In olden times, these were all thatched with rushes by the men of the house.
The floor was made of yellow clay.
The fire-place was usually at the gable-end. There were no chimneys - but the smoke went out thro' a hole in the wall.
The walls were made of stone and mortar - Stones and Lime were plentiful.
The windows were small and as glass was too expensive, parchment was used.