept for the purposes. One night a horn was heard sound. The beagles. The beagles tried to get out and the owner had

An old ivy clad ruin is to be seen at Ardcrome. It was once a monastery and from it Ardcrome got its name the hill of the Rosary". About three hundred years ago Mass

One day a boy went into a barber for a hair-cut and a shampoo. The barber gave the boy his shampoo and hair-cut. When he had finished he charged him 2 shillings. The barber was annoyed with flies in his house. He asked the boy had he anything to banish them. "I have" said he if you give me my two shillings I will tell you. The barber gave him the two shillings. The boy said if you catch the flies give each of them a shampoo and

for him. The giant raised it on his back and brought it along with towards Jack's country. Then he said this his half the way when was gone about ten miles so he left it down and where did he leave but down within ten yards of Jack's house. Jack told the giant that he could be going home. So Jack and his mother spent the rest of the day bringing it in, in ass-carts.

highest tree in England". The trees were found and they were hanged. The judje asked Paddy what tree would he be hanged on; so Paddy said that he would be hang on a goose-berry bush. The judje said that a goose-berry bush was'nt big enough or strong enough so Paddy said "I will wait till it grows and gets strong I am in no hurry.Once upon a time there were three men walking the roads of England. Those three men were from three different countries, one an Englishman, one an Irish man and one a Scotchman. Those three men were out of work all year and they had not much money because they had to buy all their food and to buy a bed to sleep in. One day the three men were out looking for work but they got

was as crooked as a ram's horn so he won his pound.One day a boy was brought into court for breaking a plate glass window with a stone. The judje asked the boy was the stone as big as his fist "No " said the boy, "was it as big as my two fists". "No" said the boy. "Was it as big as my head" "Yes" said the boy "but not as thick".Once Paddy the Irishman and the Englishman and the Scotchman were brought into court for committing a crime and the sentence of death was passed on them. Then the judje said that they could pick any tree in England, Ireland, or Scotmand to be hung on. He asked the Scotchman and he said "the highest tree in Scotland". He asked the Englishman and he said "The

Years ago there was a Relieving Officer who was accustomed to be out late at night as he had to visit poor people who lived in remote places and considerable distances from the few public roads which then existed. One night he called

the tale.
When the "invisible" gripped him for the third time (the others were now dead) his dead wife appeared in the room clothed in white and immediately she threw out her hands he felt the grip on his arms relax but he became unconcious.
Rathmore road was haunted until the arrival of the Cistercian Monks from France. They are credited with banishing evil spirits from Rathmore House (where Colonel Cronin lived) and district.

About fifty five years ago a great ship called the "Bohamia" was wrecked by the Heads near Bird ISlad. It was on a journey from Montreal to Cobh and contained a general cargo, apples, meat, and flour. All the crew were able to save their lives as they were good swimmers.
Hundreds of pounds worth of flour, meat and apples were found all along the shore in Drishane and the neighbouring districts.

Mullyash Mountain Road and is near Cross Road. it is about seven miles from Castleblayney.
Joe Hunter's forge is put up with stones and mortar. The roof is part made of zinc and part of slate.There is a big pair of bellows inside and one fire of slake coal.
There is a hob on each side of the fire which is about a foot from the ground.
The door is an ordinary door only it opens in two halves the lower half and the bottom open separately.
The side of the bellows are made of wood and the part that expands is made of leather.
They are worked by a large wooden handle coming down from the roof.
They were made locally. The red irons are very dangerous if they would burn you they would start poison . The tools that a smith uses are a hammer,

On our farm we grow potatoes. We plant about one acre of potatoes every year. The amount is very variable. Our Father prepares the ground. He ploughs it, harrows it. It is not manured in any way.
The potatoes are sown in drills with a drill plough. Then he draws out the manure in carts. The potatoes before being sown are cut into pieces with a knife and there must be a bud in each piece. A plough is used instead

a quart of water for a few minuets was a cure for fits.Camomile flowers and poppy nobs were a great remedy for pains and swelling of almost every kind.
It was used in this way. Boil three poppy nobs in three half pints of water slowly for 10 or 15 minutes then empty the boiling liquid on an ounce of Camomile flowers. It is then ready for use. Bathe the painful or swollen parts with the hot liquid.
Dandelions, dock weeds, she thistles were given to pigs. Young thistles before they were grown too strong were given to sows. Indian Meal gruel was poured over them. Boiled chopped up nettles were given to turkeys.
Pounded young whins are good for milk cows. They were pounded.
Herbs were largely used as medicine long ago.

answer.
There was one old man in particular who had a very intelligent daughter, and when he went home he could not drink his tea he was so distracted. His daughter asked him what was the matter and he told her the story. She told him to sit down to his tea that she had the answer. When he had his tea got she told him that wisdom was older than the mist. He went out to work next morning and there was not anyone present but himself.
At three o'clock in the afternoon the gentleman came to him and asked him what was older than the mist. The man asked him who told him and he said it was his daughter and the gentleman said that she must be very clever and he said that he would go home with him to see her. The gentleman went home with him in the afternoon.

Once upon a time there was a great Lord who lived over in the west of Ireland. He had one son and when he was twenty years his father died. He left him all his estate. His father had a good few men working for him. When this young man got the money he used to go over to London on his holidays and used to spend the most part of the money because he was very fond of spending. He was getting very poor and he did not like to sack any of the men his father had under him and he contrived of a plan to dismiss them and he asked them what was older than the mist and any of them could not answer him. He told them not to come to work next morning if they had not the

who knew Irish used to teach the children at home. They had copies to write on and carried them under their caps and carried them home the same way for fear they would get wet. Some of the children took off their caps and others left them on during school.
They called the Irish cramp Irish. The seats they had were made of sods of turf and flags and the rest made of timber. There was no certain time for children to come to school. They could go at any age at all or no certain time for school hours.
They had blackboards and chalk. Rods were used as canes. The master used not punish the children but only at rare times.
The master taught the children who wanted to sing in the choir. The children brought their turf on the ass and creels.

Some of the old houses were made with "scraws" and thatched with sedge. There were no windows in those sod houses and the door was about two feet high and one foot wide. Those houses had not any room, only a kitchen. More of them were made from stone with no mortar or lime. Those containted but a room and a kitchen. The windows were very small and had four panes of glass each about the size of the palm of your hand. There used to be a bag put over them at night.
Those houses were usually built in hollows. They were put there as they thought they would be sheltered from all winter storms. Instead of that when the storm came those who were in the hollows got more than those who were on the tops of the hills.
The thatch was got from cíb and sedge.

Some of the old houses were made with "scraws" and thatched with sedge. There were no windows in those sod houses and the door was about two feet high and one foot wide. Those houses had not any room, only a kitchen. More of them were made from stone with no mortar or lime. Those containted but a room and a kitchen. The windows were very small and had four panes of glass each about the size of the palm of your hand. There used to be a bag put over them at night.
Those houses were usually built in hollows. They were put there as they thought they would be sheltered from all winter storms. Instead of that when the storm came those who were in the hollows got more than those who were on the tops of the hills.
The thatch was got from cíb and sedge

Doire Ronáin is the name of our village and it got its name from a king who lived there long ago. His name was Ronán. He owned this village and it was called Doire Ronáin in his honour.

the dash is clean the butter is churned. When there is any bits of butter on the dash it is not churned. When the churning is started hot water is poured on it to bring on the butter. If too much water is put on the churn the butter would be very white and scalded. When it is nearly churned a little cold water is put in the churn to help gather the butter.
The butter is taken off the churn into a dish and washed with cold water to take the milk out of it. Then a little salt is mixed through to make it taste well. The butter is made into pounds or prints with butter clappers.
The buttermilk is used for feeding calves pigs and other animals. Sometimes bread is baked with it. it is often used as a drink

We have a wooden churn at home. It is about 2 1/2 feet tall. it is 1 3/4 feet wide at the top and the same at the bottom, it is narrow in the middle and wide at the top and bottom. It is round and has six hoop's on it. It is eight yeas old. There is a lid, dash and a jabbler for the churn.
The butter is made twice each week in Winter and three times each week in Summer. My mother always does the churning herself. When strangers come in they help because it is said that it brings good luck and they think that there will be more butter on the churn. The churning lasts about three quarter's of an hour. The churning is done by hand.The churn dash always moves upwards and downward's through the churn. When

There is a fairy fort in Mr Mc Cague's land, in Capagh, Ballinode. There are trees growing in a circle so close together you could hardly squeeze through them. It has been proved very unlucky to interfere with these trees. it is said that fairies were seen on May eve in olden times dancing inside the circle. Once a man called Boylan cut down one of the trees but it proved very unlucky as misfortune after misfortune happened him. His cattle died and business which he tried to do went wrong and to add to his troubles his wife died. His eldest brother returning from America and seeing his brothers unhappy state, told him that his interference with the tree was the cause of all his troubles.

till he came to a roomfull of precious stones where a king sat. The blackbird went and found what the magpie had said. He first came to a roomfull of silver but did as he was told and did not touch it. He then came to a room full of gold and could not pass it. He tried grab as much as he could carry. But as he touched it a demon appeared blowing black smoke from his nostrils. The blackbird flew away but he smoke blackened is body and the yellow from the gold made his beak yellow.
When there has been dry weather for a long time the peewit can be heard calling peet, peet. This is supposed to mean drink.
The partridge is supposed to have got his whistle from the tortoise. It is said the partridge asked the tortoise to lend him his whistle and flew with it to the top of a tree.

in the room. When the little man saw him he gripped the poker. When the little saw him reaching for the half loaf he tightened his grip on the poker and roared out, "If you touch that bread I'll brain you with the poker". When the man heard this he looked up and spoke to the little man and said to him "You are the first man to talk to me for a long time". He told him then to follow and the little man followed him. Reaching a wall the man with the cloak reached out his hand and pulled a stone from the wall. He exposed a hole and he took out of it a crock of gold and a towel. He gave them to the little man. He told him that when he ever wanted food or drink he need only spread the towel on the ground and say "Towel do your duty" and it would be filled with anything he wanted. The little man thanked him and he (the man with the cloak) disappeared.
The morning came and the little man went forth to the landlord and claimed the £1000. The landlord grumbled but at last gave it to him. The little man distributed the £1000 among the poor people of the district saying that he had enough in the crock of gold.
He went his way and the towel served him

Long ago in the west of Ireland and old castle was situated. The people of the district said that it was haunted and the people that lived in the castle left it. The landlord who owned it said that he would give a £1000 to the man that would spend the night in the Castle and be alive in the morning. No one succeeded. At last a little man from Tipperary heard about it and he went to the landlord and said he would do it.
That night he got a can of tea a loaf of brown bread and butter and he went into the castle. He made a big fire in the fireplace and he ate half the loaf. Midnight came and the little man nearly fell asleep by the side of the fire. Suddenly he heard a clanking of chains coming down the stairs and a big man with a cloak and chains hanging from him appeared in

wood and shape it like a doll, and another round piece of wood for the head. Then four small sticks or matches are provided for the legs and hands. Then they make a nice dress for the doll, to make her look pretty.
Boys are very fond of making toys. They make a threshing engine with a tin box, four covers of polish boxes for wheels, and then they make the thresher with a timber box.
This is the way to make a top. Get a piece of timber and shape it round; then put a nail in the middle of the timber, and paint the top with different colours. Some boys make tops out of nuts and put a nail in the middle of the nut.
Boys are very fond of making cages and traps. This is the way to make a cage. Get twigs and out them all together, then get a piece of timber for the door, and a little bit of wire to hang up the cage.

Among the many choice gifts which God has enriched this world, we shall find none more beautiful than birds. They are of endless variety and of various colours.
The wild birds commonly found in my district are - robins, wrens, tits, sparrows, linnets, finches, yellow-hammers, larks, wagtails, redpolls, whinchat, warblers, swallows, swifts, thrushes, jackdaws, blackbirds, fieldfares, redwings, magpies, pigeons, kestrels, rooks, lapwings, cuckoos, snipe, moor-hens, gulls, curlews, starlings, and ravens. All the foregoing birds live in this country all the year round; except five. Three of them, the swallow, swift, and cuckoo, come to us, in the spring from the warm southern countries, where they have wintered, spend the summer with us, and then returning to the warmer countries, coming back the next spring, with the most unfailing instinct, to the same place. The redwing and fieldfare do things just he opposite. Their real home is in Scaninavia, but since it grows terribly cold in Norway and Sweden in winter, they fly across the

The name of the where I live is Carhue. It is a fairly large townland. it is in the parish of Killowen and it is in the Barony of Killanmeaky.
The names of the farmers that live at Carhue are Stanleys, Goods, Batemans, Jennings, Loanes, Seburys, Aherns, and Learys.
There is a forge at Carhue where two blacksmiths work and it is called Carhue forge. There is a population of about 100 people. There are ten labourers' houses where the labourers live, besides the eight farmers' houses inthe townland of Carhue. A part of the Dunmanway road passes through this townland. Carhue is about five miles from Bandon.
All the dwelling houses in the townland of Carhue are covered with slates. The language that is spoken is English. The Irish language is spoken very little in the

The townland in which my home is situated is Kilbrogan. Its position is north-east of Bandon town and it is very good grazing and agricultural land. The farms in it are fairly large, with and average of about fifty acres.
The family surnames in Kilbrogan now are, Spillane, Morgan, Mac Grath, Duggan, Donovan, Keefe, Mahoney, Jones, Buckley, Murphy, O'Rourke, Hurley, Foley, and the Protestant minister of Kilbrogan (Rev. A. Mac Connell). The townland of Kilbrogan is not very large, but the population of it is about eighty people.
The people who have resided in Kilbrogan for the past hundred years are, Spillane, Duggan, Donovan, Foley, Buckley, and Hurley.
All the dwelling houses are modern ones and are all slated. The out-houses are mostly all slated too, with an exception of few that are covered

Every boy and girl likes to get some toys to play with. They usually make them themselves if they have spare time. Long ago there were not many toys, compared to nowadays.
Girls make dolls and necklaces. Boys make tops, engines, cages and traps.
Girls make the necklaces out of beads and daisies. They get different coloured beads and string them in together. Then they get a bunch of daisies, and put a little hole at the end of the flower, and then put another flower in the hole.
They also make necklace's out of chestnuts. They put a hole through the chestnut, and then they put a piece of string through the hole. When they have enough chestnuts on the string, it is knotted.
Children are very fond of making dolls. They get a piece of

tooth. The iodine will deaden the pain, and leave patient in comparative comfort until the dentist's aid can be obtained. To relieve burns or scalds, rub the affected part with a raw potato; or bathe the injured part with cold tea until pain has gone. To cure a hiccough take a half teaspoonful of soft sugar in a teaspoonful of vinegar. This gives speedy relief. A good cure for corns is, soak some bread in vinegar for a few days, then put a small piece on the corn every night, binding with a piece of clean rag. Every third day, soak the feet in hot water and remove a layer of the corn. Continue treatment until corn vanishes. A sure cure for an earache, put a pinch of pepper into a piece of cotton-wool. Screw up into a ball, dip them into olive oil and insert into the ear. The oil breaks up the layer of pepper and causes a good heat. When seized with cramp in the legs in bed, the sufferer should press his heels into the bed as hard as possible and relief will be obtained.
There are two holy wells in the vicinity of Bandon town. One is at Ballinadee and the other in Kilbrogan Park.

The cure for a nettle sting is to get a dock leaf and put it up to the sting.
The cure for wasp stings is to get a piece of blue and rub it to the sting.
The best cure for boils is a poultice of linseed meal.
There are certain wells around Bandon, in which there are supposed to be cures. The name of one of these wells is "Tobar na Súl" or the well for the eyes. Tobar na Súl is situated in a field neat Baldwin's Bridge. People bathe their eyes in this well, and it is supposed to cure them.
There is also a surfeit well, around Bandon. It is situated in a big field near Rathrout. People come to this well, and drink the water, to cure stomach trouble. Some people take a bottle of this water home with them for other invalids. When people want this water, they take a button or a penny with them, and put it in the well instead of the water.
Long ago there were not

There are many local remedies used for toothaches, headaches, cuts, sore throats, warts, nettle stings, wasp stings, boils and sore eyes.
The cure for toothaches long ago was to rub pepper and salt to the tooth, and this treatment generally eased the pain.
The cure for headaches was to get a piece of brown paper, and pour some vinegar on it, and put it up to the forehead for a few minutes.
In olden times there were many ways of curing cuts. This is one way:- The people used to get seaweed and rub it to the cuts.
The cure for sore throats in olden days was a very common plant known as ragweed or "yellow boy". They also used salt and water as a gargle, which was very good.
The cure for warts is to get dandelions or wood-spurge, and squeeze the milky juice upon the wart.

Lissaphooca is the name of the townland in which I live which means the fort of the fairies.
It is a very large townland. There are seven farmers living in it. We have the largest farm in it which contains one hundred and thirty acres. It is situated two miles to the south of the town of Bandon, on the top of Ardnagearra Hill which means "the hill of the berries". It is between the two main roads from Bandon to Kilbrittain. There is plentiful supply of water all the year round. There are two spring wells which never dry even in the driest summers. We have rivers bounding on the north and east side of the land.
There is a large flat square stone in a bog which had two holes in it and when water comes in them it is said to cure warts. It is one field north of our house.

them and asked them where they were coming from, and they told her. She said that one of the girls should come with her. They ran as fast as they could and just before they reached their houses she came in front of them again. And she took one of the girls with her and she told the other girl that she would not go to a cross road dance anymore.
The girl she took was never heard of again. And the other girl died a few weeks after that.

Once two men were coming home from a

coob and started to crow and walked up to the fire and picked out the bit of timber, it was then the man thought of his promise and he went off quickly to the church-yard with the coffin. The neighbour stayed there that night, because they were afraid to go home.

One night two girls were going home from a dance at a cross-roads and they took a short cut home through the fields. There was a fort in one of the fields and they were afraid to pass it for it is said that there used to be music heard in it. They were just going back when a lady dressed in white came out to

Not very far from my Parish of Croom there is a large hill called Knockfierna on which grows a very poisonous plant called Lus-mor or in English the Foxglove. In summer it bears a red flower in the shape of a thimble.
This poisonous herb has a certain healing power, but as it believed to belong to the fairies it is not right to interfere with it. The following story is told in connection with it.
A certain man pulled this plant and brought it to a woman. This woman gave it to a person who was very ill although she was cautioned not to do so, or that if she did she would lose wither her husband or one of her family. However she gave it and in a short time her husband got very ill and died.
The decendants of this person are well known in the locality at present and they say the story is quite true.

There is only one well in our Parish of Croom. It is in a field called the Well Meadow. Its water is used for all household purposes but on the 15th August the Feast of the Assumption every year people pay rounds there. Candles are kept lighting there all day on that Feast day. There is a legend connected with this well.
Long ago there was a silver trout in the well and whoever was to be cured saw this fish , but it is said that a certain man caught the fish and cooked it and he died in the Asylum afterwards. Since then the well.
the well has been covered in with large flagstones and the water comes through a spout. Invalids and people go to the well and drink the water and rub it to the affected part. There are no relics left at this well as it is mostly sore eyes that are cured there. There

is no bush or tree beside the well but once two trees grew there one on either side. The people decorated these trees with candles and ribbons on the Feast day but a storm uprooted the trees and now nothing is to be seen at the well.

The people of this district believe that some days are much luckier than others on which to begin work.
They believe that Friday is the most lucky day of the week for beginning any work. They say that any work begun on Saturday will never be finished. I know a house about half-a-mile from where I live. The foundation of this house was laid on Saturday. This house was begun years ago and has not yet been finished and I suppose never will be.

after his back until he came to a poor man's little cabin way only for a donkey's car leading to the door. jack hit the door with the heal of his shoe, the man of the house got up and left him in and he stayed until morning. When morning came he went home and told what happened. Since it is told by old people from time to time.
Six months after that Jack was found dead near his own mansion. It was said she was watching him.

Every year my brother sets an acre of potatoes which is given to the pigs and for household use some for seed. Sometimes there is a good supply. The preparations for it is made by cutting the rushes off the field. Nowaday's there is a Tillage Scheme for any man who tills his land and a grant of five pound is given to him. My brother got it this year. he had to dig a long drain in the centre of the field which is called the Main drain. He had to dig four or five small ones connecting the large one. After that stones were put at the bottom of it and the scraws which were taken off at first and the rest of the clay was put in until it was all filled up again. This work was all done with the loy. The shaft of it was made by Jack Kerins and the iron was got from the blacksmith who is

His gaiety was short-lived as at the first fence he jumped, he cell and broke his neck. So ended the career of one of the most notorious ruffans who ever disgraced the valley of the Bandon river.
The remainder of the story touches on the supernatural, as it is said by some unaccountable agency he was placed on the saddle and his horse brought him slowly back to Rock Castle and his hounds formed the funeral cortege.
It is stated that no human hands touched Stammers from the time he fell until he was taken from his horse at Rock Castle.

with this gold and silver" Throw it into the fire and say at the same time I renounce the devil and all his works". As soon as she threw it into the fire and said the words the devil came into her present and said "You cannot renounce me. You are mine in spite of priest bishop or Pope. I have the bargain under your hand "In the name of Jesus go away from me" said the widow and when he heard the name he went. The widow went to the priest and told him the story. "I am afraid" said he "that you lost. But I will write to the bishop about you. Go home now and begin doing penance. I will send you a message when I will get an answer from the bishop" When she came home she found her children eating out of a dish which Grainne O left them. But the eldest of them said to her not to put her hand on the dish that was what the lady told them but that when she would be in want of food that they would give it to her. At the end of the week the priest sent for her and said that he got an answer from the bishop to say that he would not be able to have any hand in it until he would get an order from the Pope. But he said "Be doing penance at day and night. At the end of a month after said I had a letter

the stems were always short.
For a wake a box of clay pipes were got. They were handed round at a wake from time to time, or sometimes according as the men came in and said their prayers at the side of the bed where the corpse lay. Each man, according as he got a clay pipe, said "the Lord have mercy on his (or her) soul" or "the Lord have mercy on the dead".
When people hear a bad news they say "God bless the hearers" some add "that it mightn't happen where tis told".
When talking of animals too or gardens or cornfields people say "God bless him (or her or it). Some people even say "God bless it" to such articles of furniture as a bed. A new bed is bought "that's a fine bed God bless it". That is

the stems were always short.
For a wake a ox of clay pipes were got. They were handed round at a wake from time to time, or sometimes according as the men came in and said their prayers at the side of the bed where the corpse lay. Each man, according as he got a clay pipe, said "the Lord have mercy on his (or her) soul" or " the Lord have mercy on the dead".
When people hear a bad news they say "God bless the hearers" some add "that it mightn't happen where tis told".
When talking of animals too or gardens or cornfields people say "God bless him (or her or it). Some people even say "God bless it" to such articles of furniture as a bed. A new bed is bought "that's a fine bed God bless it". That is

and no doctor could cure it. One day the weasel came to the door of the house and he had a green leaf in his mouth. He threw the leaf at the boy's feet and ran away. The boy rubbed the leaf to his foot and it was cured.

Of my lovely Enniskeane.

lands to shoot them and spent their money lavishly.

The snipes are wild brown birds which live in the bogs and marshy places. He is about the size of a black-bird and has a long beak. He does not migrate. He builds his nest near a stream so that the young ones can feed when they come out. The nest is usually built on a bank. When the young ones come out the old one cast the nest into the stream and takes care of them for some time. Not like the other birds they separate when they are able to fly. They feed at night and rest in the day.

To cure toothache redden a piece of wire in the fire, lay it on the tooth and it will burn the pain away.

There is another treasure in Mr Finnan's of Snugboro. This moat is a very historic place as it was the residence of Kings. The treasure consists of valuable vessels. There is said to be a bull minding the treasure.

I want no drink
I am Ryan the poet
And I want my milk.

Comfrey.Comfrey is a tall rough-leaved ditch plant with clusters of whitish or purplish bells.It resembles a parsnip, and it is supposed to be a cure for sprains. Some people say you should scrape the comfrey and apply it raw to the sprains. When the comfrey would fall off the sprain would be cured. Other people say you would get better results by boiling the comfrey before applying it to the sprain.EyebrightEyebright is a small plant with a tiny white flower on it. It is in full bloom in June July and August. Then it is pulled and saved and boiled in milk. This liquid is used as a cure for sore eyes. Many old priests had great faith in it for eye trouble.
Moss which grows on the Mass rock on the mountain is also a good cure for sore eyes.

It is said if a certain number if people go on one of the bridges that are over the Moy in Ballina, the bridge will fall down and float down the Moy.
Another bridge which is situated in Carrowmore, Lacken. It is said that when there is some body under the bridge it will fall and kill who ever is under it.

People never bring a corpse in the front of the houses in Church Village which is situated in Kilcummin, Lacken. It is always the custom to bring the corpse to the back of the houses.
So one night a man who lived in one of these houses heard a corpse passing by the front of

There was a Red Colonel in Castle Lacken, and he was a very bad man. His land was coming down to the strand where the poor people used to cross to Mass they used to have to take off their shoes, and they used to go in on his land to put them on. So when he see that he built a big wall so that they couldnt get in and they had to put them on the strand.
So this day his work men

There is only one tailor in the district and he works in my home. Cloth is stocked, but it is not made locally. The many is known as "Harry the tailor" but his real name is Herbert. He uses; an iron, a basin with water, a damping cloth, a sewing machine, a tape, a pressing table, a clothes stand, a pattern case, a measure, and pipe clay.

After a while they would bring it home and they would mix bran though it for making bread.

and a donkey would twist the pole and the top flag around. The oats would be ground into meal that way. Every house would have a grinding stone.
Long ago they used to make stirabout out of Indian meal. They would put a quart of water in a pot and they would boil it. Then they would put meal down with it. They would mix them and after a while it would be boiled. After a while they would it with bulls milk and sour-chearence.
Some times they would have wheat and they would bring it to the mill in Cunnagher. It is there yet.

three cornered figer with legs. The flour cakes were made on it.
Long ago they used to make boxty out of marked potatoes. They used to have scrapers made of tin for scraping them. They would cut them up very fine. Then they would put milk through it, and they would put it on the griddle. It would be a half hour baking.
They used to bring the corn to a grinding stone. One big flag would be left on the ground and a board round the edge of it. The oats would be left on the flag and an other flag would be left on it. A pole would be out of the side of the top one

three cornered figer with legs. The flour cakes were made on it.
Long ago they used to make boxty out of marked potatoes. They used to have scrapers made of tin for scraping them. They would cut them up very fine. Then they would put milk through it, and they would put it on the griddle. It would be a half hour baking.
They used to bring the corn to a grinding stone. One big flag would be left on the ground and a board round the edge of it. The oats would be left on the flag and an other flag would be left on it. A pole would be out of the side of the top one.

The oaten cake was the only bread used long ago. They used to make it with oaten meal and water.They would put it standing in front of the fire. They would have a sod of turf he hind it also. A person who did not no how to make one would make it on the griddle.
The griddle was a lid on a little stand. The stand was made of iron. It was a

used to make them with oatenmeal also. They used to make boxty also. They used to peel the potatoes and boil them. Then they used to bruise them and put flour through them. Then they used to bake it.

There is one herb used for dying brown. The name of it is the dock. You would get the roots of it and take all the clay of them. Then you would get a cup of water and throw it into a burner. You would put the roots into it also. When they would be boiling a half an hour you would take them up and you could dye anything brown with it.

They are very warm boots for the feet but they are bad for travelling on road or elsewhere.
The clogs are made of Black Alder. Clogs were made in the Island Wood.
Alder grows in wet place.

About forty years ago a ship came into Brandon. Its name was the Port Yorric. It was loaded with copper and it was straying for months on the ocean. The sailors that were in it ran out of food. They had to depend on meat for every meal. At last a storm arose and the ship was blown into Brandon Bay. It was wrecked there and the crew were drowned.
Another boat came in from Fenit to Camp about fifty years ago. There were eight men in it and they went up to Camp and got drunk. It was night fall before they started out for Fenit again. When they were out a bit, they began to fight. They all fell on one side of the boat and upset it. A man by the name of Moore from Brandon went out from Camp strand in a canoe fishing. He had a good deal of fish caught, and he was as far as the Parson's when a shark caught

the driver put on the brakes but when he put them on, the train ran straight and went off the line. It jumped the river and the Engine stuck in a bank. The driver and fireman were killed. The travelling ganger was on the Engine with them. He also was badly hurt and he only lived until he went into Tralee. The most of the pigs were killed but the buyers that owned them were paid by the railway company. The day after an account came out from Tralee that the people take them away.
About a week after the railway people came with another engine to pull it up.They also brought two iron rails. They put them from the bridge to Thomas Gorman's haggard. They tied a rope to the engine on the bridge and it stretched down to the other engine & the engine in the bridge pulled it up.

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in Bunaba mill. The building was all burned. The men who were in side escaped but one man was in an upper story mixing flour. He was going to jump out a window, but the men told him not, that he would get killed, and instead he ran down the stairs against the flames. When he arrived down, his hair was all burnt off, and his face was all burnt too. He got all right again.

A great burning took place about fifty years ago or more

animal on the farm. He is draws the plough and harrow. He draws home the turf in the Summer and brings heavy loads everywhere. The donkey is another very useful animal. People who cannot afford to keep the horse keep a donkey. It is a small animal. The usuall colours for a donkey are black and grey. The donkey has a cross on his back. The animal is seldom put into a house. He draws loads also. The donkey is sometimes called by names such as Neddy, and Jonny. The Goat is a still smaller animal. A Goat gives milk and is not as costly to keep as a Cow. The Goat is usually called by the names Nanny, and Jenny. The Calf is not kept in any particular house. When it is about four months old it is let out in the fields. When the calves are young they are fed twice a day on milk. The calf when one year old is fed on grass till it gets fat. Then it is sold to the butcher. He kills it and sells it as beef and its hide is made into leather. The Sheep is a small animals. It gives us wool every Summer when it is shorn. Clothes is made from the wool.

A man named Tade Daly Renasup Gneeveguilla threw a stone weighing a cwt and a quarter twenty-one feet. Tade Daly and Denis Murphy the smith in Knocknagree had a contest. It was held in the Fair-field, Knocknagree. Tade won it. He was living with his father in Renasup.Patrick Jer Leary of Hollymount, Rathmore was the best runner in this district. He won running contest in Ballydesmond one time.Leary was competing in a walking match with Jer Cronin from Jer Herlihy's kiln to Gleann-tán cross a distance of

A man named Tade Daly Renasup Gneeveguilla threw a stone weighing a cwt and a quarter twenty-one feet. Tade Daly and Denis Murphy the smith in Knocknagree had a contest. It was held in the Fair-field, Knocknagree. Tade won it. He was living with his father in Renasup.

There was once a man named Michael O'Sullivan who lived in Knockancore. He dreamt three nights after each other that he would find a crock of gold in Carraigaphre and a cousin of his dreamt the same thing. They went about twelve o'clock at night and what ever they saw or heard they got sick and died a week after.

Geal mo Cróidhe.

home safely at sunset and continued paying his rent to the landlord.

wind. The hills seem near and they throw a shadow in the water before rain. If a fog falls before the sun goes down it is a sign of good weather but if it falls in the morning it is a sign of rain. When the whirlwind rises the dust off the road or when a motor passes and leaves a lot of dust behind it is a sign of rain. The smoke always goes straight before good weather and when it blows everyway it is a sign of rain. When there is a blue blaze in the fire it a sign of a storm and when the soots fall down the chimney it is a sign of rain.

the bottom of the creel. When the creels are made there are ropes put to either side for to hang on the saddle of a donkey. These creels are mostly used for bringing turf out of bogs or to go to places where horses and carts cannot be taken.
Baskets:- The frame of the basket is made like a hoop with a thick rod. Then there were more thick rods added. Thinner ones were then entwined in these until the basket is made. These baskets are used for carrying pests.

twelve o'clock that night inside in a field of ours and we call this field Log a Tuaime. This field was about a mile from where he killed him.

Long ago a man by the name of Micky Kelliher from Glendine was a great mower. He used to mow an acre and a half of hay in a day. He was also a great runner. One day he was taken to the barrack. He ran away and all the police ran after him. They ran three miles after him and in the end they could not catch him. They were in search of him for a couple of months and he gave himself up to them again. Another man by the name of Mick Baker mowed two English acres of hay in a day.

Jimmy Ashe jumped a horse. A man by the name of Bat Finn was the strongest man in the police force. He was also a good jumper and weight thrower.

They went in and after an hour Griffin said "Come on until we do something". Hobart said if he did not keep quite that he would choke him.
Griffin said to himself that he would tell the boss that the other one would not work. They were called to their dinner and no hay was cut. They came out again and went into the bush, and remained there until five o'clock. Hobart then took a half-crown out of his pocket, and told Griffin to take every short cut to Barry's for a bottle of whiskey.
When Griffin came back the acre of hay was cut and Hobart was inside in the bush.

A man lived in Cappaclough whose name was Dennis Dowd. He had a servant boy whose name was Michael Griffin and another by the name of James Hobart. On Monday Dowd went to Tralee with pigs.
There was an acre field in the farm with a sally bush in the middle of it and the men were to go mowing it. When they went out Hobart said they would go into the bush and rest.

Some time ago flax was grown around here. It was set one time about a mile from where I live in a place called Ahane. It used be set in plots like wheat and when the blue flower would come on it, it used be pulled and then bogged in a marshy place. It used be bogged near a well called Peter's well - in Co Kerry on the banks of the Feale near Mt Collin's creamery bridge. In them times it used have to be bogged very quietly because if the police knew it they would be fined heavily because the water from the flax hole would poison the river.

Flax was grown here about 45 years ago, and it was grown in our own land. When it was ripe it was pulled and not cut. After it was ripe it was made into bundles and tied, and was then put steeping in water to soften the fibres. After this it was spread in the grass to bleach. Then it was made again into bundles and beaten with a tuairgín or bittle, then it was cloven with a cloving tongs. It was then called tow. The it was spun with a spinning wheel called a túrne. Then it was warped before sending it to be woven. When it was woven it was made into bandle cloth, shirts, and also sheets and wear for years.

In ancient times in this district whatever, the bread which was eaten was made from barley, which the farmers set and ground. The ingredients were scanty, and few only breadsoda, and water generally, at all times for the poor, as the sour milk was kept to drink with threir potatoes. On Shrove Tuesday as a great treat, instead of pancakes they made a cake of grated potatoes which was called a "stampe cake". Indeed bread at that time was never made for a week or a few days, only a couple of days during the week when they had the ingredients, and then it was like a crab in a school

At every fair at the present day tolls are paid if the cattle are sold. The halter used for tying the animal is not given away to the buyer.
The owner of the animal purchases a halter and goes with the animal to the buyer. Long ago a fair was held in Kilmeedy but it was considered that the village was too small so it is no longer held there.

goose that laid the golden egg.

Long ago the boys and girls ere grown to manhood and womanhood before they wore boots, especially the poor, as they had to earn the price of them.During the hard frosty days of Winter they wore, instead of boots a couple of pairs of stockings which they called "lapins". Before boots were ever made the adults wore clogs these are boots with timbersoles.They are not made in this district, but they are worn by a few. There was one man who lived near Coon Bridge by the name of John Creagh that made the best clogs of all. LAter when the people

Every county has its own weather signs and here in west Limerick we have mnumerous ones. The most commonly known sign is a strong wind blowing from "Cill Adhlach" which is south-west. The dog also runs around the field looking for green grass which he eats at approach of rain. The cat comes in to the kitchen very drowsy, looking turns his back to the fire and then washes his face. The soot falls from the chimney and people say it is a sure sign for rain. The most noticeable sign for snow is to hear the crickets singing sharply in the hearth and the salt falls from the meat. All the birds fly low, whirling their wings

There were a great many old trades practised by the people in olden times, such as making candles, soap, baskets, spades.
The old people used to make their own candles, from the fat of old cows. They used to make soap from the bones of meat. They used to make the wicks of the candles out of thread and rushes.
The old people used to cut twigs and they used to keep them inside

Signs of fine weather:
1. A red sunset, and a grey dawn.
2. A cricket seen going out of the house.
3. The hills appearing far away.
4. The wind blowing from the east.
5. White fog low over the ground.
6. White fog in Summer.
7. The swallows flying high.
8. The wind west during the day and going to the east in the evening.
9. The Maiden Rock making a roaring noise.Signs of bad weather:

Long ago people used not wear boots or shoes but very seldom and tis many a person that never saw them in those days. There was a man back to the west of Dingle and he never wore a shoe. He could put his leg into a bag of aitean galbdha and he couldn't feel the pricks of the thorns.
When the women used to go to town they would not put on their shoes

There is a stone over in Knightly field in Killeton and there is a cross in it. There did a man try to break it and a bit went into his eye. He took the stone out in the road to break it and it was inside again in its place the next morning. There did another man put a stitch of iron in it and put it standing again.

Long ago a man named Domnic lived at the top of Mawm. He was a robber and when the man that used to be gathering the rent used to be coming home, Domnic would be out to meet him and he would shoot him and get his money. He used to live in a cave and when he would be about half a mile away from it, he would cut a green furze bush and he would pull it down the hole after him and the cave because they would think the green bush was growing there. When a cow or a horse died in Slieve Domnic would give money to the owner to but another one. One day as he was

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invite all the people around, and they would bring their horses. Some of them would bring side-cars and more of them would bring common-cars. Then they would all ride back to Annascaul. Then they would all come home and have a race. The first man to Camp would win. When they would come home they would have the wedding. They used to have porter and whiskey and all classes of drink, and meat also. Then they used to be singing and dancing all day. When the wedding would be over the man used have to drag home the girl. This was called the Drag Home.

me when you see them coming near the house, start crying and clapping your hands and he will ask what happened me. Say that when I saw them coming I fell dead. He will tell you that he will forgive you and ask him for a clear receipt.
Keep clapping your hands until he is gone away". There was a great wind in the road, and as soon as they were gone away, the dead man got up and went through the fields until he came to the road. The landlord was coming and he was beconing a stick at the landlord. When the land lord saw him he told the driver to gallop the horses for the bare life that hte dead man was following him.

When the night came they all gathered into one room. They were frightened that the cat would kill them. The man opened the door a bit and the cat put his head in and the man caught it between the door and the jamb. The man called the servant boy to get the hatchet and cut his head off. When his head was alnmost cut off he said, "It is well for ye".

Long ago there lived in Listowel a landlord. He went to a tenant who owed him two years' rent and when the man and his wife saw him coming. "I told you", said the wife, "that it was better for you to pay the rent". Hold your tongue I have another plan". He rubbed flour to his face and he lay down inside the door. "Throw a sheet over

laughed or not.

"O Morty Oge you were the first
To cross this Sassanach hound accurs'd
You with your gallant comrades four
Have left him dying in his gore
And the bubbling on that youder swell
Is his spirit trying to escape from hell",
The bubbling is still to be seen on the edge of the water.

the other men were trying to get him out the bank on which they were standing slipped out into the hole and the men were imprisoned in it. The man who remained in the boat went ashore and quickly spread the alarm and the people made many attempts to save the lost men but it was all in vain. The cave where they were lost is called "Cuas an leacair" and the ghosts of the men who were lost in the cave are said to be heard there. This cave is situated in Reentrish about sixteen miles from Castletown Bere.

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baby. The priest then said some prayers and the spirit disappeared and she was never seen again.

morning he rose early to see the track of the fairies bonfire. The meadow was as usual, no sign or trace of burned grass or anything that would lead one to believe a fire was burned in the place the previous night.

Little Christmas Night.
This is the last night of the festive season of Christmas, and it is celebrated with a great feast. For tea or supper, a special cake is made - sometimes the old people prefer a boxty loaf made with currants, raisins, and lemon-peel. More preer hot potatoe-cakes for supper, but there is always some extra delicacy for this night.
The family all join in the saying of the Rosary on this night. A special cake is made from soft cla and mud - in size about a breakfast plate. Twelve rush candles which have been previously prepared, peeled, dried, in chimney and soaked in suet fat, and got ready. They are cut in sizes about ten inches long and the twelve strongest are

fort the year. This practice is faithfully observed in this locality, and even where people supply milk to neighbours during the scarce season, they usually send a double supply on New Year's eve, to make sure that no milk will leave the house on New Year's Day.
Another superstitious practice which is observed is this - no money is spent on New Year's Day, not even on the daily paper. I have known people to purchase their needs on credit, if the necessity arose to buy anything; but as far as possible everything is provided in advance for this day, so as to avoid spending money on the first day of the year. Many say if you let money out of the house on New Year's Day you will have cause for spending every day throughout the year.
Particular attention is paid to the weather on this

if there were any tracks or marks to be seen. If footsteps pointed towards the door, it was a sign that some member of the family would leave home during the coming year. If on the other hand the footsteps pointed towards the hearth, it was a sign of new comers to the home during the New Year.
People like to get a present of food on this day - a New Year's cake or some similar token. They say it indicates a plentiful supply of food during the year. But there is one thing, no person will allow out of their house on this day, and that is milk. They seem to think that if milk is given away all their luck with their cows and butter will be lost

St. Stephen's Day passes quietly nowadays and this feast day this year was marked by the absence of many crowds of Wren Boys who usually travelled from house to house. With song, dance and music they tried to entertain the inhabitants of the houses at which they called and for which amusement they expected money.
In the Carrowreagh district only young boys go around. They are generally dressed up in women's clothes wear false aces and hats decorated with featehrs and ribbons. One of the party is selected as the leader: he is known as the Captain and he carries the Cash and all obey him. The Wren Boys like other Irish customs will soon be a thing of the past.

Some people in this district still believe in fairies. About forty years ago there was a man of Patrick Ceon coming home from rambling and he to pass through Peter O'Brien's fort. As he was passing through the fort all the fairies gathered around him and would not let him go. They held him there for about two hours. At last, when he begged them, they let him go. The fairies were holding candles in their hands. He never went through that fort again. He was coming from rambling another night and he had to pass through Michael Davey's fort. He heard a great noise. He looked to one side of him and beheld a little fairy with a big knife in his hand. He asked him for gold and he did not answer but pointed the knife towards him. Patrick ran and when he was a good distance away he looked back, when he

There was an old woman by the name of Kitty McHugh living in Crowhill and she was a midwife. One night there came a man riding on horseback for her.
She didn't know him but she went with him.
He told her to get behind him on the horse so she did and they did not go far till they came to a two storey house. He brought her in but she didn't know his wife either who was in the bed. There were also two other old women in the house.
She noticed that every time they went out they put their fingers in a hole in the wall and rubbed it to their eyes.
She went out and did the same thing then she could see alot more.
In some time after she was going to the market of Ballymote in a donkey cart. She met the same man on horseback. She spoke to him

Up to about forty years ago the harvest was all cut by the hook. At that time the land used to be prepared and a furrow used to be dug squaring out the field and inside the furrows was called "lands". When the corn was fit for reaping two men used to be put on each "land".
There was a man in Woodhill and he had seven reapers and as they werent even, one man had to go on a land for himself. Later on there came a small man about fout feet high with his hook on his shoulder and asked for work of reaping oats. The owner refused him work because he was too weak but asked him to tie the corn. He refused to tie the corn when he wouldn't allow him to reap with his hook.
After a while the single man agreed to take him on as a partener

Green should not be worn, because it is an unlucky colour.
Tuesday is a lucky day to get married, and Friday and Saturday are unlucky days.
The month of May is unlucky to get married.
The married couple went away some place on their honeymoon.
If they had a brother a priest he could marry them, in their own house, but they should get permission from the parish priest.
Potatoes were the usual breakfast meal.
After the breakfast in the bride's house they would go away.

Tea came first in 1840. The vessels the people had before tea came were wooden and earthenware mugs. They had three meals every day: Breakfast, dinner and supper - Breakfast was at 6:a.m, dinner 12:a.m and supper 6.30:p.m. according to the sun as they had no clocks.
They started work at 4.a.m and worked until their first meal of stirabout. Their second meal was: Salt fish, leek sauce, potatoe's, skim-milk and sometime's skad's and sprat's. The last meal consisted of coffee, wheaten bread and butter. The table was left in the middle of the kitchen. They had several different kind's of bread including: black bread, wheaten bread, oaten and barm bread.
Meat was had at Christmas and Easter. The kinds of fish they had were Saltling, skads and sprats.

Tea came first in 1840. The vessels the people had before tea came were wooden and earthenware mugs. They had three meals every day: Breakfast, dinner and supper - Breakfast was at 6:a.m, dinner 12:a.m and supper 6.30:p.m. according to the sun as they had no clocks.
They started work at 4.a.m and worked until their first meal of stirabout. Their second meal was: Salt fish, leek sauce, potatoe's, skim-milk and sometime's skad's and sprat's. The last meal consisted of coffee, wheaten bread and butter. The table was left in the middle of the kitchen. THey had several different kind's of bread including: black bread, wheaten bread, oaten and barm bread.
Meat was had at Christmas and Easter. The kinds of fish they had were Saltling, skads and sprats.

The name of my town-land is Carrigeen which means a little rock. It is a good size and it consists of about eight farms. Our farm consists of eighty acres and there are many fields in it by the names of the "Strakes". Long ago two old women and an old man lived there. Each of them had a piece of their own and in that way it was called the Strake. The "Well" field was called by that name because it is in that field our well is. Also we have

lime and flies. In those days they tied there own flies. For a dark day they used a red flie. For a bright day they used a black flie. Also they fished with the worm which was to be left down with the stream. The worms were dug the night before and left in a crock with milk and moss to toughen. Then the hook was interly covered so that it would not be noticed. Worm fishing was carried on chiefly in a flood.

There are two forges in the parish of Caheragh. Charles Hegarty of Baile Oráin is one of smiths and Tim Hayes of Cillín Líarh is the other smith. The ancesters of the smiths were smiths also. The forges are situated near streams. The forge in Cillín Líarh is covered with slates. The forge in Baile Oráin is covered with tin and felt outside. There is one hob in each of the forges. Each smith has a big bellows for blowing his fire. There are no bellows made in this district. The tools the smith has are - an anvil a sledge a tongs a poker a bellows and a

There are two smiths in the parish. The names of them are Tim Hayes and Charles Hegarty. His father was a smith also. Each forge is situated by the road. Charles Hegarty is living in the townland of Ballyourane and Tim Hayes is living in the townland of Caheragh. The forges that they have are slated. The door is square. There is a cross near them. The bellows are things that you would twised up and down but they were not made in the place. Charles Hegarty shoes horses and donkeys but Tim Hayes does not shoe any donkeys. They do not make no farm implements but they only repairs them. They shoes wheels and settle cars.

business and farm work. But the younger generation take no notice of these stories, and it is only where the old people survive that any attention is given to this custom at present. However, young and old pay great attention to the first visitor to the house on November Day. They don't like to see a red haired person as the first visitor, but all look out for a dark haired young person - if he belongs to a rich family he is doubly welcomed.
The old people don't like to give away butter, or milk on this day. They seem to think that the fairies have special power over them on this day, and that if a drop of milk was

A superstitious practice indulged in on these says was as follows. If a baby was left unattended in a cradle while the mother went out, she always put the kitchen tongs across the cradle; this was thought to thwart the fairies power, so that they could not take away the baby. A story is told in this connection, where a parent forgot to put the tongs across the cradle. She went out to the well for a bucket of water but on her return noticed the child whining and very sick. No cure or remedy seemed to do the child any good; it died, and of course it was then said "the good people" took it.

All farmers prepared their turf bank in May day in preparation for the seasons crop of turf. If the bog was a long distance away, they rose at dawn, breakfasted and made preparations for their dinner which would be got ready on the bog. Then they took sleans, barrows, spades and all the necessary equipment on their carts, and set off at an early hour for the first days work on the bog. If they made mud turf, it was said they would not get cold if they walked barefooted through the mud on May day.
The old people always believed the fairies, or "good people" as they called them, had special power over mankind on May Eve and May day. If a child or young person died on either of these days, it was said "the good people" took them.

We set about and acre and a half of potatoes every year at home. The ground is often manured before it is turned. Wooden ploughs were made locally about sixty years ago, but they are not used atall at the present day.
Potatoes are dug out with a potato digger

There is a Clois in the side of the hill of Peak. In the days gone by there were no Churches and the Priests used to say Mass in old Closhes. This Closh in Peak is in the side of the high hill. The people round this place call it Clois an Aifrinn.
The people say there is a stone in Lisheennakeilta called Cloc an Aifrinn where the priests used also say Mass. It is said that the Red Coats killed a priest at this stone in Lisheennakeilta and that he is buried under a bush between Peak and Gortaleam. In those days the priests were hunted from the place by the Red Coats. They used to kill all the Priests. They caught and sold the priests' boots. The man who bought the priests boots

There is a Clois in the side of the hill of Peak. In the days gone by there were no Churches and the Priests used to say Mass in old Closhes. This Closh in Peak is in the side of the high hill. The people round this place call it Clois an Aifrinn.
The people say there is a stone in Lisheennakeilta called Cloc and Aifrinn where the priests used also sy Mass. It is said that the Red Coats killed a priest at this stone in Lisheennakeilta and that he is buried under a bush between Peak and Gortaleam. In those days the priests were hunted from the place by the Red Coats. They used to kill all the Priests. They caught and sold the priests' boots. The man who bought the priests boots

Long ago most people got married between Christmas and Ash Wednesday at the time of the year they called the "Seraft".
Nowadays they get married at any time that suits them. However certain people have certain superstitions as regards some months and days. For instance May is considered a very unlucky month to marry in. "Marry in May repent the day". Then again certain days are considered lucky and unlucky.

is covered with a layer of broken earth wooden ploughs were used about one hundred years ago.
When the stalks are about three inches over the ground the drills are scuffled and fine earth produced. Then the earth is risen to the stalks with a drill plough.
In the month of June when the stalks are about a foot high they are sprayed with a mixture of blue stone and washing soda to keep the blight from them. The spraying is done again after a

Once upon a time when Diarmud was back in the west he knocked a huge piece of rock out of Nephin and meant to crown Knocknashee with it so as to make it better than Benbulben, so he made a rope out of rushes and put it around it and carried it across the country but, when he came to the place where Muckelty now stands the rope broke and he was discouraged to try to bring it any farer so he left it there and to this day the track of the rope is on Muckelty.

Once upon a time when the Danes were in Ireland they used go through the country persecuting the people.
One day there was a band of them coming to a house in which lived an old woman and her son. The son was a young active man but his mother was so feeble that she could hardly walk. At last the young man thought of a plan to bring his mother with him to safety. He put her on his back and off with him as fast as he could across hedges and ditches and "tore his ould breeches". At last he stood up to see if the Danes were still following. They weren't, but there was nothing on his back but his mothers two legs the Danes had torn away the rest of her. There was a lake beside him and he threw the two shins into it and ever since it had been called "Loc na Lurgan". The lake of the shins.

About seventy years ago there lived a band of robbers at Lough Talt and they used rob people going to Ballina. One day a man from this part of the country was coming from Ballina after selling butter. He had a mare with him and when he was coming near Lough Talt one robber man ran out and caught the mare by the bridle and whistled for, but the man hit him on the knuckles with the whip and he let go the bridle, but still kept whistling for the help of other robbers and they were coming, but the man they were trying to catch drove his mare so fast that they could not catch him.
There is a hillock at Logh Talt yet called "The robbers den".

never heard of a priest being killed or taken prisoner here, but at the Mass rock in Carrigallen town, Father O'Flynn was shot by the bullets of Queen Elizabeth's soldiers. These good priests kept the faith alive in Ireland.

During the penal days in Ireland the people of Ireland were down-trodden by the English. They were not allowed to practise their religion. The priests were not allowed to say Mass. The Irish people were forced to leave their land and go into the woods and mountains. The priests had to say Mass in caves in the hills and mountains. The lands that were taken from the Irish people were given to protestants, who came over from England and Scotland. If priests were got saying Mass they were taken prisoners and the priest hunters as they were called would shoot them and then burn their bodies. This trouble lasted for a period of about three hundred years. The priests and Catholic people

There was a man named Curly he lived in Co. Sligo he had only one cow and one calf the cow died and he cut her up and salted her in a barrel. One night Curly went to a dance playing a fiddle. When his wife got him gone she put down a piece of meat in the pot. It was not long down until the fiddles began to play in the pot and in the barrel. She put the barrel and pot out on the street. When Curly came home she scolded him "what harm" said Curly so he went to the fort and started playing a fiddle he was not long playing until a gentleman came out and asked him would he play for them "With the greatest of pleasure" said Curly. When Curly went in he saw an old woman nursing a child she told him neither eat nor drink anything and here is a bit of ointment and rub it to your eye and you will see everything here. There is the rope of your cow hung on the nail and bring it home with you when you are going. So Curly payed for them until

One of the many great me who left their homes in the March of 1867 to make a darring attempt to free their country, one whose name is Peter O'Neill Crowley who was later shot in Kilclooney Wood. He was born near Ballymacoda in the year 1832 and was a young man when the Fenian movement started. Crowley was soon a trusted leader of the movement and it is stated that his home in Ballymacoda was the meeting place.
Another great leader of the Rebellion was MacLure who was recently home from America, and it is said that when he arrived at Crowley's house he ordered all the men to be ready to take their place in the fighting ranks on the following day. They then proceeded to Castle Martyr to attack the

A churning is made in most farmers' houses once or twice a week. It is made oftener in Summer than in Winter because the cows have plenty green grass to feed on in the Summer.
We have a churn at home. It is about three feet high. It is about five years since this churn was made. We bought it in Claremorris as there are no churns made in this locality now.
The different parts of the churn are the churndash the clapper and the lid. There are round holes on the churndash so as to allow the milk to run through it.
The churn is thoroughly scalded and then left to cool before the cream is put into it. The churndash is then put in and finally the lid and the clapper are put in place. The churning now begins. Everyone in the house must give a hand to make the butter. If a neighbour or a stranger happen to come in while the churning is going on they are supposed to give

it a few strokes as people say if they did not do so they would take away all the butter.
The churning is made when big grains of butter appear around the the top of the churn. Some cold butter water is then poured into the churn and it is gathered by shaking it for some time. The butter is then taken out with w churncup or a strainer.
It is then put into a well cleaned dish. Then it is thoroughly washed with spring water three or four times to take away all traces of milk. It is then salted to give it a nice flavour. It is then made into a roll. It is now ready for eating.
The buttermilk is used for making bread. It is very healthy to drink too. It is also used for fattening pigs. My father remembers when there was a cup in our house for drinking buttermilk. It was made of wood with two wooden handles. It was called a "noggin".
People are careful not to let

Grainne stood watching for the return of Diarmaid when he had gone to the fatal hunt of the wild boar of Benbulbin, and when she saw the Fianna return without Diarmaid and saw his stag hound being led by Fionn, she knew that Diarmaid had been killed, and she fell over the ramparts of the Rath in a swoon. On recovering her senses she uttered an exceedingly long and piteous cry that was heard all over the district. People living around the place up to the present day tell how that same mournful cry can be heard at times, and it is known by the name of "Grania's-ban-shee".

that whoever discovered the infant or procured his whereabouts would be allowed to name his own reward. Grec. Mac Arodh as he ranged over the country came by chance ober the cave beside Sidh Cor or She Cormac where he saw wolf cubs gambol, and among them a little urchin running on all fours. Grec told Lughna and and when Etan saw the infant she recognised her as her own because of the mark on his toe. Grec. received his reward namely the lands in the barony of Coolavin, afterwards known as Grecraighe.
The boy (Cormac) was nurtured by Lughna and the

designated the "thieves hole" where the robber bands used to put their stolen treasures. A very peculiar deep cleft traverses this isolated limestone hill at the eastern extremity. It is difficult to account for this chasm, some say it once formed the bed of a river others say it was an underground passage leading to the old Abbey in Boyle, and another to the Church of Emlafad (which means long marshy land) which continues still further tot he old Castle Ballymote also the Franciscan Abbey.
The biggest event however which brought Corran into the literary and historic lime light in ancient times was its having cradled Cormac

The town fair is usually held in the "fair green" and toll is always paid on cattle and pigs when sold, but a cart of bonhams are charged for at the rate of sixpence per cart sold or unsold. The usual toll is sixpence for a horse, cow, bullock or heifer while a pig is only three pence and a sheep two pence. When an animal is sold and the man is being paid he gives luck's money ranging from two shillings to two and sixpence according to the money received. Two shillings on money up to ten pounds received and a half crown on anything higher.
When the bargain has been made the parties concerned show their agreement by striking

The local fairs are usually held in the towns and villages. Once a month in each place. Sometimes a dealer comes to a farmers house and buys any animals or pigs which he may have to sell. In the olden times fairs were sometimes held at cross roads or other distinguished spots, i.e. Once every year on the 4th of June there was what was called the fair of "Baldwin" held in a simple country district. There young and old alike assembled and business and pleasure combined in providing the people with great pleasure. This has long since been done away with.

early one morning to dig ground and locate the treasure. He was not very long at work when he saw a white bull coming over the hill towards where he was working. This surprised him very much as he did not know of any one that owned a white bull for miles around him. He dug on for some time, but the bull became furious and chased him from the place. He went again the next two days in succession but the same thing occurred. At last he give up as he knew that it was all in vain but the digging can be seen, even to the present day.

sword through her. When he had just killed her, a beautiful lady appeared dressed in white. When Fionn saw the beautiful lady he cried for a week. The tears that fell from him cut two big cummars in David Healy's land. Fionn ordered his men to bury her. They made a large hole and put her into it, and put 200 tons of stones down on her. She was the daughter of the king of Greece. The place where she was buried can be seen plainly yet.

There is a gold saddle belonging to one of the Danish Princes supposed to be hidden in Patrick Buckley's fort. There was a man who lived in Carraraigue. He went to the fort one evening at night-fall. When he entered the fort on each side stood Urns of gold and silver in the centred stood the gold saddle which glittered with diamonds. First he was about to take the gold, but seeing the saddle and he decided to take it. When he was about to take it he was kept back by a black cat who said "Take what you will but do not touch the saddle". He was a bold man and said that he would take it. He was about to do so. The cat spit on his hand and immediately it fell lifeless by his side.

There was a Hedge school in the townland of Baunreigh.
A man named Jerry Sullivan taught there. He was a native of Bantry. The scholars paid him 1s-6dper three mts. There were about forty pupils attending the school.
The scholars did their writing with goose quills. There was no blackboards in the school.
The scholars used to sit on stools around the house and when the days were fine the master used to arrange the boys in lines. One line used to be on the bank of the river near my own yard, and the other line on the other bank.
The Hedge school was about 12 yards away from where my house situated.
He had a house of his own and he used to teach in it during the bad weather.
The stones that it was built with are there yet.

the potatoes and milk and wheaten meal. Bailiffs were put minding the land then and all the farms were stocked with Corporation cattle but the Moonlighters used to drive them off the land as fast as they were put on it. And the local shops refused to sell anything to the bailiffs, so they had to go far away for their supplies, mostly into Cork city.
That lasted for fourteen years until at last the landlord got tired of it, do you see he was getting no rent all that time, and bedad they came to a settlement.
The rent was reduced to more than half and all the same families got back their farms again. All the farmers of the parish gave them cattle and seed oats and seed potatoes and they came with their horses and ploughed up the land for them and helped them to plant their crops.
So that's how it finished, the tenants got the best of it but they wouldn't only for the moonlighters.

lady will give a performance never before seen in Ireland, aye - or beyond the says - all for the low charge of wan pinny. Step in, ladies an' gen'l'men". And with than an acrobatic prelude takes place outside between himself and a rather ancient dame who looked young and lovely through rouge and tinsel. Just then a couple of itinerant ballad-singers began a display of lusty lungs to the disgust of the showman, on the outskirts of the crowd, who soon forgot his Simian antics in the en-thralment of the thrilling strains of -

and ran out to tell her husband of her fine treasure but when they came in to their great surprise the fox was gone.

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the King's palace the king refused to give him his daughter. He said he would give her to him if he would bring him some of the "golden apples" from a tree which grew across the ocean before his witch who was as speedy as the March wind.
The boy at once knew that his friends would help him. So he sent the man who was herding the deer to get the golden apples for him.
He set off at once to find the "golden apples" before the witch. He went so fast that he had found the golden apples

for the King's palace. On their way they saw a man with his leg tied up herding deer, and if he let down his leg he would pass out the deer. So they took him into the boat.
Next they met a man who never missed a shot with an arrow, so they knew that he would be useful, so they took him into the boat also.
On and they went until they met a man who could hear another man's voice at the other end of the world so they took them all with them.
When they reached

There was once a woman in Pullaheena in Co. Sligo. She had twelve sons, who were very holy. Some bad people made a law that all holy people should be killed. All her sons were killed except this little infant.
The mother thought that it would be much better to drown him than to have him killed by these cruel men. She wrapped him up in a box and threw him in the tide she thought that she would never hear of him again.
It happened that he came ashore in Kilcummin in a box. When it was washed ashore there was "Caonach" growing on it and every day a sow which

in it.
Behind the church there is a well and it is called St. Baithin's well. This is a holy well and I heard people saying that there is a cure in the water you get from the well.
St. Baithin is buried in Taughboyne. It is supposed that this grave never sank. There in the clay that is on the grave. This clay is supposed to cure toothache and the headache.
When St. Baithin was living in Taughboyne there was a man who showed disrespect to St. Baithin and after that he had bad luck.
This man was living in a little house and the owner of the house put the man out. This man had two cows and they died.

in ambush waiting on them. On the 7th of April 1729 the English came through Kinnycally. When the English were going past this army ran out and attached them and a great battle took place. Thomas Burke won this great fight. He only lost five men altogether and he got any arms they had. The English lost all their arms and over 100 of their men were killed. He chased them out of this part of the country altogether. This battle was fought in a field in Kinnycally called the Graveland.

Wan time I heard the people saying that there was a giant lived on Binion hill. He nover fought with ony one. I heard the people saying that he threw a stone fray Binion to Rockfield aboot fifty years ago.
I heard the people saying that this big giant did not fight with ony body unless when he was angry. I did not hear any thing aboot any giant that lived in our place.
I heard the people saying that there were not many giants aboot our place at that time because they were all in other parts of the country. I heard the people saying that one day they were out walking alang the road that they saw a giant in the field and he had two heads on him.
One day I heard the people saying that wan day they were awa in the wood they met a giant with seven heads on him. They were very much afraid of this giant. They ran through the wood and they met another giant.

Ard Stratha is a village near Strabane. My grandmother told me there was a giant lived there one time. She said the giant was as big as three men. She said the day she saw him the giant had sheep and hens with him.
About a month later another man saw the giant. When he was looking at the giant another giant came up and the two giants started to fight. After a while one of the giants lifted a big stone. He threw it at the other giant and killed him. The stone was broken sometime after that and it was a ton and a half in weight.
The day after the fight some of the men went out to make a trap for the giant. They dug a hole twenty-four feet deep six feet long and wide. Then they covered it with branches and clay and grass and

cuts around the sprain and let the blood out and it is supposed to cure the sprain.

They do not come often to our house and they do not stay very long. They come and show their and take a drop of tea and they they go away again. Sometimes we buy things from them. There is a man who comes from Derry. His name is Joe McBrearty. Whenever he comes to our house my mother always gives him his tea.
Sometimes he is welcome. Some of the tinkers ride in carts and some of them walk. Some of them are very good story tellers and we gather in to hear them.
My mother told me that once a beggar came and she gave him a pound of butter and a loaf of bread.

Then we have to run to the rope with the pole in our hands, whoever jumps the highest wins the game.
Then we have to let go the pole when we jump, the highest jump is about four and a half feet high.

Long ago the priests were not allowed to celebrate Holy Mass in the Churches like nowadays. They had to go to the mountains, to the low valleys and to the woods to offer the Holy Sacrifice. Usually at night they celebrated Holy Mass as they were afraid of the English Government to do so in day time.
Once there was an Archbishop sent from Galway to Mayo and at that time there lived an English chief in Ballycastle. Now this chief hated the Bishop so much that after a short time he had him tortured and hanged. A few days before the Bishop died he told the people that the chief would soon answer to God for his bad deeds. Shortly after the Bishop's death this English chief contracted some strange disease an no doctor could cure him. The day before he died he cried out to the people of

was a deep pool and was drowned. Now there gathered a considerable amount of fairies on either bank and buried her on the south side of Poll a'Púca, raising a mound or fairy hill, which is called "Side Ruad".
The hill and the name still survive to this day.

Now you cover the mouth of the kiln with tin to keep the heat in for a few days and then the lime is ready for use.

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match. He went and they carried him to Down Patrick where other fairies waited to paly against them. Then they began the match and the man stood in the goals. The fairies of Rarch Muragan having won the match carried the man back to the Fort again feeling quite proud of him. Afterwards they told him that they would grant him any request he would ask.
Not long before this happened a mare was stolen from a man named Máirtín Mór. who lived in Ballyglass. This man who helped the fairies to win the match now asked them to tell him who stole the mare and the fairies told him to say this rhyme for Máirtín Mór.
The Fairies of Rarch Muragan were challenged to Kildare
Some wee folk to play a joke stole Máirtín Mór's old mare
The other day she heard them say they were going to have her docked
And what did the poor old mare do

There is a Fort called Rarch Muragan in a field owned by Pat Winters Ballinglen Ballycastle.
At a very late hour one night a man was passing by this Fort and he being very tired went in and lay down in the Fort and fell asleep. He was not long asleep until a lot of fairies came to him and asked him to go with them and play a football

mysterious tail moved quietly as before.For the next five minutes I know not what I did the intensity of my feelings almost bereft me of my senses.
But I was recalled to myself by Peterkin seizing me by the shoulders. and staring wildly into my face, while he exclaimed, "Ralph! Ralph! perhaps he has only fainted. Dive for him, Ralph!"

Now I considered well the advice which Jack had given me about preparing my tank and the more I thought of it the more I came to regard it as very sound, and worthy of been acted on. So I forthwith put his plan in execution and found it to answer excellently well, indeed.

Peterkin immediately took the spear, poised it for a second or two above his head, then darted it like an arrow into the sea. Down it went straight into the centre of the green object, passed quite through it, and came up immediately afterwards, pure and unsullied, while the

We gained the interior of the submarine cave without difficulty, and on emerging from the waves, supported ourselves for some time by treading water while we held the two above our heads.

Not a sound that was discordant broke the stillness of the morning, although there were many sounds, sweet, tiny, and melodious, that mingled in the universal harmony of nature. The sun was just rising from the Pacific's ample bosom and tipping the mountain tops with a red glow.

8. Ding-dong under the pan - ten drawing four.
A woman milking a cow.
9. What had no feet, but wears boots & shoes.
The Road.

going over a bone bridge & a brass man driving him.

15. Ding Dong under the bank - ten drawing four.

the battle of Aughrim because they believe the people of the parish to be the cause of it. When the penal laws were passed the Landlords got the chance they were looking for. The tenants had no freedom and in the end the farmer who had a horse would have to give it up if the Landlord offered five pounds for it.
They came to Joe Fahey's and evicted him but he got a job in the "Poor House". He lived in Doire Gúlann.
The McDermots were evicted, then, Pádhraig was elected member of Parliment, and another of them got a farm of land.

Then they level it down and put a cloth over. Then it is put up tot he person's side. While this is being done he or she says the prayers required. Sometimes half the glass of oatmeal will be gone. The charm had to be made three times before the person is cured. It is said that if you don't make three little cakes of the remaining oatmeal and eat it that you will leave the cure after you in any house.
Cure of head fever:- The head is measured three times and the charm is made while doing so. The head is supposed to be split and when the charm is made the head is alright.

They were not poor, they used to carry their own food with them. They used to stay in the locality and they used to make saucepans and cans. They like to get potatoes and meal. They used to travel in bands and they usually came in the Winter. They used to sleep in the houses in the locality at night. They used to make a lot of money in places.

Jack Lovely was a travelling man who travelled this locality for the last fifteen years. He was very poor and he sells nothing. He does not stay in the locality very long. He likes to get a penny or an egg. He travels by walking. He generly comes in summer and goes to the Home for the Winter. The people do not mix with him but he carries news. He only goes into a few house in every village.

The Donovans are calling about ten years to this locality and they are still calling. They are poor. They sell saucepans and cans. They stay at some cross-roads or some shady place for a few days. They don't have any food with them only the food they get from the people around the locality. They like to get tea, sugar and flour. They travel in bands. Those people come a couple of times in the year to this locality. This tribe and a lot of other tribes come to the Country Fair in Ballinasloe. The people of this locality do not mix with them.
The Calahans were calling about a hundred years in this locality.

The Donovans are calling about ten years to this locality and they are still calling. They are poor. They sell saucepans and cans. They stay at some cross-roads or some shady place for a few days. They don't have any food with them only the food they get from the people around the locality. They like to get tea, sugar and flour. They travel in bands. Those people come a couple of times in the year to this locality. This tribe and a lot of other tribes come to the Country Fair in Ballinasloe. The people of this locality do not mix with them.

There was a man named Martin Ears who travelled this locality for many years. He was very poor but he was a working man. He was welcome every place and people gave him a bed where he worked.
Another man who was calling in this locality was Mick Rutchlage. He had a home of his own but he never remained at home. He was welcome everyplace.

Martin Deveran was poor man but he wanted to make out that he was poorer than he really was. He would not wear a shirt because he said people would give him nothing if he had a shirt.
Joe Egan travels from place to place. He works a few days in each place. He does not carry food with him but he gets it where he works. He travels alone.
Maggie Cowley did not come to this locality for the last six months. He used to sell pictures, brooches, tie-pins, etc. The people used to call her "the basket woman".

because she carried the things in a basket. She travels alone.
Thomas Cunnagham was another travelling man. He was calling for twenty years and is now dead. He was poor and was welcome always by the young people because he used to tell them funny stories.
Yellow Jimmie was travelling around this locality for bout twenty five years but he died about ten years ago. He wore no boots in the summer but he used to gather bottles. I do not know his sur name but he was known either by Yellow Jimmey or Jimmey the bottles. He used to travel alone.

John Dunne was a poor travelling man who travelled this locality for six years. He was welcome to the places around here.
John Doherty was a man who travelled round this locality seven years ago. He was a rich man and he used not go into any houses.

About a hundred years ago there lived a man in Ballykilclash called 'Boyers'. He was noted for being the best fife-player in the country. He played at all the dances in the country. He was in the habit of being out late at night. One night as he was going through one of my father's fields he was surrounded by a band of Fairies, who called him in turn to play for them. When he was tired playing the best-looking lady among the fairies asked him to play for her but he refused her and said he was tired. Then one of the other fairies winked to him and said that he had done wrong, because she was their Queen. From that day 'Boyers' could never play a fife.

Potatoes are grown on my farm (townland of Droumduhig, parish of Ballyhar, Kerry). About one acre is sown as a rule every year. The amount does not as a rule, vary every year.
My father prepared the ground. This is not manured in any way before being turned up. The potatoes are sown in ridges as well as in drills. The ridges are about three feet

If the smoke rises up perfectly straight from the chimney it is a sign of rain.
If there is a blue blaze from the fire, it is a sign of a storm.

The thatch was taken away in 1870 and a slated roof was was put on in its place. The teachers house was beside the school and it also had a thatch roof the old house was taken away seven years ago. The first teachers name was Hugh Doherty,Ballayanon Linsfort, Desertegney Buncranna. He was born in 1810 the year 1811 he got the most of his learning in Scotland. A few of his first scholars were Mich Doherty and John Doherty Tonduff, James McLaughlin and John Doherty Ballyanon. Neil Duffy and Denis McLaughlin Leophin. The second teacher was a man named Cruswall he was from Ardmagh. The teachers pay was £10 per year and every had boy had to give a penny each day to get learning their prayer for an hour after school.

Many years ago people used to come to our field in search of a pot of gold.
It was supposed to be hidden in the fort. You can see the fort from the school. Some people used to come at night time to look for the pot of gold. One night a man came to dig for the pot of gold. He began digging for the gold. He dug a hole about three feet deep. He did not get the gold. He came the next night to dig for the gold but before he came near the fort he saw a light. He frightened when he saw the light. He began to run away. Many people were frightened when they came to dig for the pot of gold. The pot of gold was never found. It is said that the pot of gold is there yet. It is not known who hid it there.

Then she baked it on the fire and when it was baked it looked to be a great big cake. She gave this to Monover along with the roast meat.
Monover found it dreadfully hard, but he was ashamed to say that he could not eat Irish bread so he crunched away at it until all his teeth were either broken or shaken in his head.
Finn could hardly keep from laughing in the cradle. When he had finished his meal he remarked that it was no wonder the Irish were strong when they lived on such hard bread. He then asked when should Finn be home. She said she could not tell but that he was expected to come every day.

but he took the bullock by the horn, and was bringing him along. Finn's son seized the animal by the other horn, and the two pulled against each other, and neither let his hold until they tore the bullock into two halves. Monover took in half the bullock and gave it to the woman to cook. "Is that all you got" said she. "Yes" he replied "the herd boy would not allow me to take any more".
So she cooked the meat on the fire. While Monover was outside bringing in the bullock she made dough for a cake, and she got the iron griddle on which she used to bae the bread and she put a layer of dough on each side of the griddle so that the griddle was hidden entirely out of sight.

but he took the bullock by the horn, and was bringing him along. Finn's son seized the animal by the other horn, and the two pulled against each other, and neither let his hold until they tore the bullock into two halves. Monover took in half the bullock and gave it to the woman to cook. "Is that all you got" said she. "Yes" he replied "the herd boy would not allow me to take any more".
So she cooked the meat on the fire. While Monover was outside bringing in the bullock she made dough for a cake, and she got the iron griddle on which she used to bae the bread and she put a layer of dough on each side of the griddle so that the griddle was hidden entirely out of sight

The labourer was with him for a considerable time an was receiving a few shillings now and then. He thought he would never be paid.
One day he thought of a plan, and started to throw a small lump of coal into the farmer's well every day. At the end of the month he had about a bag of coal in the well. He got the offer of a better job elsewhere. One night the farmer sent him out for a bucket of water for the supper. He went and scooped up a bucket of coal and handed it to the farmer and said "Begor you have a coal mine in the well. The farmer went out and took a big bucket from the well. Then he called his wife and said to her "Pull out the stocking Kate and give this poor man a pound for every week he worked for us" and here is a pound for the road me good man and don't tell anyone" said the farmer.

he reached home his wife and children were out on the road weeping and wailing. "Bring it in" says the wife and she had about twenty candles lighting inside.
There was no trace of the corpse in the dray "O" said the man. "I had her fin I left Youghal and she's gone now the divil must be in it". All the neighbours were called and told to look for the corpse. My grand uncle went to look for it on horseback. When he had gone about two miles he found the corpse standing up straight in the middle of the road.

was waiting were she was milking. When she started to milk she was milking blood instead of milk. She stood up and flung the pail of blood at the priest, but none of the blood fell on him it all fell on herself, so the people called her after that "The Red Woman".

One night a woman was going to Knockmore with eggs. It let one rap of thunder and a flash of lightning and there was a smell with it. She went into a house. About a hundred yards away from the house a hundred sheep were killed with the lightning.
There was a flood and it lasted five weeks. A man had two acres of hay and he had it cocked. The flood covered the cocks. The man used to go out in a "cot" and try to save the hay.
The big wind came. It knocked houses and everything. A man brought out his wife and tied her to a bush and he went in for a blanket to put around her. When he came out the woman and the bush were gone with the wind.

About twenty years ago a great storm lasted for two or three days and did a lot of damage to places around. The first night of the storm it took the roof off a stable at Callow. There was a stone fastened on to the side of it and the storm brought it a few fields away from the stable. Its owner was James Doyle, who died a few years afterwards.
Another night there was terrible lightning and it knocked a tree, and brought it up from the roots.
The place is half a mile from Foxford.

On the Moy, between our house and the town of Foxford, a boatful of people were having great fun. They were throwing up apples to see which one would catch them. The boatful turned on its side and the boatful was drowned.
In Park there lived Ellen Brogan and four of her brother's children. There was oil in the house and Ellen started filling oil for some one. She let some oil fall on the floor and she threw ashes on it to sweep it up. It took on fire.
She ran out the window. The children ran to bed, but they were burned to pieces.

Martin Durkan lived in Curloman. He was the best swimmer in the village. He often swam the lake.
One day he was working in the meadow. It was a very hot day. He went home for his dinner.
Himself and other men went swimming. He swam down to where the lake and the river meet. The current caught him and drowned him.
The people got a boat and searched for him. He was found on the bank of the river a few yards below that.

belts, bracelets, and hair-bands from toffee-papers. Each toffee paper is at first folded in the length until it is about one third of an inch thick. It is then doubled in the breadth and the two ends are folded to meet one another in the centre. They are then woven, placing each fold into another until the required length is obtained. Fasteners are then placed at each end.

The field of Patsy Hogan's below Hedger Quane's field on the right hand side of the New Line Road, Inchacombe, (Anglesboro', Co. Limk., Coshlea) on the way to Galbally from Anglesboro' was the scene of a great battle between Elizabeths troops and the Earl of Demonds troops. This field was first broken up about 70 years ago and the surface was as black as ink. It would remind you of the surface in a graveyard and the soldiers who were killed in this fight were buried in this field. One evening in harvest time Patsy was standing at High Street where the mountain foot boys gather in the evening for a chat and a game of cards (High Street is the spot where J. Walsh's shop stands in Barnagurraha, Anglesboro', Co. Lomk. Coshlea) and on looking down towards the field he had broken some time

when he was riding into Jerusalem.
In olden times beautiful straw mats used to be made by the people of this district. Thousands of baskets and creels used to be made by the old people and at the present day baskets are made by Robert Ewing and it was a well-known fact that many of the baskets which his father made in days gone by, were exported to America.
Holy wells were very much frequented by the people in olden times because whatever the nature of their illness might be, they believed that if they only dipped their hand in a well they would be cured. Such a well is to be found in Mr. R. Siggin's field in Cooladrummond. If anyone had, for instance, sore eyes he would go to this well and throw some crumbs in on the water. Then if a white trout appeared to eat up the crumbs the person concerned would wish three times and it is said

In the townland of Dromagh a young girl going for water one morning saw a leprechaun sitting under a mushroom. He was working away at his shoes. He was singing and old Irish song and never heard the girl until she caught him by the neck. "Now, out with your gold", said she to him. "Gold, indeed", said the leprechaun, "where would a poor cobbler like me get gold?". "Don't be wasting your time with me", said the girl,

"but give me the gold". The leprechaun tried to make the girl look round, but she never took her eyes off him. At last the leprechaun said that there might be some gold under the old castle. The girl carried him up to the castle in her apron. When they got to the top of the hill the leprechaun shouted, "Oh! murder, the castle is on fire". The girl got a great start, and looked at the castle. At the same time she felt the leprechaun going from her apron and when she looked round again he had gone and she never saw him again.

"but give me the gold". The leprechaun tried to make the girl look round, but she never took her eyes off him. At last the leprechaun said that there might be some gold under the old castle. The girl carried him up to the castle in her apron. When they got to the top of the hill the leprechaun shouted, "Oh! murder, the castle is on fire". The girl got a great start, and looked at the castle. At the same time she felt the leprechaun going from her apron and when she looked round again he had gone and she never saw him again

Long ago when St Patrick was preaching the Gospel to the Irish the Fienna were dead and gone with the exception of Oisin.
It took the Staint a long time to get him to understand the mystery of the Blessed Trinity and other articles of Faith. When he failed on many occasions to explain to him the mystery, he took up the Shamrock which grew at his feet and explained there was but one stem yet there were many leaves, thus it was with the Trinity - one God and three Divine Persons.
There is a tale told of what Oisin understood when St Patrick was trying to explain to him how God hated sin and the curse the first sin of disobedience brought into the world, when Adam and Eve ate of the apple called the "forbidden fruit". This is what is recorded. Oisin said "If only I had known, that your God was so fond of apples as to be so vexed over the eating of one apple, I'd long ago have sent seven horses, seven carts, seven mules, and a jennet drawing apples to Paradise".

There are many roads in my parish. One of these roads leads to Tuam. It is called the Tuam road. Another road leads to Galway. It is called the Kilmaine-Galway road. There another road south of the village that runs to Cross. It is called the Cross road.
A little road leads to Creggduff from the public road. It is about a quarter of a mile long. It serves the village of Creggduff. Another boreen leads to Carnturley. It is very rugged. It is about a quarter of a mile in length. Another little road leads to Ballyhenry and Mylestate. Another little road leads to a pond owned by Mrs. McDonagh. It is about two hundred yards long.
Another little roads leads to Cahireevagh. It is about a quarter of a mile long. There is a little road running from the in Mrs. Conroys into Mr. Mooney's field in Carton. Another road leads from the Ballinrobe road to Mr. Conneally's land. It is called Stabahill.

The principal roads in my parish lead from a cross-roads in the middle of Kilmaine. One leads to Tuam and another to Galway. A little to the north there is a cross-roads. One road leads to Hollymount and the other to Ballinrobe. Another leads from the village to The Neal called the "chapel road".
There is a road in my townland called the Kilquire road. It serves Shealoghan and a part of Kilquire. There is a track of an old road passing through a farm called the Kilquire farm. It leads from the Hollymount road to Mr. Mohan's land. It is not used now. It was made in the year of the famine. It almost connected the Kilquire road to the Blessington road. At the south of the village there is a road leading from the Hollymount road to Ardkell and Killernan. There is a road leading from the Hollymount road to a pump which gives water to the village. This road divides the two townlands of Ellistron-Beg and Kilquire. This road is very little used.

The priincipal roads in my parish led from a cross-roads in the middle of Kilmaine. One leads to Tuam and another to Galway. A little to the north there is a cross-roads. One road leads to Hollymount and the other to Ballinrobe. Another leads from the village to The Neal called the "chapel road".
There is a road in my townland called the Kilquire road. It serves Shealoghan and a part of Kilquire. There is a track of an old road passing through a farm called the Kilquire farm. It leads from the Hollymount road to Mr. Mohan's land. It is not used now. It was made in the year of the famine. It almost connected the Kilquire road to the Blessington road. At the south of the village there is a road leading from the Hollymount road to Ardkell and Killernan. There is a road leading from the Hollymount road to a pump which gives water to the village. This road divides the two townlands of Ellistron-Beg and Kilquire. This road is very little used.

The principal roads from the square are the Hollymount, Tuam, Galway and Ballinrobe roads. A little way south of the village of Kilmaine is a by-road leading from the Galway road to Fountain-Hill.
There is a by-road leading from the Hollymount road into the townland of Ardkell. It accommodates fourteen tenants. A little way to the North there is also another by-road leading into Ardkell; it accommodates three tenants. There is also a by-road leading from the Ardkell road into a holding of land in the middle of Ardkell. It almost connects the two roads referred to before.